Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
June 27, 1950: Truman orders U.S. forces to Korea
On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman announces that he is ordering U.S. air and naval forces to South Korea to aid the democratic nation in repulsing an invasion by communist North Korea. The United States was undertaking the major military operation, he explained, to enforce a United Nations resolution calling for an end to hostilities, and to stem the spread of communism in Asia. In addition to ordering U.S. forces to Korea, Truman also deployed the U.S. 7th Fleet to Formosa (Taiwan) to guard against invasion by communist China and ordered an acceleration of military aid to French forces fighting communist guerrillas in Vietnam.
At the Yalta Conference towards the end of World War II, the United States, the USSR, and Great Britain agreed to divide Korea into two separate occupation zones. The country was split along the 38th parallel, with Soviet forces occupying the northern zone and Americans stationed in the south. In 1947, the United States and Great Britain called for free elections throughout Korea, but the Soviets refused to comply. In May 1948 the Korean Democratic People's Republic--a communist state--was proclaimed in North Korea. In August, the democratic Republic of Korea was established in South Korea. By 1949, both the United States and the USSR had withdrawn the majority of their troops from the Korean Peninsula.
At dawn on June 25, 1950 (June 24 in the United States and Europe), 90,000 communist troops of the North Korean People's Army invaded South Korea across the 38th parallel, catching the Republic of Korea's forces completely off guard and throwing them into a hasty southern retreat. On the afternoon of June 25, the U.N. Security Council met in an emergency session and approved a U.S. resolution calling for an "immediate cessation of hostilities" and the withdrawal of North Korean forces to the 38th parallel. At the time, the USSR was boycotting the Security Council over the U.N.'s refusal to admit the People's Republic of China and so missed its chance to veto this and other crucial U.N. resolutions.
On June 27, President Truman announced to the nation and the world that America would intervene in the Korean conflict in order to prevent the conquest of an independent nation by communism. Truman was suggesting that the USSR was behind the North Korean invasion, and in fact the Soviets had given tacit approval to the invasion, which was carried out with Soviet-made tanks and weapons. Despite the fear that U.S. intervention in Korea might lead to open warfare between the United States and Russia after years of "cold war," Truman's decision was met with overwhelming approval from Congress and the U.S. public. Truman did not ask for a declaration of war, but Congress voted to extend the draft and authorized Truman to call up reservists.
On June 28, the Security Council met again and in the continued absence of the Soviet Union passed a U.S. resolution approving the use of force against North Korea. On June 30, Truman agreed to send U.S. ground forces to Korea, and on July 7 the Security Council recommended that all U.N. forces sent to Korea be put under U.S. command. The next day, General Douglas MacArthur was named commander of all U.N. forces in Korea.
In the opening months of the war, the U.S.-led U.N. forces rapidly advanced against the North Koreans, but Chinese communist troops entered the fray in October, throwing the Allies into a hasty retreat. In April 1951, Truman relieved MacArthur of his command after he publicly threatened to bomb China in defiance of Truman's stated war policy. Truman feared that an escalation of fighting with China would draw the Soviet Union into the Korean War.
By May 1951, the communists were pushed back to the 38th parallel, and the battle line remained in that vicinity for the remainder of the war. On July 27, 1953, after two years of negotiation, an armistice was signed, ending the war and reestablishing the 1945 division of Korea that still exists today. Approximately 150,000 troops from South Korea, the United States, and participating U.N. nations were killed in the Korean War, and as many as one million South Korean civilians perished. An estimated 800,000 communist soldiers were killed, and more than 200,000 North Korean civilians died.
The original figure of American troops lost--54,246 killed--became controversial when the Pentagon acknowledged in 2000 that all U.S. troops killed around the world during the period of the Korean War were incorporated into that number. For example, any American soldier killed in a car accident anywhere in the world from June 1950 to July 1953 was considered a casualty of the Korean War. If these deaths are subtracted from the 54,000 total, leaving just the Americans who died (from whatever cause) in the Korean theater of operations, the total U.S. dead in the Korean War numbers 36,516.
I remember one event in particular that happened on this date: the Mike Tyson-Michael Spinks match. it was highly touted as the decisive match between the two undefeated and dominant heavyweight champions, and many people were divided as to who was going to win. But we all know what happened. Spinks came out, not sweating and looking uncertain, even scared. Tyson came out looking focused and intent to hurt Spinks. And the fight lasted all of 91 seconds. It was perhaps the most iconic match of Tyson's dominance at the time, as it seemed he would take on all comers and knock them out in short order. At that point, he looked absolutely invincible, although that would change, and in much shorter order than anyone could have expected.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
363 - The death of Roman Emperor Julian brought an end to the Pagan Revival.
678 - St Agatho begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded
1542 - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo claims California for Spain
1580 - Duke van Alva's army occupies Portugal
1652 - New Amsterdam (now NYC) passes 1st speed limit law in US
1693 - First sea battle of Lagos: England & Holland vs France
1693 - First woman's magazine "Ladies' Mercury" published (London)
1697 - Polish parliament selects monarch August van Saksen as king
1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
1743 - English defeat French at Dettingen
1743 - War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen: in Bavaria, George II personally leads troops into battle. The last time a British monarch would command troops in the field.
1756 - French fleet conquer St Philips Castle of Minorca
1759 - General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec.
1778 - Liberty Bell came home to Phila after the British had left
1806 - Buenos Aires captured by British
1833 - Prudence Crandall, a white woman, arrested for conducting an academy for black females at Canterbury Conn
1847 - NY & Boston linked by telegraph wires
1862 - -28] Battle at Garnett's/Golding's Farms, Virginia
1862 - Battle of Gaines' Mill, VA (Cold Harbor, Chickahominy Bluffs) Day 3
1863 - Skirmish at Fairfax (Courthouse) Virginia
1864 - Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain GA
1867 - Bank of California opens doors
1876 - 1st NLer to get 6 hits in 9 inn game (Dave Force, Phila Athletics)
1876 - Democratic Party elects Samuel Tilden as presidential candidate
1890 - Cecil Rhodes' colonies attack Motlousi at Matabeleland
1890 - George Dixon becomes 1st black boxing champ (Bantam weight)
1893 - Great stock crash on NY stock exchange
1905 - Russian sailors mutiny aboard battleship "Potemkin"
1909 - 23rd US Womens Tennis: Hazel H Wightman beats M Barger-Wallach (60 61)
1909 - Etten-Leur 1st airplane flight in Neth (Belgium count De Lambert)
1914 - Jack Johnson beats Frank Moran in 20 for heavyweight boxing title
1914 - US signs treaty of commerce with Ethiopia
1915 - 100°F (38°C), Fort Yukon Alaska (state record)
1915 - Dutch SDAP demonstrates against conscription
1917 - First baseball player (Hank Gowdy) to enter WW I military service
1922 - Newberry Medal 1st presented for kids literature (Hendrik Van Loon)
1923 - Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH-4B biplane
1929 - 1st color TV demo (NYC)
1929 - Pres Von Hindenburg refuses to pay German debt of WW I
1931 - 3rd Ryder Cup: US wins, 9-3 at Scioto Country Club (Columbus, Ohio, US)
1933 - 4th Ryder Cup: Great Britain wins, 6½-5½ at Southport & Ainsdale, England
1934 - Federal Savings & Loan Association created
1935 - Danno O'Mahoney beats Jim Londos in Boston, to become wrestling champ
1939 - First night game at Cleveland Municipal Stadium (Indians 5, Tigers 0)
1939 - Brooklyn Dodgers tie Boston Braves, 2-2, in 23 innings
1939 - Headley scores a cricket century in each innings v England at Lord's
1940 - Soviet Army attacks Romania
1940 - USSR returns to Gregorian calendar
1941 - Bialystok Poland falls to Germany
1941 - Nazi manifest against the Jews in Amsterdam
1942 - FBI captures 8 Nazi saboteurs from a sub off NY's Long Island
1942 - PQ-17 convoy leaves Iceland for Archangelsk
1943 - Elly Dammers throws Dutch record spear (41,43m)
1943 - Fanny Blankers-Koen runs Dutch record 200m (24.5)
1944 - Cherbourg, France liberated by Allies
1945 - Foundation 1940-45 established
1947 - 98°F (36.8°C) in De Bilt Netherlands
1947 - WRC TV channel 4 in Washington DC (NBC) begins broadcasting
1949 - "Captain Video & His Video Rangers," debut on DUMONT-TV
1950 - "Liar" closes at Broadhurst Theater NYC after 12 performances
1950 - US sends 35 military advisers to South Vietnam
1950 - North Koreans troop reach Seoul, UN asks members to aid South Korea, Harry Truman orders Air Force & Navy into Korean conflict
1953 - Joseph Laniel appointed French premier
1954 - First atomic power station opens (Obninsk, near Moscow, Russia)
1954 - CIA-sponsored rebels overthrow elected government of Guatemala
1955 - "Julius LaRosa Show," debuts on CBS-TV
1955 - 1st automobile seat belt legislation enacted (Illinois)
1956 - Indians trailing Orioles 9-1 come back to win 12-11 in 11 innings
1957 - Hurricane Audrey, kills 526 in Louisiana & Texas
1958 - Billy Pierce's perfect game bid broken with 2 outs in 9th
1958 - Harry Burrell flies KC-135 record (5:27:42.8) NY to London
1959 - "West Side Story" closes at Winter Garden Theater NYC after 734 perfs
1959 - 14th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Mickey Wright
1959 - Players vote Henry Aaron unanimously for the All-Star Game
1960 - British Somaliland becomes part of Somalia
1960 - Chlorophyll "A" synthesized Cambridge Mass
1960 - Oil pipe line from Rotterdam-Ruhrgebied opens
1962 - NASA civilian pilot Joseph Walker takes X-15 to 6,606 kph, 37,700 m
1962 - Ross Perot begins Electronic Data Systems
1963 - Bill J Kramer & Dakotas record Lennon & McCartney "I Call Your Name"
1963 - Pres Kennedy spent 1st full day in Ireland
1963 - USAF Major Robert A Rushworth in X-15 reaches 86,900 m
1963 - Phillies Johnny Callison hits for cycle, but Phillie centerfielder Tony Gonzalez's error ends his record 205 consecutive errorless games
1964 - "New Phil Silvers Show," last airs on CBS-TV
1964 - "Sie Liebt Dich (She Loves You)" by Die Beatles peaks at #97
1964 - Jan & Dean release "Little Old Lady From Pasadena"
1965 - Carol Mann wins LPGA Carling Golf Open
1966 - First sci-fi soap opera, "Dark Shadows," premieres on ABC-TV
1966 - 4th Mayor's Trophy Game; Yanks beat Mets 5-2
1967 - Race riot in Buffalo NY (200 arrested)
1967 - The world's first ATM is installed in Enfield, London.
1968 - Ludvik Vaculik publishes "Manifest of 2000 words" in Prague
1969 - 50,000 attend Denver Pop Festival
1969 - Honduras/El Salvador breaks diplomatic relations due to soccer match
1969 - Police raid Stonewall Gay Bar in Greenwich Village, NY, about 400 to 1,000 patrons riot against police, it lasts 3 days
1971 - "You're a Good Man Charlie Brown" closes at Golden NYC after 31 perfs
1973 - "Live & Let Die" premieres in US
1973 - John W Dean tells Watergate Committee about Nixon's "enemies list"
1973 - Uruguay suspends constitution
1973 - The President of Uruguay dissolves Parliament and heads a coup d'état.
1974 - "Flip Wilson Show," last airs on NBC-TV
1974 - US president Nixon visits USSR
1976 - "Pacific Overtures" closes at Winter Garden NYC after 193 perfs
1976 - Air France Airbus hijacked in Germany to Uganda 1976 - Israeli raid on Entebbe, Uganda
1976 - Portuguese general Antonio Eanes elected president
1977 - 5-4 Supreme Court decision allows lawyers to advertise
1977 - Djibouti (Afars & Issas) claims Independence from France
1977 - Willie McCovey smashes 2 HRs in inning for 2nd time (Apr 12, 1973)
1978 - Henry Rono of Kenya sets record for 3,000 m, 7:32.1
1978 - Soyuz 30 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 Polish) to Salyut 6 space station
1978 - US Seasat 1, 1st oceanographic satellite, launched into polar orbit
1979 - Heavyweight Muhammad Ali confirms that his 3rd retirement is final (it isn't)
1979 - Supreme Court rules employers may use quotas to help minorities
1980 - 1st female state police graduates (NJ)
1980 - Dodger's Jerry Reuss' no-hits SF Giants 8-0
1980 - Italian plane crashes into Tyrrheense Sea, kills 81
1980 - US revives draft registration
1981 - "Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes returns to #1 slot
1981 - Cambodia adopts its constitution
1981 - Pamela Jenks, 21, crowned 14th Miss Black America
1982 - "Dancin'" closes at Broadhurst Theater NYC after 1,774 performances
1982 - "Play Me a Country Song" opens & closes at Virginia Theater NYC
1982 - STS-4 Launch (Columbia)
1983 - Highest price paid for painting by a living artist 960,200 pounds - Miro
1983 - Mariners bat out of order against White Sox in 2nd inning
1983 - NASA launches space vehicle S-205
1983 - Soyuz T-9 carries 2 cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station
1984 - Emmy 11th Daytime Award presentation - Susan Lucci loses for 5th time
1984 - Fire destroys a set in "A View to the Kill"
1984 - France wins soccer's European Cup
1984 - Late Night's 1st Tower Drop
1984 - Supreme Court ends NCAA monopoly on college football telecasts
1985 - First hotel strike in NY
1985 - Route 66 (Chicago to Santa Monica), is decertified
1986 - Anne White shocks Wimbledon by wearing only a body stocking
1986 - In referendum, Irish uphold ban on divorce
1986 - Robby Thompson (SF) sets record, caught stealing 4 times in 1 game
1986 - SF Giant Robby Thompson is caught stealing record 4 times
1986 - US informs NZ it will not defend it against attack
1986 - World Court rules US aid to Nicaraguan contras illegal
1987 - Supreme Court Justice Powell retires
1988 - Mike Tyson KOs Michael Spink in 91 seconds, in Atlantic City ($67m)
1988 - Reds bat out of order against Padres in 1st inning
1990 - Jose Canseco signs record $4,700,000 per year Oak A's contract
1990 - Salman Rushdie, condemned to death by Iran, contributes $8600 to help their earthquake victims
1991 - Emmy 18th Daytime Award presentation - Susan Lucci loses for 12th time
1991 - Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall resigned from the U.S. Supreme Court. He had been appointed in 1967 by President Lyndon Johnson.
1992 - "57 Channels (and Nothin' on)" by Bruce Springsteen peaks at #68
1992 - 193rd ranked Andrei Olhovsky defeats #1 seed Jim Courier at Wimbledon
1992 - Dan O'Brien fails on pole vault & eliminated from Olympics decathlon
1992 - Daryl Gates retires as LA police chief
1993 - "Falsettos" closes at John Golden Theater NYC after 487 performances
1993 - NY Met pitcher Anthony Young loses record 24th straight game
1993 - Don Henley booed in Milwaukee when he dedicates the song "It's Not Easy Being Green" to President Clinton
1994 - "Gray's Anatomy" closes at Beaumont Theater NYC after 8 performances
1994 - 118°F (47.8°C) at Lakewood New Mexico[dup]
1994 - 118°F (47.8°C) at Lakewood New Mexico (state record)
1994 - NY Daily News increases prices to 50 cents
1994 - Aerosmith become first major band to let fans download a full new track free from the internet
1995 - Holland's debut in English domestic comp (v Northants, NatWest)
1995 - Mason City Iowa's TV news personality Jodi Huisentruit disappears
1995 - Space shuttle STS-71 (Atlantis 14), launches
1995 - Former WMMS engineer William Alford is sentenced to 10 days & $1,000 fine for cutting feed during Howard Stern's broadcast from Cleveland
1995 - Qatar's Crown Prince Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani ousted his father in a bloodless palace coup.
1998 - An English woman was impregnated with her dead husband's sperm after two-year legal battle over her right to the sperm.
1998 - In a live joint news conference in China U.S. President Clinton and President Jiang Zemin offered an uncensored airing of differences on human rights, freedom, trade and Tibet.
1998 - Opening of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia.
1999 - ATB go to No.1 on the UK singles chart with '9pm, Till I Come'
1999 - The Chemical Brothers go to No.1 on the UK album chart with 'Surrender', their second No.1 album
2001 - Pope John Paul II beatifies 28 Ukrainian Greek Catholics, including 27 martyrs most of whom were killed by the Soviet secret police. Beatification takes place at the service in Lviv, western Ukraine during his first visit to this country.
2001 - The International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in the LaGrand Case.
2002 - In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission required companies with annual sales of more than $1.2 billion to submit sworn statements backing up the accuracy of their financial reports.
2003 - The United States National Do Not Call Registry, formed to combat unwanted telemarketing calls and administered by the Federal Trade Commission, enrolls almost three-quarters of a million phone numbers on its first day.
2005 - In Alaska's Denali National Park, a roughly 70-million year old dinosaur track was discovered. The track was form a three-toed Cretaceous period dinosaur.
2005 - AMD files broad antitrust complaints against Intel Corporation in U.S. Federal District Court, alleging abuse of monopoly powers and antitrust violations.
2007 - The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre.
2008 - Bill Gates steps down as Chairman of Microsoft Corporation to work full time for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
1693 - "The Ladies' Mercury" was published by John Dunton in London. It was the first women's magazine and contained a "question and answer" column that became known as a "problem page." 1743 - King George II of England defeated the French at Dettingen, Bavaria, in the War of the Austrian Succession. 1787 - Edward Gibbon completed "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire." It was published the following May. 1801 - British forces defeated the French and took control of Cairo, Egypt. 1847 - New York and Boston were linked by telegraph wires. 1871 - The yen became the new form of currency in Japan. 1885 - Chichester Bell and Charles S. Tainter applied for a patent for the gramophone. It was granted on May 4, 1886. 1893 - The New York stock market crashed. By the end of the year 600 banks and 74 railroads had gone out of business. 1905 - The battleship Potemkin succumbed to a mutiny on the Black Sea. 1918 - Two German pilots were saved by parachutes for the first time. 1923 - Yugoslav Premier Nikola Pachitch was wounded by Serb attackers in Belgrade. 1924 - Democrats offered Mrs. Leroy Springs for vice presidential nomination. She was the first woman considered for the job. 1927 - The U.S. Marines adopted the English bulldog as their mascot. 1929 - Scientists at Bell Laboratories in New York revealed a system for transmitting television pictures. 1931 - Igor Sikorsky filed U.S. Patent 1,994,488, which marked the breakthrough in helicopter technology. 1940 - Robert Pershing Wadlow was measured by Dr. Cyril MacBryde and Dr. C. M. Charles. They recorded his height at 8' 11.1." He was only 22 at the time of his death on July 15, 1940. 1942 - The FBI announced the capture of eight Nazi saboteurs who had been put ashore from a submarine on New York's Long Island. 1944 - During World War II, American forces completed their capture of the French port of Cherbourg from the German army. 1949 - "Captain Video and His Video Rangers" premiered on the Dumont Television Network. 1950 - Two days after North Korea invaded South Korea, U.S. President Truman ordered the Air Force and Navy into the Korean conflict. The United Nations Security Council had asked for member nations to help South Korea repel an invasion from the North. 1954 - The world's first atomic power station opened at Obninsk, near Moscow. 1955 - The first "Wide Wide World" was broadcast on NBC-TV. 1955 - The state of Illinois enacted the first automobile seat belt legislation. 1958 - NBC's "Matinee Theatre" was seen for the final time. 1959 - The play, "West Side Story," with music by Leonard Bernstein, closed after 734 performances on Broadway. 1961 - Arthur Michael Ramsey was enthroned as the 100th Archbishop of Canterbury. 1964 - Ernest Borgnine and Ethel Merman were married. It only lasted 38 days. 1966 - "Dark Shadows" began running on ABC-TV. 1967 - The world's first cash dispenser was installed at Barclays Bank in Enfield, England. The device was invented by John Sheppard-Barron. The machine operated on a voucher system and the maximum withdrawal was $28. 1967 - Two hundred people were arrested during a race riot in Buffalo, NY. 1969 - Patrons at the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, clashed with police. This incident is considered to be the birth of the homosexual rights movement. 1972 - Bobby Hull signed a 10-year hockey contract for $2,500,000. He became a player and coach of the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association. 1973 - Former White House counsel John W. Dean told the Senate Watergate Committee about an "enemies list" that was kept by the Nixon White House. 1973 - Nixon vetoed a Senate ban on bombing Cambodia. 1980 - U.S. President Carter signed legislation reviving draft registration. 1984 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individual colleges could make their own TV package deals. 1984 - The Federal Communications Commission moved to deregulate U.S. commercial TV by lifting most programming requirements and ending day-part restrictions on advertising. 1985 - Route 66 was officially removed from the United States Highway System. 1985 - The U.S. House of Representatives voted to limit the use of combat troops in Nicaragua. 1986 - The World Court ruled that the U.S. had broken international law by aiding Nicaraguan rebels.
1844 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints founder Joseph Smith was murdered by a mob in Carthage, Ill. 1898 Joshua Slocum became the first person to successfully circumnavigate the earth alone when he landed his sloop Spray in Newport, R.I., a 46,000-mile trip. 1922 The Newbery Medal for children’s literature was first awarded. 1950 President Harry S. Truman ordered the Air Force and Navy into the Korean War. 1954 The world's first atomic power station opened at Obninsk, near Moscow. 1969 Police and gays clashed at the Stonewall Inn in New York City, fostering the gay rights movement. 1985 The legendary Route 66, running from Chicago to Santa Monica, Calif., was decertified, the victim of the Interstate Highway System. 2003 The national do-not-call registry, formed to combat unwanted telemarketing calls and administered by the Federal Trade Commission, enrolled almost three-quarters of a million phone numbers on its first day.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jun27.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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