http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Sep 16, 1932: Gandhi begins fast in protest of caste separation
On this day in 1932, in his cell at Yerovda Jail near Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi begins a hunger strike in protest of the British government's decision to separate India's electoral system by caste.
A leader in the Indian campaign for home rule, Gandhi worked all his life to spread his own brand of passive resistance across India and the world. By 1920, his concept of Satyagraha (or "insistence upon truth") had made Gandhi an enormously influential figure for millions of followers. Jailed by the British government from 1922-24, he withdrew from political action for a time during the 1920s but in 1930 returned with a new civil disobedience campaign. This landed Gandhi in prison again, but only briefly, as the British made concessions to his demands and invited him to represent the Indian National Congress Party at a round-table conference in London.
After his return to India in January 1932, Gandhi wasted no time beginning another civil disobedience campaign, for which he was jailed yet again. Eight months later, Gandhi announced he was beginning a "fast unto death" in order to protest British support of a new Indian constitution, which gave the country's lowest classes--known as "untouchables"--their own separate political representation for a period of 70 years. Gandhi believed this would permanently and unfairly divide India's social classes. A member of the more powerful Vaisya, or merchant caste, Gandhi nonetheless advocated the emancipation of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans, or "Children of God."
"This is a god-given opportunity that has come to me," Gandhi said from his prison cell at Yerovda, "to offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden." Though other public figures in India--including Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambdekar, the official political representative of the untouchables--had questioned Gandhi's true commitment to the lower classes, his six-day fast ended after the British government accepted the principal terms of a settlement between higher caste Indians and the untouchables that reversed the separation decision.
As India slowly moved towards independence, Gandhi's influence only grew. He continued to resort to the hunger strike as a method of resistance, knowing the British government would not be able to withstand the pressure of the public's concern for the man they called Mahatma, or "Great Soul." On January 12, 1948, Gandhi undertook his last successful fast in New Delhi, to persuade Hindus and Muslims in that city to work toward peace. On January 30, less than two weeks after breaking that fast, he was assassinated by a Hindu extremist on his way to an evening prayer meeting.
Sep 16, 1620: Mayflower departs England
The Mayflower sails from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World with 102 passengers. The ship was headed for Virginia, where the colonists--half religious dissenters and half entrepreneurs--had been authorized to settle by the British crown. However, stormy weather and navigational errors forced the Mayflower off course, and on November 21 the "Pilgrims" reached Massachusetts, where they founded the first permanent European settlement in New England in late December.
Thirty-five of the Pilgrims were members of the radical English Separatist Church, who traveled to America to escape the jurisdiction of the Church of England, which they found corrupt. Ten years earlier, English persecution had led a group of Separatists to flee to Holland in search of religious freedom. However, many were dissatisfied with economic opportunities in the Netherlands, and under the direction of William Bradford they decided to immigrate to Virginia, where an English colony had been founded at Jamestown in 1607.
The Separatists won financial backing from a group of investors called the London Adventurers, who were promised a sizable share of the colony's profits. Three dozen church members made their way back to England, where they were joined by about 70 entrepreneurs--enlisted by the London stock company to ensure the success of the enterprise. In August 1620, the Mayflower left Southampton with a smaller vessel--the Speedwell--but the latter proved unseaworthy and twice was forced to return to port. On September 16, the Mayflower left for America alone from Plymouth.
In a difficult Atlantic crossing, the 90-foot Mayflower encountered rough seas and storms and was blown more than 500 miles off course. Along the way, the settlers formulated and signed the Mayflower Compact, an agreement that bound the signatories into a "civil body politic." Because it established constitutional law and the rule of the majority, the compact is regarded as an important precursor to American democracy. After a 66-day voyage, the ship landed on November 21 on the tip of Cape Cod at what is now Provincetown, Massachusetts.
After coming to anchor in Provincetown harbor, a party of armed men under the command of Captain Myles Standish was sent out to explore the area and find a location suitable for settlement. While they were gone, Susanna White gave birth to a son, Peregrine, aboard the Mayflower. He was the first English child born in New England. In mid-December, the explorers went ashore at a location across Cape Cod Bay where they found cleared fields and plentiful running water and named the site Plymouth.
The expedition returned to Provincetown, and on December 21 the Mayflower came to anchor in Plymouth harbor. Just after Christmas, the pilgrims began work on dwellings that would shelter them through their difficult first winter in America.
In the first year of settlement, half the colonists died of disease. In 1621, the health and economic condition of the colonists improved, and that autumn Governor William Bradford invited neighboring Indians to Plymouth to celebrate the bounty of that year's harvest season. Plymouth soon secured treaties with most local Indian tribes, and the economy steadily grew, and more colonists were attracted to the settlement. By the mid 1640s, Plymouth's population numbered 3,000 people, but by then the settlement had been overshadowed by the larger Massachusetts Bay Colony to the north, settled by Puritans in 1629.
The term "Pilgrim" was not used to describe the Plymouth colonists until the early 19th century and was derived from a manuscript in which Governor Bradford spoke of the "saints" who left Holland as "pilgrimes." The orator Daniel Webster spoke of "Pilgrim Fathers" at a bicentennial celebration of Plymouth's founding in 1820, and thereafter the term entered common usage.
Sep 16, 1940: Franklin Roosevelt approves military draft
On this day in 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Selective Service and Training Act, which requires all male citizens between the ages of 26 and 35 to register for the military draft, beginning on October 16. The act had been passed by Congress 10 days earlier.
America was not yet involved in the Second World War, but Roosevelt considered it a prudent step to train American men for military service in case the U.S. would have to defend itself against the growing threat of fascist and militarist regimes in Europe and Japan. At the time, Poland, Holland, Belgium, France and Norway had been invaded by Germany and word had begun to spread of Hitler's persecution of Jews and other minorities in concentration camps. It appeared that Great Britain would be next on the list of Nazi casualties. From July 1940, Hitler's Air Force bombarded England and the German navy blockaded the island nation in preparation for a planned invasion.
Roosevelt responded to British distress by selling the country more military equipment and providing increased humanitarian aid. After signing the Selective Service Act, Roosevelt warned, "America stands at the crossroads of its destiny. Time and distance have been shortened. A few weeks have seen great nations fall. We cannot remain indifferent to the philosophy of force now rampant in the world. We must and will marshal our great potential strength to fend off war from our shores. We must and will prevent our land from becoming a victim of aggression."
Although many Americans preferred to stay out of another conflict in Europe--World War I was still fresh in many minds--there was little resistance to the draft and, in the end, the measure might have been unnecessary. After the Japanese bombed Hawaii's Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, American men flocked to recruitment centers to enlist in the military.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his
followers.
1575 - King Johan Casimir of Palts promises military aid to
hugenots
1597 - French troops chase away Albrecht of Austria
1630 - Mass village of Shawmut changes name to Boston
1652 - Spanish troops occupy Dunkerk
1654 - Russian troops occupy Smolensk on Poland
1662 - Flamsteed sees solar eclipse, 1st known astronomical
observation
1666 - "Messiah" Sjabtai Tswi becomes Islamiet
1668 - King John II Casimir of Poland resigns, flees to
France
1701 - James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the
"Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of
England and Scotland.
1702 - Emperor Leopold I declares war on France, Cologne
& Bavaria
1729 - Willem KH Friso installed as viceroy of Groningen
1747 - French troops occupy Bergen on Zoom
1782 - Great Seal of US used for 1st time
1795 - British capture Capetown South Africa
1810 - Mexico issues Grito de Dolores, which called for the
end of Spanish rule Mexican Independence Day celebrates this event
1812 - Fire of Moscow
1830 - Oliver Wendell Holmes writes "Old
Ironsides"
1847 - Shakespeare Birthplace Trust buys bard's birthplace
in Stratford-upon-Avon
1848 - Slavery abolished in all French territories
1857 - Mexican constitution of force (fiercely attacked by
Pope Pius IX)
1857 - Typesetting machine patent
1858 - 1st overland mail for California
Physician and Explorer David LivingstonePhysician and
Explorer David Livingstone 1859 - Lake Nyasa, which forms Malawi's boundary
with Tanzania & Mozambique discovered by British explorer David Livingstone
1861 - Battle of Princeton WV
1861 - British Post Office Savings Banks opens
1862 - Gen Bragg's army surrounds 4,000 federals at
Munfordville, KY
1863 - Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American
educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher
Robert, an American philanthropist.
1864 - Battle of Coggin's Point, Virginia (Hampton-Rosser
Cattle Raid)
1867 - Ottawa Rough Riders & Senators play Canadian
Football game
1873 - German troops leave France
1885 - Puritan (US) beats Genesta (England) in 6th running
of America's Cup
1890 - Newswriter George Whitney Calhoun names Green Bay
team Packers
1892 - Amsterdam swim club renamed "The Y"
1893 - Cherokee Strip, Oklahoma opens white settlement
homesteaders
1901 - Alturas, California, is incorporated as the only city
in Modoc County.
1906 - Kaarlo Nieminen wins 1st Finnish marathon
1906 - Roald Amundsen discovers Magnetic South Pole
1908 - Carriage-maker, William Durant, founded General
Motors Corp
1908 - William Crapo Durant incorporates General Motors in
Janesville Wisc
1913 - 1000s of women demonstrate for Dutch female suffrage
Absolute monarch Nicholas IIAbsolute monarch Nicholas II
1915 - Czar Nicolas II adjourns 4th Duma
1915 - US takes control of customs & finances of Haiti
for 10 years
1919 - American Legion incorporated by an act of Congress
1919 - Dutch Ruether beats Giants 4-3 to clinch Cincinnati
1st NL pennant
1920 - Bomb explosion in Wall Street, kills 30
1922 - 42nd US Mens Tennis: Bill Tilden beats W M Johnston
(46 36 62 63 64)
1922 - Turkish troops chase Greeks out of Asia
1924 - Cardinal Jim Bottomley bats in 12 RBIs in 1 game
1926 - -22] Hurricane in Florida & Alabama, kills 372
1926 - Italian-Romanian peace treaty signed
1926 - Philip Dunning & George Abbott's
"Broadway," premieres in NYC
1926 - St Louis Cards beat Phillies 23-3
1927 - Rene Lacoste beats Bill Tilden for US Lawn Tennis
Association title
1928 - Hurricane hits West Palm Beach-Lake Okeechobee Florida;
3,000 die
1929 - Police shoots at strikers at Maastricht, 2 killed
1930 - Phillies trailing 10-5, score 5 in 9th, then Pirates
score 4 in top of 10th, so Phillies score 5 in bottom of 10th to win 15-14
1931 - Blimp is moored to Empire State Building (NYC)
1931 - St Louis Cards repeat as NL champions with a 6-3 win
over Phillies
1932 - 30.8 cm rainfall at Westerly, Rhode Island (state
record)
1938 - George E T Eyston sets world auto speed record at
357.5 MPH
1939 - 53rd US Womens Tennis: Alice Marble beats Helen Hull
Jacobs (60 810 64)
1939 - 59th US Mens Tennis: Robert L Riggs beats S Welby van
Horn (64 62 64)
1939 - NY Yankees clinch their 11th & 4th successive
pennant
1940 - Dutch SS forms
32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt32nd US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1940 - FDR signs Selective Training & Service Act
(1st peacetime draft)
1940 - Leo Durocher suspended from Ebbetts Field for
"inciting a riot"
1940 - Luftwaffe attacks center of London
1940 - Samuel T Rayburn of Tx elected speaker of House
1940 - St Louis Browns Johnny Lucadello is 2nd to HR from
each side of plate
1941 - German armour troops surround Kiev Ukraine
1941 - Hitler orders for every dead German 100 Yugoslavians
to be killed
1941 - Jews of Vilna Poland confined to Ghetto
1942 - Japanese attack on Port Moresby repelled
1943 - Montgomery's 8th army contacts invasion - arm forces
at Salerno
1943 - Soviet army under general Vatutin reconquer Romny
1945 - Barometric pressure at 856 mb (25.55") off
Okinawa (record low)
1947 - John Cobb sets world auto speed record at 394.2 MPH
1947 - Typhoon Kathleen hit Saitama, Tokyo and Tone River
erea, at least 1,930 killed.
1948 - "Heaven on Earth" opens at Century Theater
NYC for 12 performances
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1948 - "Mr Strauss Goes to Boston" closes at
Century NYC after 12 perfs
1949 - KABC TV channel 7 in Los Angeles, CA (ABC) begins
broadcasting
1950 - Cleveland Browns (formerly AAFC) play 1st NFL game,
beat Phila 35-10)
1950 - Viet Minh-offensive against French bases in Vietnam
1951 - 6th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Betsy
Rawls
1951 - NL umpire Frank Dascoli clears the Dogers bench
ejecting 15 players
1953 - AL approves St Louis Browns move to become Baltimore
Orioles
1954 - CKLW TV channel 9 in Windsor, ON (CBC) begins
broadcasting
1955 - Bauer & Berra homer in 9th beating Red Sox 5-4
taking over 1st
1955 - US Auto Club forms to oversee 4 major auto reacing
categories
1955 - Yankee Mickey Mantle pulls a hamstring muscle running
out a bunt
1956 - Marlene Bauer wins LPGA Clock Golf Open
1957 - Coup in Thailand (Premier Songgram deposed)
1957 - LA City Council approves 300-acre site in Chavez
Ravine for Dodgers
1959 - French President Charles de Gaulle recognizes
Algerian right of self determination
1960 - Amos Alonzo Stagg retires as a football coach at 98
1960 - Mil Brave Warren Spahn no-hits Philadelphia Phillies,
4-0
1961 - CDU loses West German election
1961 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1961 - WLKY TV channel 32 in Louisville, KY (ABC) begins
broadcasting
1962 - Brian Kilby wins marathon: (2:23:18.8)
1962 - Gerda Kroon runs European record 800 m in 2:02.8
1962 - Public TV channel 13 begins in NYC
1962 - Ruth Jessen wins LPGA Sacramento Golf Open
1962 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1963 - "Outer Limits" premieres on ABC-TV
1963 - Malaysia formed from Malaya, Singapore, Br No Borneo
& Sarawak
1963 - WVAN TV channel 9 in Savannah, GA (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1964 - "Shindig" premieres on ABC-TV
1965 - Boston Red Sox Dave Morehead no-hits Cleve Indians,
2-0
1965 - Sobibor trial opens in Hagen West Germany
1966 - Metropolitan Opera opens at NY's Lincoln Center
1967 - Anni Pede runs female world record marathon (3:07:26)
1967 - KPAZ TV channel 21 in Phoenix, AZ (IND) begins
broadcasting
1967 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1968 - KLNI (now KADN) TV channel 15 in Lafayette, LA (IND)
begins
1968 - Richard Nixon appears on "Laugh-in"
1970 - King Hussein of Jordan forms military government
1971 - 6 Ku Klux Klansmen arrested in connection with
bombing of 10 school buses
1971 - West German chancellor Willy Brandt meets with Soviet
president Brezhnev
1972 - 1st TV series about mixed marriage-Bridgit Loves
Bernie
1972 - Penny Marshall appears on Bob Newhart Show in
"Fly Unfriendly Skies"
1973 - "Desert Song" closes at Uris Theater NYC
after 15 performances
NFL Running Back and Convicted Criminal OJ SimpsonNFL
Running Back and Convicted Criminal OJ Simpson 1973 - Buff Bill OJ Simpson
rushes 250 yards (2 TDs), beating NE Pats 31-13
1973 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Southgate Ladies Golf Open
1974 - BART begins regular transbay service
1974 - Bob Dylan records Blood on the Tracks
1974 - Pres Ford announces conditional amnesty for US
Vietnam War deserters
1974 - US General Haig becomes NATO supreme commander in
Europe
1975 - Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia
(National Day)
1975 - Pirates beat Cubs 22-0, Rennie Stennett is 3rd to go
7 for 7
1975 - Rennie Stennett is 2nd to hit 7-for-7 in a 9-inning
game
1975 - The first prototype of the MiG-31 interceptor makes
its maiden flight.
1976 - Egypt president Sadat re-elected
1976 - American Episcopal Church approves ordination of
women as priests & bishop
1976 - Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from the
trolleybus that had fallen into Erevan reservoir.
1977 - 90 minute pilot of "Logan's Run" premieres
on TV
1977 - Ringo releases "Drowning in Sea of Love"
Singer-Songwriter Bob DylanSinger-Songwriter Bob Dylan 1977
- Seattle beats Royals, 4-1, to end KC's winning streak at 16 games
1978 - 25,000 die in 7.7 earthquake in Tabar Iran
1978 - Filming on Monty Python's Life of Brian, begins
1978 - Grateful Dead perform in Cairo Egypt
1978 - Yanks beat Red Sox for 6th time in 2 weeks, 3-2
1979 - 23rd Ryder Cup: US wins, 17-11 at The Greenbrier
(White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, US)
1979 - Catfish Hunter Day at Yankee Stadium
1979 - Coup in Afghanistan under Hafizullah Amin
1979 - KC's Willie Wilson hits 5th inside-the-park HR (most
since 1925)
1979 - Nancy Lopez/JoAnn Washam wins Portland- Ping Team
Golf Championship
1979 - USSR performs nuclear test
1981 - 1st broadcast of "Miami Vice" on NBC-TV
1982 - Massacre of 1000+ Palestinian refugees at Chatila
& Sabra begins
1983 - Arnold Schwarzenegger becomes a US citizen
1984 - "Miami Vice" premieres
Actor/Body Builder/Politician Arnold
SchwarzeneggerActor/Body Builder/Politician Arnold Schwarzenegger 1984 - Emmy
Creative Arts Award presentation
1984 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA SAFECO Golf Classic
1986 - Fire in Kinross gold mine, Transvaal South Africa,
177 killed
1987 - Calif's Bob Boone catches record 1,919th major league
game
1987 - NASA launches space vehicle S-209
1987 - NY's WNET-TV channel 13 begins round clock
broadcasting
1987 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1988 - Cin Reds Tom Browning pitches a perfect game, beats
Dodgers, 1-0
1988 - Fish leaves rock group Marillion
1988 - Javed Miandad completes 211, his 5th Test Cricket
double, v Australia
1988 - Jury awards Valerie Harper $1.6 M in dispute over TV
series
1988 - Tom Browning of Cincinnati Reds pitches a perfect
game against LA
1989 - Debbye Turner (Mont), 23, crowned 63rd Miss America
1990
1990 - 42nd Emmy Awards: LA Law, Murphy Brown, Peter Falk
& Patricia Wettig
1990 - Dennis Quaid & Meg Ryan wed
US President George H. W. BushUS President George H. W. Bush
1990 - Iraq televises an 8 minute uncensored speech from George Bush
1990 - Patty Sheehan wins LPGA SAFECO Golf Classic
1990 - Pirate Radio NY International begins transmissions on
WWCR
1991 - Atlanta's Otis Nixon suspended for rest of 1991 due
to cocaine
1991 - US trial of Panamanian leader Noriega begins
1991 - Norm Charlton suspended for 7 days for intentionally
hitting Steve Scioscia with a pitch
1992 - "Les Miserables," opens at Nuevo Apolo,
Madrid
1992 - 900 die in flood in Pakistan
1992 - FCC votes to allow competition for local phone
service
1993 - Minnesota Twins Dave Winfield, is 19th to get 3,000
hits
1994 - Fire Dept puts out smokey electrical fire in White
House
1995 - Greg Maddux of Braves sets record of 17 consecutive
road victory
1995 - Shawntel Smith (Okla), 24, crowned 69th Miss America
1996
1996 - 1st one-day international in Canada, India v Pakistan
at Toronto
1996 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Panama City FL
on WTBB 97.7 FM
Actress Meg RyanActress Meg Ryan 1996 - Paul Molitor of
Twins is 21st player to reach 3,000 hits
1996 - Space Shuttle STS 79 (Atlantis 17), launches into
space
1997 - ABL MVP Nikki McCray signs with WNBA
1997 - Apple Computer Inc names co-founder Steve Jobs
temporary CEO
1997 - Mark McGwire signs with the St Louis Cards for $26M
2000 - Sammy Sosa's becomes the second player to hit 50 or
more home runs in three consecutive years, joining Mark McGwire
2005 - Camorra boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples.
2007 - One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and
passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
2008 - Rentrer en soi announces that they would be breaking
up.
2012 - 8 female civilians are killed by a NATO airstrike in
Laghman, Afghanistan
2012 - 8 police officers are killed by a roadside bombing by
Kurdistan Workers' Party militants in Turkey
2012 - 14 people are killed and 7 wounded by a roadside bomb
Jandol, Turkey
2012 - Anti-Japanese protesters set fire to Panasonic plant
in Qingdao, China
2012 - Mayor of Chicago, Rahm Emanuel, seeks a court order
to resolve a week long teachers strike
2012 - NHL locks out its players after the expiry of the
collective bargaining agreement
1400 - Owain Glyndwr was proclaimed Prince of Wales after rebelling against English rule. He was the last Welsh-born Prince of Wales. 1620 - The Mayflower departed from Plymouth, England. The ship arrived at Provincetown, MA, on November 21st and then at Plymouth, MA, on December 26th. There were 102 passengers onboard. 1630 - The village of Shawmut changed its name to Boston. 1782 - The Great Seal of the United States was impressed on document to negotiate a prisoner of war agreement with the British. It was the first official use of the impression. 1810 - The Mexicans began a revolt against Spanish rule. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of Spanish descent, declared Mexico's independence from Spain in the small town of Dolores. 1893 - The "Cherokee Strip" in Oklahoma was swarmed by hundreds of thousands of settlers. 1908 - General Motors was founded by William Crapo "Billy" Durant. The company was formed by merging the Buick and Olds car companies. 1924 - Jim Bottomley knocked in 12 runs in a single game setting a major league baseball record. 1940 - U.S. President Roosevelt signed into law the Selective Training and Service Act, which set up the first peacetime military draft in U.S. history. 1940 - Samuel T. Rayburn of Texas was elected Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. He served for 17 years. 1941 - "The Arkansas Traveler" debuted on CBS Radio. The show was later renamed "The Bob Burns Show." 1953 - "The Robe" premiered at the Roxy Theater in New York. It was the first movie filmed in the wide screen CinemaScope process. 1953 - The St. Louis Browns of the American League were given permission to move to Baltimore, MD, where they became the Baltimore Orioles. 1963 - "The Outer Limits" premiered on ABC-TV. 1965 - "The Dean Martin Show" debuted on NBC-TV. 1968 - "The Andy Griffith Show" was seen for the final time on CBS. 1972 - "The Bob Newhart Show" premiered on CBS-TV. 1974 - U.S. President Ford announced a conditional amnesty program for draft-evaders and deserters during the Vietnam War. 1976 - The Episcopal Church formally approved women to be ordained as priests and bishops. 1982 - In west Beirut, the massacre of hundreds of Palestinian men, women and children began in refugee camps of the Lebanese Christian militiamen. 1985 - The Communist Party in China announced changes in leadership that were designed to bring younger officials into power. 1987 - The Montreal Protocol was signed by 24 countries in an effort to save the Earth's ozone layer by reducing emissions of harmful chemicals by the year 2000. 1988 - Tom Browning pitched the 12th perfect game in major league baseball. 1990 - An eight-minute videotape of an address by U.S. President George H.W. Bush was shown on Iraqi television. The message warned that action of Saddam Hussein could plunge them into a war "against the world." 1994 - Exxon Corporation was ordered by federal jury to pay $5 billion in punitive damages to the people harmed by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. 1994 - Two astronauts from the space shuttle Discovery went on the first untethered spacewalk in 10 years. 1998 - Universal paid $9 million for the rights to the Dr. Seuss classics "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" and "Oh, the Places You'll Go." 1998 - Meryl Streep received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1630 The Massachusetts village of Shawmut changed its name to Boston. 1810 Mexico began its revolt against Spanish rule. 1908 General Motors was founded by William C. Durant. 1919 The American Legion was incorporated by an act of Congress. 1940 The United States first adopted peacetime conscription when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act into law. 1974 President Ford announced conditional amnesty for Vietnam War deserters and draft evaders. 1975 Papua New Guinea became independent. 1982 Lebanese Christians massacred hundreds of Palestinian refugees in Beirut. 1987 The Montreal Protocol was signed by 25 nations, limiting production on substances that harm the ozone layer. To date, 168 nations have joined the protocol.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/sep16.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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