http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Oct 10, 1881: Darwin publishes work on mold and worms
On this day in 1881, Charles Darwin published The Formation of Vegetable Mold Through the Action of Worms. He considered the work a more important accomplishment than his The Origin of Species (1859), which turned out to be one of the most influential and controversial books in history.
Darwin, the privileged and well-connected son of a successful English doctor, had been interested in botany and natural sciences since his boyhood, despite the discouragement of his early teachers. At Cambridge, he found professors and scientists with similar interests and with their help began participating in scientific voyages, including the HMS Beagle's trip. By the time Darwin returned, he had developed an outstanding reputation as a field researcher and scientific writer, based on his many papers and letters dispatched from South America and the Galapagos Islands, which were read at meetings of prominent scientific societies in London.
Darwin began publishing studies of zoology and geology as soon as he returned from his voyage, while also secretly working on his radical theory of evolution. Knowing that scientists who had published radical theories before had been ostracized or worse, Darwin held off on publishing his theory of natural selection for nearly two decades. Meanwhile, he married and had seven children. He finally published The Origin of Species after another scientist began publishing papers with similar ideas. His book laid the groundwork for modern botany, cellular biology, and genetics. He died in 1882.
Oct 10, 1944: Eight hundred children are gassed to death at Auschwitz
On this day in 1944, 800 Gypsy children, including more than a hundred boys between 9 and 14 years old are systematically murdered.
Auschwitz was really a group of camps, designated I, II, and III. There were also 40 smaller "satellite" camps. It was at Auschwitz II, at Birkenau, established in October 1941, that the SS created a complex, monstrously orchestrated killing ground: 300 prison barracks; four "bathhouses," in which prisoners were gassed; corpse cellars; and cremating ovens. Thousands of prisoners were also used as fodder for medical experiments, overseen and performed by the camp doctor, Josef Mengele ("the Angel of Death").
A mini-revolt took place on October 7, 1944. As several hundred Jewish prisoners were being forced to carry corpses from the gas chambers to the furnace to dispose of the bodies, they blew up one of the gas chambers and set fire to another, using explosives smuggled to them from Jewish women who worked in a nearby armaments factory. Of the roughly 450 prisoners involved in the sabotage, about 250 managed to escape the camp during the ensuing chaos. They were all found and shot. Those co-conspirators who never made it out of the camp were also executed, as were five women from the armaments factory-but not before being tortured for detailed information on the smuggling operation. None of the women talked.
Gypsies, too, had been singled out for brutal treatment by Hitler's regime early on. Deemed "carriers of disease" and "unreliable elements who cannot be put to useful work," they were marked for extermination along with the Jews of Europe from the earliest years of the war. Approximately 1.5 million Gypsies were murdered by the Nazis. In 1950, as Gypsies attempted to gain compensation for their suffering, as were other victims of the Holocaust, the German government denied them anything, saying, "Gypsies have been persecuted under the Nazis not for any racial reason but because of an asocial and criminal record." They were stigmatized even in light of the atrocities committed against them.
Oct 10, 1957: President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to African diplomat
In the conclusion to an extremely embarrassing situation, President Dwight D. Eisenhower offers his apologies to Ghanian Finance Minister, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, who had been refused service at a restaurant in Dover, Delaware. It was one of the first of many such incidents in which African diplomats were confronted with racial segregation in the United States. While the matter might appear rather small relative to other events in the Cold War, the continued racial slights to African (and Asian) diplomats during the 1950s and 1960s were of utmost concern to U.S. officials. During those decades the United States and the Soviet Union were competing for the "hearts and minds" of hundreds of millions of people of color in Asia and Africa.
Racial discrimination in America--particularly when it was directed at representatives from those regions--was, as one U.S. official put it, the nation's "Achilles' heel." Matters continued to deteriorate during the early 1960s, when dozens of diplomats from new nations in Africa and Asia faced housing discrimination in Washington, D.C., as well as a series of confrontations in restaurants, barbershops, and other places of business in and around the area. It was clear that American civil rights had become an international issue.
Oct 10, 1973: Vice President Agnew resigns
Less than a year before Richard M. Nixon's resignation as president of the United States, Spiro Agnew becomes the first U.S. vice president to resign in disgrace. The same day, he pleaded no contest to a charge of federal income tax evasion in exchange for the dropping of charges of political corruption. He was subsequently fined $10,000, sentenced to three years probation, and disbarred by the Maryland court of appeals.
Agnew, a Republican, was elected chief executive of Baltimore County in 1961. In 1967, he became governor of Maryland, an office he held until his nomination as the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1968. During Nixon's successful campaign, Agnew ran on a tough law-and-order platform, and as vice president he frequently attacked opponents of the Vietnam War and liberals as being disloyal and un-American. Reelected with Nixon in 1972, Agnew resigned on October 10, 1973, after the U.S. Justice Department uncovered widespread evidence of his political corruption, including allegations that his practice of accepting bribes had continued into his tenure as U.S. vice president. He died at the age of 77 on September 17, 1996.
Under the process decreed by the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, President Nixon was instructed to the fill vacant office of vice president by nominating a candidate who then had to be approved by both houses of Congress. Nixon's appointment of Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan was approved by Congress and, on December 6, Ford was sworn in. He became the 38th president of the United States on August 9, 1974, after the escalating Watergate affair caused Nixon to resign
Oct 10, 1970: October Crisis in Canada
During the October Crisis, the Quebec Liberation Front (FLQ), a militant separatist group, kidnaps Quebec labor minister Pierre Laporte in Montreal. Five days earlier, FLQ terrorists had seized British trade commissioner James Richard Cross. In exchange for the lives of the men, the FLQ demanded the release of two dozen FLQ members convicted of various charges, including kidnappings, bombings, and arms theft.
Believing the situation to be out of control, the Quebec government asked the Canadian federal government to send troops to the French-Canadian province to help maintain order. Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau responded by proclaiming the War Powers Act, under which the FLQ was banned, some civil liberties were suspended, and thousands of troops were sent to Montreal. In a series of police raids, more than 400 Quebec separatists were taken into custody and held without charges. On October 18, the body of Pierre Laporte was found in the trunk of a car near Saint-Hubert Airport. The apartment building holding Cross and his kidnappers was discovered in late November. After a tense standoff, the kidnappers agreed to release Cross in return for safe passage to Cuba for themselves and their families. Cross was freed on December 4 after the group arrived in Cuba. Laporte's kidnappers were later arrested and convicted of kidnapping and murder.
The October Crisis was a rare period of violence during Quebec's Quiet Revolution, an otherwise peaceful effort by Quebecois politicians to gain greater autonomy within the English-dominated federation of Canada.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
680 - Al-Hussein and his followers killed at Karbala by army
of Yazid, the Umayyad caliph, on the way to Kufa
1375 - Westfriese sea wall breaks flooding northern
Netherlands
1471 - Battle of Brunkeberg Stockholm (Sten Sture beats
Christian I)
1549 - Duke of Somerset fired as Lord Protector &
imprisoned
1575 - Battle of Dormans: Roman Catholic forces under Duke
Henry of Guise defeated the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among
others.
1578 - Count Johan Casimir occupies Ghent with 500 horsemen
1631 - Saxon army occupies Prague
1695 - King Willem III escapes South Netherlands, back to
England
1720 - French government proclaims strike on banknotes
1733 - France declares war on emperor Charles VI
1760 - Suriname Colonial Regime signs treaty with Aukaners
(ex-slaves)
1780 - Great Hurricane of 1780 kills 20,000 to 30,000 in
Caribbean
1787 - Amsterdam surrenders to Prussian invasion army
1799 - Convention of Alkmaar: British/Russian invasion army
departs
1802 - 1st non-Indian settlement in Oklahoma
1839 - British troops under Gen Charles Napier occupy Beirut
1845 - Naval School (now called US Naval Academy) opens at
Annapolis
1846 - Alexis de Tocqueville writes about "Algerian
problem"
1846 - Neptune's moon Triton discovered by William Lassell
1854 - US Assay Office in NY City, NY opens
1857 - American Chess Association formed (NYC)
1863 - Skirmish at Blue Springs, Tennessee (166 casualties)
1865 - John Hyatts patents billard ball
1868 - 1st written account of a Canadian football game
1868 - Cuba revolts for independence against Spain
1874 - Fiji becomes a British possession
1886 - 1st dinner jacket (tuxedo) worn to autumn ball at
Tuxedo Park, NY
1888 - Teatotalers excursion train crushed, killing 64 (Mud
Run Pa)
1889 - Barnard College is founded.
1892 - Entire Hong Kong national cricket team dies in
shipwreck off Taiwan
1899 - IR Johnson patents bicycle frame
1902 - S Afr's president Paul Kruger visits Utrecht
1904 - Liberty Theater opens at 234 W 42nd St NYC
1904 - Yanks 2 games out play 1st place Red Sox on final day
doubleheader 41 game winner Chesbro loses 1st game & chance at pennant
1904 - Boston pitchers achieve 148 complete games-an AL
record, also record for total complete games AL 1,098, NL 1,089
1911 - Sun Yat-sen's revolutionaries overthrow Manchus
(Taiwan Natl Day)
1911 - The KCR East Rail commences service between Kowloon
and Canton.
1913 - British passenger ship Volturno catches fire in
Atlantic (136 killed)
1913 - Gamboa Dam in Panama blown up; Atlantic & Pacific
waters mix
1913 - Yuan Shikai installed as 1st president of China
1914 - German forces route Belgians in Antwerp Belgium (WW
I)
1916 - In Game 3, Charlie Ebbets becomes the 1st owner to
raise the price of World Series grandstand seats to $5-up from $3
1917 - Giants Rube Benton is 1st lefty to pitch a World
Series no hitter
1917 - Plymouth Theater opens at 236 W 45th St NYC
1918 - Baden's Geisz forms government
1919 - Richard Strauss & Hugo van Hofmannsthals
premieres in Vienna
1920 - 1st Grandslam in WS (Smith) & 1st unassisted
triple play (Wambsganss)
1920 - Indians' Elmer Smith hits baseball's 1st post-season
grand slam
1920 - Italy annexes South Tirol (Alto Adige)
1920 - Phoenix Cardinals (then in Chicago) play 1st NFL
game, a 0-0 tie
1920 - Indian Bill Wambsganns makes 1st unassisted World
Series triple play
1920 - Indian's Elmer Smith hits 1st World Series grand slam
1921 - NFL Decatur Staleys become Chicago Staleys, win 14-10
1923 - Saxony gets Social Democratic & Communist
coalition government
1923 - NY Giants & NY Yankees become 1st teams to play
each other for 3 consecutive World Series, also 1st played at Yankee Stadium
1924 - Ibn Saud of Nedzhed captures Mecca
1924 - Washington Senators win their 1st World Series beat
Giants in 7
1926 - St Louis Cards beat NY Yankees, 4 games to 3 in 23rd
World Series
1930 - AP votes Joe Cronin unofficial AL MVP & BWA names
Hack Wilson NL MVP
1930 - Yankees announce signing Joe McCarthy to manage for 4
years
1931 - A J Bennett hits H Garbarino for 1st scoring pass in
Canada's Big 4
1931 - St Louis Cards beat Phila A's, 4 games to 3 in 28th
World Series
1931 - William Waltons "Belshazzar's Feast,"
premieres in Leeds
1932 - "Betty & Bob" premieres on radio
1932 - Dnjepr Dam in USSR put into operation (world's
biggest)
1933 - 1st synthetic detergent, "Dreft" by Procter
& Gamble, goes on sale
1935 - "Porgy & Bess," by George Gershwin, NY
premiere
1935 - Coup under Gen Giorgios Kondylis in favor of Greek
monarchy
1935 - George Gershwin's "Porgy & Bess" opens
on Broadway
1935 - League of Nations denounces Italian invasion of Abyssinia
1936 - Bradman scores 212 in 202 mins in a cricket
testimonial game
1937 - NY Yankees beat Giants 4 games to 1 in 34th World
Series
1938 - Germany completed annexation of Czechoslovakia's
Sudetenland
1938 - Premier of Dmitri Shostakovitch's 1st String Quartet
1941 - German U-boat torpedoes US destroyer Kearney
1941 - RAF bombard Piraeus and prevent German heavy armor
advancement
1942 - 1,300 Austrian Jews transported to Theresienstadt
concentration camp
1943 - Chiang Kai-shek takes oath of office as president of
China
1943 - US bombers accidentally strike Enschede Neth, causing
151 deaths
1944 - Adm Halsey's Task Force 30 bombs Okinawa, 700 die
1944 - US takes Okinawa
1945 - Detroit Tigers beat Chicago Cubs, 4 games to 3 in
42nd World Series
1946 - Max Frisch' "Die Chinesische Mauer,"
premieres in Zurich
1947 - "Allegro" opens at Majestic Theater NYC for
318 performances
1947 - Rodgers & Hammerstein's musical
"Allegro," premieres in NYC
1948 - Then record 86,288 see game 5 of World Series in
Cleveland
1949 - 3rd NHL All-Star Game: All-Stars beat Toronto 3-1 at
Toronto
1951 - Yanks beat Giants 4 games to 2 in World Series,
DiMaggio's final game
Vietnamese Communist Revolutionary Ho Chi MinhVietnamese
Communist Revolutionary Ho Chi Minh 1954 - Ho Chi Minh enters Hanoi after
withdrawal of French troops
1956 - Fazal Mahmood takes 13-114 for match v Aus, Karachi
1956 - On Skowron's grand slammer NY Yanks beat Dodgers 9-0
in series game 7
1957 - Braves' Lew Burdette beats Yankees for 3rd time in 1
World Series
1957 - Milwaukee Braves beat NY Yankees, 4 games to 3 in
54th World Series
1957 - Pres Eisenhower apologizes to finance minister of
Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a Dover, Del,
restaurant
1957 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1957 - A fire at the Windscale nuclear plant in Cumbria, UK
becomes the world's first major nuclear accident.
1958 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1958 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1959 - "Happy Town" closes at 84th St Theater NYC
after 5 performances
1959 - Lee Harvey Oswald signs guestbook in hotel Helsinki
1959 - Pan Am begins regular flights around World
1960 - "Laughs & Other Events" opens at
Barrymore Theater NYC for 8 perfs
1960 - 16 California Poly football team members die in plane
crash in Toledo
Ex-soldier, drifter Lee Harvey OswaldEx-soldier, drifter Lee
Harvey Oswald 1960 - Cyclone hits coast of Gulf of Bengal; about 4000 die
1960 - Ron Stewart of Ottawa rushes for CFL-record 287 yards
1960 - WGTE TV channel 30 in Toledo, OH (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1961 - "Milk & Honey" opens at Martin Beck
Theater NYC for 543 performances
1961 - Expansion draft to stock Houston Astros & NY Mets
1961 - Otis M Smith appointed to Michigan Supreme Court
1961 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1962 - Indies assault up Chinese positions in North-India
attack
1963 - Dam bursts in Italy, 3,000+ die
1963 - Netherland population hits 12,000,000
1963 - Treaty banning atmospheric nuclear tests signed by
US, UK and USSR
1963 - France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to
Tunisia.
1964 - 18th NHL All-Star Game: All-Stars beat Toronto 3-2 at
Toronto
1964 - 18th modern Olympic games opens in Tokyo
1965 - "Drat! - The Cat!" opens at Martin Beck
Theater NYC for 8 performances
1965 - The Supremes appear on Ed Sullivan Show
1965 - "Vinland Map" is introduced by Yale
University as being the 1st known map of America, drawn about 1440 by Norse
explorer Lief Eriksson
Irish Poet and Playwright Brendan BehanIrish Poet and
Playwright Brendan Behan 1967 - Brendan Behans "Norstal Boy,"
premieres in Dublin
1968 - Detroit Tigers beat St Louis Cards, 4 games to 3 in
65th World Series
1968 - George Harrison forms Singsong Ltd
1968 - Lee Evans of US sets 400 meter record at 43.86
1968 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1970 - Fiji gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1971 - 1st game played at Philadelphia's Veteran Stadium,
Phils win 4-1
1971 - 5th Country Music Association Award: Charlie Pride
wins
1971 - Fenholt & Webber's musical "Jesus Christ
Superstar," premieres in NYC
1971 - Rain washes out Game 2, 1st World Series postponement
since 1962
1972 - Judy Rankin wins LPGA Heritage Village Golf Open
1973 - NY Mets beat Cin Reds in Game 5 of the NLCS
1973 - VP Spiro T Agnew pleads no contest to tax evasion
& resigns
1974 - A's Mike Andrews files $25 million lawsuit against
Charlie Finley
1974 - Canadian John Hathaway begins 2-yr ride of 50,600
miles
1974 - Labour Party wins British parliamentary election
1974 - US Gen George Brown's speech deplores Jewish
influence in US over his treatment during the 1973 World Series
1975 - Israel formally signs Sinai accord with Egypt
1976 - Beijing reports arrest of Mao Tse Tung's widow
1976 - NJ Meadowlands' Giant's Stadium opens
1976 - Greece's 98 year-old Dimitrion Yordanidis, is oldest
man to compete in a marathon; he finishes in 7:33
1977 - 11th Country Music Association Award: Ronnie Milsap
wins
1978 - Aerosmith's Steve Tyler & Joe Perry injured by a
cherry bomb
1978 - British pop magazine "Smash Hits," 1st
published
1978 - Congress approves Susan B Anthony Dollar
1978 - Daniel Arap Moi succeeds Kenyatta as president of
Kenya
1978 - Steve Perry joins Journey
1978 - Yanks & Dodgers play in World Series # 75
1979 - Fleetwood Mac gets a star in Hollywood
1979 - Nordiques' Real Cloutier sets NHL record of a hat
trick in 1st game
1979 - Panama assumes sovereignty over Canal Area (ie Canal
Zone)
1979 - Recorded trace of snow in Central Park NYC
1980 - 4,500 die when a pair of earthquakes strikes NW
Algeria
1980 - Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope network
dedicated
1980 - Yanks lose 4-2 & are swept by Royals in AL
Championship series
1981 - Anwar Sadat's funeral service is held in Cairo
1982 - Brewers beat Angels in ALCS
1982 - Hernan Siles Zuazo installed as president of Bolivia
264th Pope John Paul II264th Pope John Paul II 1982 - Pope
John Paul II canonizes Rev M Kolbe, who volunteered to die in place of another
inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp, a saint
1982 - US imposes sanctions against Poland for banning
Solidarity trade union
1983 - 17th Country Music Association Award: Alabama wins
1983 - Israel's Knesset votes 60-53 to endorse Yitzhak
Shamir as PM
1983 - Tom Monaghan becomes CEO of Detroit Tigers
1985 - Sudan adopts interim constitution
1985 - US fighter jets force Egyptian plane carrying
hijackers of Italian ship Achille Lauro to land in Italy, gunmen are placed in
custody
1986 - 7.5 Earthquake strikes San Salvador, El Salvador
1986 - Israel Prime Minister Shimon Peres resigns
1987 - Bruce Springsteen releases his 9th album "Tunnel
of Love"
1987 - Garfield Park Nature Center opens, latest in
Cleveland Metroparks
1987 - Giant's Jeffrey Leonard hits playoff record HR in his
4th cons game
1988 - 22nd Country Music Association Award: Highway 101, K
T Oslin win
1988 - Royals announce that Dick Howser, who underwent
surgery for a brain tumor in July, will return to manage the club in 1989
1990 - Oakland A's sweep Red Sox in 4 games to win ALCS
1990 - US 67th manned space mission STS 41 (Discovery 11)
returns from space
1991 - Ex-postal worker Joseph Harris kills 4 postal workers
1991 - Greyhound Bus ends bankruptcy
1991 - US cuts all foreign aid to Haiti
1992 - Floriade (Flower Show) closes at Hague, Netherlands
1993 - Browns Najee Mustafaa sets club rec for longest
interception (97 yds)
1993 - Ferry boat leaves for west coast of South Korea, 120
killed
1994 - Lt-general Raoul Cedras resigns as dictator of Haiti
1994 - MPAA chief Jack Valenti holds meeting to determine
new movie ratings
1994 - NY Giants retire Lawrence Taylor's #56
1994 - Nobel prize for physiology awarded to Alfred Gilman
& Martin Rodbell
1994 - Value of Russian ruble decreases, 3081 rubles per
dollar
1995 - "Garden District" opens at Circle in the Sq
Theater NYC
1995 - Israel begins W Bank pullback, frees hundreds of
Palestinian prisoners
1995 - Most Dutch telephone numbers increase to 10 digits
1995 - Robert E Lucas awarded Nobel Prize in economics
1996 - "Sex & Longing" opens at Cort Theater
NYC
1996 - Cornerstone dedication for Holocaust Museum in NYC
1997 - An Austral Airlines DC-9-32 crashes and explodes near
Nuevo Berlin, Uruguay, killing 74.
2005 - Negotiations between the CDU/CSU and SPD in Germany
had concluded that both parties would form a grand coaltion with Angela Merkel
of the CDU as chancellor after both parties lost seats in the 2005 German
federal election. She was subsequently elected in the Bundestag as chancellor
on November 22 of the same year.
2009 - After having closed borders for about two hundred
years, Armenia and Turkey sign protocols in Zurich, Switzerland to open their
borders.
2010 - The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved.
Physician-scientist Robert LefkowitzPhysician-scientist
Robert Lefkowitz 2012 - Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka win the 2012 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry for work on G protein-coupled receptors
1845 - The United States Naval Academy opened in Annapolis, MD. 1865 - The billiard ball was patented by John Wesley Hyatt. 1886 - The tuxedo dinner jacket made its U.S. debut in New York City. 1887 - Thomas Edison organized the Edison Phonograph Company. 1911 - China's Manchu dynasty was overthrown by revolutionaries under Sun Yat-sen. 1913 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggered the explosion of the Gamboa Dike that ended the construction of the Panama Canal. 1928 - "Hold Everything" opened on Broadway. 1932 - "Betty and Bob" began on radio. 1932 - "Judy and Jane" began on radio. 1933 - Dreft, the first synthetic detergent, went on sale. 1937 - The Mutual Broadcasting System debuted "Thirty Minutes in Hollywood". 1938 - Nazi Germany completed its annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. 1943 - Chaing Kai-shek took the oath of office as the president of China. 1957 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologized to Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, the finance minister of Ghana, after the official had been refused service in a Dover, DE, restaurant. 1959 - Pan American World Airways announced the beginning of the first global airline service. 1963 - A dam burst in Italy killing 3,000 people. 1965 - The Red Baron made his first appearance in the "Peanuts" comic strip. 1973 - Fiji became independent after of nearly a century of British rule. 1977 - Joe Namath played the last game of his National Football League (NFL) career. 1978 - The U.S. bill authorizing the Susan B. Anthony dollar was signed by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. 1984 - The U.S. Congress passed the 2nd Boland Amendment which outlawed solicitation of 3rd-party countries to support the Contras. The amendment barred the use of funds available to CIA, defense, or intelligence agencies for "supporting, directly or indirectly, military or paramilitary operations in Nicaragua by any nation, group, organization or individual." 1987 - Tom McClean finished rowing across the Atlantic Ocean. It set the record at 54 days and 18 hours. 1991 - The United States cut all foreign aid to Haiti in reaction to a military coup that forced President Jean-Claude Aristide into exile. 1994 - Lt. Gen. Raoul Cedras resigned as Haiti's commander-in-chief of the army and pledged to leave the country. 1994 - Iraq announced it was withdrawing its forces from the Kuwaiti border. No signs of a pullback were observed. 1995 - Gary Kasparov won a chess championship against Viswanathan Anand that had lasted about a month. 1997 - The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, opened to the public. Architect Frank Gehry designed the 450 ft. long and 98 ft. wide building. 2001 - U.S. President George W. Bush presented a list of 22 most wanted terrorists. 2003 - Rush Limbaugh annouced that he was addicted to painkillers and that he was going to check into a rehab center. 2010 - In China, Canton Tower opened to the public.
1845 The U.S. Naval Academy opened in Annapolis, Md. 1886 The tuxedo dinner jacket made its debut at a ball in Tuxedo Park, N.Y. 1911 Sun Yat-sen's revolutionaries overthrew the Manchu dynasty in China. 1935 George Gershwin's opera Porgy and Bess debuted on Broadway. 1943 Chiang Kai-shek took the oath of office as president of China. 1970 Fiji gained its independence from Great Britain. 1973 Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned after being charged with tax evasion. 1985 Actor and director Orson Welles died in Hollywood at age 70. 2001 California representative Nancy Pelosi became minority whip. 2002 The US Congress gave President Bush authorization to use military force against Iraq.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/oct10.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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