http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Oct 23, 1956: Hungarian protest turns violent
Thousands of Hungarians erupt in protest against the Soviet presence in their nation and are met with armed resistance. Organized demonstrations by Hungarian citizens had been ongoing since June 1956, when signs of political reform in Poland raised the possibility for such changes taking place in their own nation. On October 23, however, the protests erupted into violence as students, workers, and even some soldiers demanded more democracy and freedom from what they viewed as an oppressive Soviet presence in Hungary.
Hungarian leader Erno Gero, an avowed Stalinist, only succeeded in inflaming the crowds with praise for the Soviet Union's policies. Furious fighting broke out in Budapest between the protesters and Hungarian security forces and Soviet soldiers. In the next few days, hundreds of protesters in Budapest and other Hungarian cities were killed in these battles. Gero appealed for additional Soviet assistance and this was forthcoming in the form of an armored division that rolled into Budapest. Street fighting escalated in response to the Russian show of force. In an attempt to quell the disturbances, Communist Party officials in Hungary appointed Imre Nagy (who had earlier fallen out of favor with Party members) as the new premier. Nagy asked the Soviets to withdraw their troops from the capital so that he could restore order. Russian forces complied and withdrew from Budapest by November 1, but tensions remained high.
Oct 23, 1983: Beirut barracks blown up
A suicide bomber drives a truck packed with explosives into the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, killing 241 U.S. military personnel. That same morning, 58 French soldiers were killed in their barracks two miles away in a separate suicide terrorist attack. The U.S. Marines were part of a multinational force sent to Lebanon in August 1982 to oversee the Palestinian withdrawal from Lebanon. From its inception, the mission was plagued with problems--and a mounting body count.
In 1975, a bloody civil war erupted in Lebanon, with Palestinian and leftist Muslim guerrillas battling militias of the Christian Phalange Party, the Maronite Christian community, and other groups. During the next few years, Syrian, Israeli, and United Nations interventions failed to resolve the factional fighting, and on August 20, 1982, a multinational force including 800 U.S. Marines was ordered to Beirut to help coordinate the Palestinian withdrawal.
The Marines left Lebanese territory on September 10 but returned in strengthened numbers on September 29, following the massacre of Palestinian refugees by a Christian militia. The next day, the first U.S. Marine to die during the mission was killed while defusing a bomb. Other Marines fell prey to snipers. On April 18, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a van devastated the U.S. embassy in Beirut, killing 63 people, including 17 Americans. Then, on October 23, a Lebanese terrorist plowed his bomb-laden truck through three guard posts, a barbed-wire fence, and into the lobby of the Marines Corps headquarters in Beirut, where he detonated a massive bomb, killing 241 marine, navy, and army personnel. The bomb, which was made of a sophisticated explosive enhanced by gas, had an explosive power equivalent to 18,000 pounds of dynamite. The identities of the embassy and barracks bombers were not determined, but they were suspected to be Shiite terrorists associated with Iran.
After the barracks bombing, many questioned whether President Ronald Reagan had a solid policy aim in Lebanon. Serious questions also arose over the quality of security in the American sector of war-torn Beirut. The U.S. peacekeeping force occupied an exposed area near the airport, but for political reasons the marine commander had not been allowed to maintain a completely secure perimeter before the attack. In a national address on October 23, President Reagan vowed to keep the marines in Lebanon, but just four months later he announced the end of the American role in the peacekeeping force. On February 26, 1984, the main force of marines left Lebanon, leaving just a small contingent to guard the U.S. embassy in Beirut.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the
calculations of Archbishop James Ussher
42 BC - Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of
Philippi - Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian.
Brutus commits suicide.
425 - Valentinian III is elevated to Roman Emperor, at the
age of 6.
502 - The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric
the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of
Antipope Laurentius.
585 - Burgundy king Guntram opens synod of Mâcon (Mastico)
787 - Byzantine empress Irene recovers Iconclastic cult at
Nicaea
1086 - Battle of az-Zallaqah: Army of Yusuf ibn Tashfin
defeats the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI
1091 - Tornado (possible T8/F4) strikes the heart of London
killing 2 and demolishing the then wooden London Bridge
1157 - The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the civil war in
Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I restores the country.
1229 - Otto II becomes earl of Gelre
1520 - King Carlos I crowned, German emperor Charles V
1588 - Medina Sidonia's Spanish Armada returns to Santander
1641 - Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 - Catholic
uprising in Ulster
1642 - Battle at Edgeville (Warwick): King Charles I vs
English parliament
1644 - Sea battle of Fehmarn Sont: Adm Thijssen beats Denen
1668 - Jews of Barbados forbidden to engage in retail trade
1679 - Meal Tub Plot against James II of England
1681 - French troops under King Louis XIV occupy Staatsburg
1684 - Colony Massachusetts under authority of English crown
mounted
The Sun King Louis XIVThe Sun King Louis XIV 1690 - Revolt
in Haarlem after public ban on smoking
1694 - American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps,
fail to seize Quebec.
1702 - -24] Battle in Bay of Vigo: Neth/Engl fleet destroy
Span/French fleet
1739 - War of Jenkins' Ear starts: British Prime Minister,
Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on Spain.
1760 - 1st Jewish prayer books printed in US
1775 - Continental Congress approves resolution barring
blacks from army
1790 - Slaves revolt in Haiti (later suppressed)
1805 - Sailing ship "Aeneus" sinks off
Newfoundland killing 340
1812 - Failed coup against emperor Napoleon
1813 - The Pacific Fur Company trading post in Astoria,
Oregon is turned over to the rival British North West Company (the fur trade in
the Pacific Northwest was dominated for the next three decades by the United
Kingdom).
1814 - 1st plastic surgery is performed (England)
1824 - 1st steam locomotive is introduced
1853 - Maastricht-Aken railway in Neth opens
1854 - The Times give precise British positions in Krim
1864 - Battle of Westport, Missouri: Union General Samuel R
Curtis defeats Confederate General Stirling Price
1867 - 72 Senators are summoned by Royal Proclamation to
serve as the first members of the Canadian Senate.
1871 - Columbia & Sappho (US) beat Livonia (UK) in 3rd
America's Cup
1876 - New Orleans Mint reopens as an assay office
1884 - 1st World Series OKed by AA, Providence (NL) beats NY
Mets (AA) 6-0
1886 - St Louis Browns win World Championship by beating
Chicago 4-3 in 10
1888 - Pelham Bay Park in Bronx, vested
1890 - Opera "Prince Igor" is produced (St
Petersburg)
1893 - C Dazey's "In Old Kentucky" premieres in
NYC (27 seasons)
1905 - Edward Milton Royle's "Squaw Man,"
premieres in NYC
1910 - Blanche Scott became 1st woman solo a public airplane
flight
1910 - Phila A's beat Chicago Cubs 4 games to 1 in 7th World
Series
1910 - Ritz Hotel in Madrid opens: 200 chambers/100 bathtubs
1915 - 1st national horseshoe throwing championship (Kellerton,
Iowa)
1915 - 25,000 women march in NYC, demanding right to vote
1917 - 1st Infantry division "Big Red One" shoots
1st US shot in WW I
Marxist Revolutionary Vladimir LeninMarxist Revolutionary
Vladimir Lenin 1917 - Lenin speaks against Kamenev, Kollontai, Stalin &
Trotsky
1919 - Romberg & Atteridge's musical "Passing
Show," premieres in NYC
1920 - Chicago grand jury indicts Abe Attell, Hal Chase,
& Bill Burns as go-betweens in Black Sox World Series scandal
1921 - Green Bay Packers play 1st NFL game, 7-6 win over
Minneapolis
1921 - Leos Janacek's opera "Kat'a Kabanova,"
premieres in Brno
1922 - Channing Pollock's "Fool," premieres in NYC
1922 - Conservative A Bonar forms new government in England
1923 - Babe Ruth makes a postseason exhibition appearance in
a Giants uniform
1923 - Giants defeat Balt Orioles 9-0 to benefit former
Giants owner John Day
1927 - Town of Netanya Israel founded by Nathan Strauss
1932 - "Fred Allen Show" premieres on radio
1932 - Pieter G Marais, S Afr minister of Education/Development
aid
1934 - Jean Piccard & Jeanette Ridlen attain balloon
height of 17.341 m (rec)
1935 - Gabby Hartnett selected NL MVP
1935 - Johnny Revolta wins PGA golf tournament
Baseball Great Babe RuthBaseball Great Babe Ruth 1935 -
Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard "Lulu"
Rosencrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey in what will
become known as The Chophouse Massacre.
1941 - Walt Disney's "Dumbo" released
1942 - 1st ships of invasion fleet to Morocco leave Norfolk
1942 - During WW II, Britain launches major offensive at El
Alamein, Egypt
1942 - German units go through Red October-factory in
Stalingrad
1942 - All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an American
Airlines DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a U.S. Army Air Forces
bomber near Palm Springs, California. Amongst the victims is award-winning
composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory",
"Love in Bloom", "Blue Hawaii").
1943 - 1st Jewish transport out of Rome reaches camp
Birkenau
1943 - Burma railway opens
1944 - 1st Central Kitchen opens in Amsterdam
1944 - Gulf of Leyte battle begin
1944 - Soviet army invades Hungary
1944 - Vice-adm Kurita's sailboat Atago sinks
1945 - Jackie Robinson signs Montreal Royal contract
1946 - UN General Assembly 2nd session convenes (1st
NYC-Flushing Meadows)
1947 - NAACP petition on racism, "An Appeal to the
World" presented to UN
Baseball Player Jackie RobinsonBaseball Player Jackie
Robinson 1947 - Husband & wife Dr Carl Cori & Dr Gerty Cori are 1st
spouses to be awarded joint Nobel Prizes
1953 - France grants Laos' sovereignty
1953 - German FR applies to NATO
1953 - WTRF TV channel 7 in Wheeling-Steubenville, WV (CBS)
1st broadcast
1954 - Britain, England, France & USSR agree to end occupation
of Germany
1954 - German FR joins NATO
1954 - Pakistan governor-general Ghoelan Mohammed disbands
parliament
1954 - WSAU TV channel 7 in Wausau, WI (CBS) begins
broadcasting
1955 - Dominican League moves to winter baseball for 1st
time
1956 - 1st video recording on magnetic tape televised
coast-to-coast
1956 - Revolt against Stalinist policies begins in Hungary
1956 - Thousands of Hungarians protest against the
government and Soviet occupation. (The Hungarian Revolution is crushed on
November 4).
1957 - 1st test firing of Vanguard satellite launch vehicle,
TV-3
1958 - De Gaulle offers Algerians defiance "peace of
the brave"
1958 - Soviet novelist Boris Pasternak, wins Nobel Prize for
Literature
Novelist & Poet Boris PasternakNovelist & Poet Boris
Pasternak 1958 - USSR lends money to UAR to build Aswan High Dam
1958 - The Springhill Mine Bump - An underground earthquake
traps 174 miners in the No. 2 colliery at Springhill, Nova Scotia, the deepest
coal mine in North America at the time. By November 1, rescuers from around the
world had dug out 100 of the victims, marking the death toll at 74.
1959 - Chinese troops move into India, 17 die
1961 - "Kwamina" opens at 54th St Theater NYC for
32 performances
1961 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1962 - Adlai Stevenson speaks at UN about Cuba crisis
1962 - USAF Major Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 40,800m
1962 - WCIV TV channel 4 in Charleston, SC (NBC) begins
broadcasting
1963 - Neil Simon's "Barefoot in the Park,"
premieres in NYC
1964 - Japanese beat Russian for 1st Olympic Gold in woman's
volleyball
1964 - Time Magazine uses term "op art" for 1st
time
1966 - Sandra Spuzich/Jack Rule wins Haig & Haig Scotch
Mixed Foursome Golf
1967 - "Henry, Sweet Henry" opens at Palace
Theater NYC for 80 performances
1967 - NJ Americans (later NY/NJ Nets) play 1st ABA game
1968 - "Maggie Flynn" opens at ANTA Theater NYC
for 82 performances
1968 - Kip Keino (Kenya) wins gold medal for 1,500m (3 min
34.9 sec)
1969 - "Jimmy" opens at Winter Garden Theater NYC
for 84 performances
1970 - Gary Gabelich sets auto speed record 622.4 mph (1,001
kph)
1971 - WXLT (now WWSB) TV channel 40 in Sarasota-Bradenton,
FL (ABC) begins
1972 - "Pippin" opens at Imperial Theater NYC for
1944 performances
1972 - Access credit cards introduced in Great Britain
1972 - WNJS TV channel 23 in Camden, NJ (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1973 - Nixon agrees to turn over White House tape recordings
to Judge Sirica
1973 - UN's revised International Telecommunication
Convention adopted
1973 - Yankee GM & pres Lee MacPhail named AL president
1974 - Cubs trade Billy Williams to A's for Manny Trillo,
Knowles & Locker
1974 - Lake Isaac in Cleveland Metroparks' Big Creek
Reservation dedicated
1975 - Battle between Cuba & South Africa troops in
Angola
1975 - Islander Glenn Resch's 5th shut-out opponent-Flyers
3-0
1977 - 7th NYC Women's Marathon won by Miki Gorman in
2:43:10
1977 - 8th NYC Marathon won by Bill Rodgers in 2:11:38
1977 - Panamanians vote 2:1 to approve new Canal treaties
1977 - Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces that
34-billion-year-old one-celled fossils, the earliest life forms, had been
discovered
1978 - CBS raises LP prices to $8.98
1978 - China & Japan formally ends 4 decades of
dissension
Musician Sid ViciousMusician Sid Vicious 1978 - Sid Vicious
attempts suicide while at Riker's Detention Center in NYC
1979 - Billy Martin is involved in a barroom altercation
with Joseph Cooper, a Minn marshmallow salesman. Cooper requires 15 stitches
1980 - "Tintypes" opens at John Golden Theater NYC
for 93 performances
1980 - McCosker (168) & Dyson (152) make 319 opening
stand cricket, NSW v WA
1980 - Soviet PM Nikolai Tichonov succeeds Alexei Kosygin,
due to illness
1981 - US national debt hits $1 trillion
1983 - 13th NYC Women's Marathon won by Grete Waitz in
2:27:00
1983 - 14th NYC Marathon won by Rod Dixon in 2:08:59
1983 - 400,000 demonstrate in Brussels, against cruise
missile
1983 - Suicide terrorist truck bomb kills 243 US personnel
in Beirut
1984 - Cubs Rick Sutcliffe, selected as a unanimous choice
as NL Cy Young
1984 - NBC airs BBC footage of Ethiopian famine
1984 - STS 51-A launch vehicle moves to launch pad
1987 - Dutch government gives Fokker's Aircraft
Ÿ212 million credit
1987 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1987 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1988 - Boston Celtics play Spain in Madrid
1988 - Robert Bork's supreme court nomination rejected by US
Senate
1989 - Browns' Bernie Kosar sets club record with a 97-yard
TD pass
1989 - George Harrison releases "Best of Dark Horse
1976-89" album
1989 - Hungary proclaims itself a republic & declares
communist rule ended
1989 - US 62nd manned space mission STS 34 (Atlantis 5)
returns from space
1989 - William Nicholson's "Shadowlands,"
premieres in London
1990 - Iraq announces release of 330 French hostages
1991 - "Les Miserables," opens at Mogador Theatre,
Paris
1991 - Clarence Thomas, sworn in as Supreme Court Justice
1991 - Dr Jack Kevorkian's suicide machine kills 2 women
1992 - Emperor Akihito becomes the first Emperor of Japan to
stand on Chinese soil.
1993 - 7 killed by IRA-bomb attack in Belfast
1993 - Paramilitia kills 22 demonstrators at Bijbihara
Kashmir
1993 - Tor Blue Jays beat Philadelphia Phillies, 4 games to
2, in 89th World Series
1994 - 3rd Solheim Cup: US beats Europe, 13-7 at Greenbrier
WV
1996 - NY Yankees set record by coming back from 6-0 in
World Series game to beat Atlanta Braves 8-6, also set record of 7th straight
road win
1997 - "Triumph of Love," opens at Royale Theater
NYC
1997 - At 6:11 AM San Francisco experiences a black out
1997 - Dow Jones drops 186.88 pts
1997 - Les Alexander, owner of Houston Rockets buys NHL's
Edmonton Oilers
Palestinian Leader Yasser ArafatPalestinian Leader Yasser
Arafat 1998 - Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat reach a "land for
peace" agreement.
2001 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern
Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks.
2001 - Apple releases the iPod.
2002 - Moscow Theatre Siege begins: Chechen rebels seize the
House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers
hostage.
2004 - A powerful earthquake and its aftershocks hit Niigata
prefecture, northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving
85,000 homeless or evacuated.
2009 - The United Nations "Rotterdam Rules"
convention regulating international maritime carriage of goods is ratified with
its twentieth signature.
2011 - A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes Van
Province, Turkey, killing 582 people and injuring thousands.
2012 - 12 people are killed and 40 are injured in a hospital
fire in Tainan, Taiwan
1864 - During the U.S. Civil War, Union forces led by Gen. Samuel R. Curtis defeated the Confederate forces in Missouri that were under Gen. Stirling Price. 1910 - Blanche S. Scott became the first woman to make a public solo airplane flight in the United States. 1915 - The first U.S. championship horseshoe tourney was held in Kellerton, IA. 1915 - Approximately 25,000 women demanded the right to vote with a march in New York City, NY. 1929 - In the U.S., the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged starting the stock-market crash that began the Great Depression. 1930 - J.K. Scott won the first miniature golf tournament. The event was held in Chattanooga, TN. 1942 - During World War II, the British began a major offensive against Axis forces at El Alamein, Egypt. 1944 - During World War II, the Battle of Leyte Gulf began. 1946 - The United Nations General Assembly convened in New York for the first time. 1956 - Hungarian citizens began an uprising against Soviet occupation. On November 4, 1956 Soviet forces enter Hungary and eventually suppress the uprising. 1956 - NBC broadcasted the first videotape recording. The tape of Jonathan Winters was seen coast to coast in the U.S. 1958 - Russian poet and novelist Boris Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. He was forced to refuse the honor due to negative Soviet reaction. Pasternak won the award for writing "Dr. Zhivago". 1962 - During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. naval "quarantine" of Cuba was approved by the Council of the Organization of American States (OAS). 1962 - The U.S. Navy reconnaissance squadron VFP-62 began overflights of Cuba under the code name "Blue Moon." 1971 - The U.N. General Assembly voted to expel Taiwan and seat Communist China. 1973 - U.S. President Richard M. Nixon agreed to turn over the subpoenaed tapes concerning the Watergate affair. 1978 - China and Japan formally ended four decades of hostility when they exchanged treaty ratifications. 1980 - The resignation of Soviet Premier Alexei N. Kosygin was announced. 1984 - "NBC Nightly News" aired footage of the severe drought in Ethiopia. 1985 - U.S. President Reagan arrived in New York to address the U.N. General Assembly. 1989 - Hungary became an independent republic, after 33 years of Soviet rule. 1992 - Japanese Emperor Akihito became the first Japanese emperor to stand on Chinese soil. 1993 - Joe Carter (Toronto Blue Jays) became only the second player to end the World Series with a homerun. 1995 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin and U.S. President Bill Clinton agree to a joint peacekeeping effort in the war-torn Bosnia. 1998 - Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat reach a breakthrough in a land-for-peace West Bank accord. 1998 - Japan nationalized its first bank since World War II. 2000 - Universal Studios Consumer Products Group (USCPG) and Amblin Entertainment announced an unprecedented and exclusive three-year worldwide merchandising program with Toys "R" Us, Inc. The deal was for the rights to exclusive "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial" merchandise starting in fall 2001. The film was scheduled for re-release in the spring of 2002.
1915 25,000 women marched in New York City, demanding the right to vote. 1946 The United Nations General Assembly convened in New York for the first time. 1973 President Richard Nixon agreed to turn White House tape recordings requested by the Watergate special prosecutor over to Judge John J. Sirica. 1983 A suicide truck-bombing at Beirut International airport in Lebanon killed 241 U.S. Marines and sailors. 2002 Chechen rebels seized a crowded Moscow theater, taking hundreds hostage. Russian forces stormed the building the next day. 2003 Madame Chiang Kai-shek died at age 105.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/oct23.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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