http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Nov 7, 1944: FDR wins unprecedented fourth term
On this day in 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected to an unprecedented fourth term in office. FDR remains the only president to have served more than two terms.
Roosevelt rose above personal and political challenges to emerge as one of the nation's most revered and influential presidents. In 1921, at the age of 29, he contracted polio and thereafter was burdened with leg braces; eventually, he was confined to a wheelchair. From the time he was first elected to the presidency in 1932 to mid-1945, when he died while in office, Roosevelt presided over two of the biggest crises in U.S. history: the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II. FDR implemented drastic and oft-criticized legislation to help boost America out of the Great Depression. Although he initially tried to avoid direct U.S. involvement in World War II, which began in 1939, the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941 thrust American headlong into the conflict.
By the time Roosevelt was elected to his fourth term, the war had taken a turn in favor of the Allies, but FDR's health was already on the decline. His arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) had been worsened by the stress of serving as a war-time president. In April 1945, seven months before the war finally ended in an Allied victory, FDR died of a stroke at his vacation home in Warm Springs, Georgia.
In 1947, with President Harry Truman, Roosevelt's vice president, in office, Congress proposed a law that would limit presidents to two consecutive terms. Up to that time, presidents had either voluntarily followed George Washington's example of serving a maximum of two terms, or were unsuccessful in winning a third. (In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran for a third non-consecutive term, but lost.) In 1951, the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was passed, officially limiting a president's tenure in office to two terms of four years each.
Nov 7, 1913: French novelist Albert Camus is born
On this day, Albert Camus, future Nobel Prize winner, is born in Algiers to a working-class family.
Camus was a good student and a dedicated athlete who won a scholarship to a prestigious French high school in Algiers. His sporting endeavors were ended at age 17 by an attack of tuberculosis. Instead of pursuing an athletic career, he took a degree at the University of Algiers. He intended to become a philosophy teacher, but another bout of tuberculosis prevented him from taking a position. He became involved with a theater group in Algiers, writing and producing plays, while he also worked as a journalist. At age 25, he moved to France. During World War II, he joined the French Resistance and wrote for a liberal newspaper. He continued political journalism until 1947, while also writing plays, novels, and philosophical essays.
In 1942, his essay "The Myth of Sisyphus" set out the philosophical questions that he would also address in his novels. He analyzed nihilism and the absurdity and futility of human labor given the inevitability of death. Camus argued that man must make his own meaning by enjoying his efforts and struggles, despite their ultimate lack of significance. He continued to explore these themes in his first novel, The Stranger (1942). In his 1947 novel, The Plague, his characters maintain dignity and loyalty in the face of an epidemic in an Algerian town. In his later novels, essays, and plays, he explored the search for moral order. Camus won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1957. In 1960, after accepting a ride from strangers while hitchhiking, Camus was killed in a car wreck at age 46.
Nov 7, 1964: U.S. intelligence asserts numbers of North Vietnamese in South Vietnam growing
The latest U.S. intelligence analysis claims that Communist forces in South Vietnam now include about 30,000 professional full-time soldiers, many of whom are North Vietnamese. Before this, it was largely reported that the war was merely an internal insurgent movement in South Vietnam opposed to the government in Saigon. This information discredited that theory and indicated that the situation involves North and South Vietnam.
In Saigon, the South Vietnamese government banned the sale of the current issue of Newsweek because it carried a photograph showing a Viet Cong prisoner being tortured by South Vietnamese army personnel.
Nov 7, 1966: McNamara shouted down at Harvard speech
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara faces a storm of student protest when he visits Harvard University to address a small group of students. As he left a dormitory, about 100 demonstrators shouted at him and demanded a debate. When McNamara tried to speak, supporters of the Students for a Democratic Society shouted him down. McNamara then attempted to leave, but 25 demonstrators crowded around his automobile so that it could not move. Police intervened and escorted McNamara from the campus.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
680 - 3rd Council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical council)
opens
921 - Treaty of Bonn: East France & West France
recognize each other
1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a
known date of impact, strikes the earth around noon in a wheat field outside
the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France.
1512 - Medici's discharge Niccolo Machiavelli from Florence
1519 - University of Leuven convicts teaching of Luther
1558 - French king Henri II occupies Calais
1631 - Pierre Gassendi observes transit of Mercury predicted
by Kepler
1637 - Anne Hutchinson banished from Mass bay colony as a
heretic
1651 - King Louis XIV of France (13) declared of full age
1659 - Peace of Pyreneeen: French king Louis XIV and
Spanish king Philip IV
1665 - 1st edition of "London Gazette"
1667 - Jean Racines "Andromaque," premieres in
Paris
1722 - Richard Steele's "Conscious Lovers,"
premieres in London
1733 - France & Spain sign Escoriaal Treaty
1747 - Organgist in Netherlands revolt under Daniel Raap
1775 - Lord Dunmore, promises freedom to male slaves who
join British army
1786 - The oldest musical organization in the United States
is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.
1794 - French troops conquer Nijmegen
1805 - Lewis and Clark sight Pacific Ocean
1811 - Battle of
Tippecanoe: Gen. William Henry Harrison defeated the Native Americans of the
Tecumesh Confederation
1814 - 1st sitting of States-general in Hague
1820 - James Monroe elected 5th US president
1824 - St Petersburg flood
1831 - State pf Gran Colombia disbands
1837 - In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P.
Lovejoy shot dead (age 34) by pro-slavery mob while attempting to protect his
printing shop from being destroyed a third time.
1848 - General Zachary Taylor elected as 12th President of
US
1861 - Battle of Belmont, MO
1861 - Battle of Port Royal Bay, SC (Ft Walker, Ft
Beauregard)
1863 - Battle of Rappahannock Station & Kelly's Ford, VA
1864 - 2nd session of congress of Confederate States of
America reconvenes
1872 - Cargo ship Mary Celeste sails from NY to Genoa;
mysteriously found abandoned 4 weeks later
1874 - 1st cartoon depicting elephant as Republican Party
symbol, by Thomas Nast
1875 - Verney Cameron is 1st European to cross equitorial
Africa
1876 - Edward Bouchet, is 1st black to receive a PhD from a
US college (Yale)
Political Cartoonist Thomas Nast 1876 - Meharry Medical
College forms at Central Tennesse College
1876 - Pres Rutherford B Hayes & Samuel J Tilden claim
presidential victory Tilden (D) wins election but Electoral college selects
Hayes (R)
1885 - Canadian Pacific Railway completed at Craigellachie
1893 - US State Colorado accepts female suffrage
1900 - Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the
Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.
1907 - Dynamite explodes on locomotive kills engineer Jesus
Garcia in Mexico
1907 - Test tokens are struck in 1st production of Canadian
coins
1907 - Delta Sigma Pi is founded at New York University.
1908 - Dutch capture Venezuelan navy
1909 - Knights & Ladies of St Peter Claver organizes in
Mobile, Alabama
1910 - The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to
Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright Brothers and department store owner
Max Moorehouse.
1912 - The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin)
opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of
Beethoven's Fidelio.
1914 - Japanese attack German concession on Chinese
peninsula of Shanghai
1914 - The first issue of The New Republic magazine is
published.
1914 - The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at
Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces.
1915 - Austrian submarine torpedoes Italian passenger ship
(272 kill)
1916 - Grand duke Nikolai Nikolayevich warns czar of
uprising
1st Woman Elected to Congress Jeannette Rankin 1916 -
Jeannette Rankin (Rep-R-Mont) elected to Congress as its 1st woman
Representative
1916 - Woodrow Wilson (D) re-elected president
1917 - British capture Gaza Palestine from Turks
1917 - October Revolution (Oct 26 OS) in Russia, Lenin
seizes power
1918 - Robert Goddard demonstrates tube-launched solid
propellant rockets
1918 - United Press erroneously reports WW I armistice had
been signed
1918 - Vladimir Mayakovsky's "Misteriya Buff,"
premieres in Petrograd
1918 - The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa,
killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.
1918 - Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the
Kingdom of Bavaria.
1919 - US police raid offices of Union of Russian Workers
1921 - Ed Wynn's musical "Perfect Fool," premieres
in NYC
1925 - Italians liberal-national party joins fascist
1928 - Herbert Hoover (R) elected president
1929 - Museum of Modern Art opens (NYC)
1931 - Chinese People's Republic proclaimed by Mao Tse Tung
31st US President Herbert Hoover 1932 - 1st broadcast of
"Buck Rogers in the 25th century" on CBS-radio
1932 - Bradman scores 238 NSW v Victoria, 200 mins, 32 fours
1933 - Pennsylvania voters overturn blue law, by permitting
Sunday sports
1933 - Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of
New York City.
1934 - Arthur L Mitchell, becomes 1st black Democratic
congressman (Ill)
1935 - 23rd CFL Grey Cup: Winnipeg Winnipegs defeats
Hamilton Tigers, 18-12
1936 - Battle of Madrid begins
1940 - Stravinsky's Symfonie in C premieres in Chicago
1940 - Tacoma Narrows (Galloping Gertie) Bridge collapses,
Wash
1941 - British air attack on Berlin, Mannheim &
Ruhrgebied
1942 - 1st US president to broadcast in a foreign
language-FDR in French
1942 - Bicyclist Fausto Coppi establishes world record
(45,848 km)
1943 - Detroit Lions 0, NY Giants 0; last scoreless tie in
NFL
1944 - FDR wins 4th term in office, defeating Thomas E Dewey
(R)
1944 - Train crashes in tunnel of Aguadilla Spain; about 500
die
32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1946 - "Bal
Negre" opens at Belasco Theater NYC for 54 performances
1949 - King Faruk disbands Egyptian parliament
1950 - Carlo Terron's "Processo Agli Innocenti,"
premieres in Milan
1950 - French women & children leaves Hanoi/Tonkin-delta
1951 - Constitution of Jordan passes
1953 - WIS TV channel 10 in Columbia, SC (NBC) begins
broadcasting
1954 - US spy plane shot down North of Japan
1954 - Cleveland Browns' Chet Hanulak sets club record with
7 punt returns & win by their largest margin of victory (59) beating Wash
62-3
1955 - Supreme Court of Baltimore bans segregation in public
recreational areas
1957 - Phillies pitcher Jack Sanford wins NL Rookie of Year
1957 - WEEQ (now WWTO) TV channel 35 in La Salle, IL (IND)
1st broadcast
1957 - Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American
missiles and fallout shelters.
1959 - 13th Ryder Cup: US wins 8½-3½ at Eldorado Golf Club
(Indian Wells, California)
1960 - KNRR TV channel 12 in Pembina, ND (IND) begins
broadcsting
1961 - France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker
Algeria
1962 - Nixon tells press he won't be available to kick
around any more after losing election for Governor of California
1962 - Glenn Hall set NHL record of 503 consecutive games as
goalie
1963 - Carole Joan Crawford, 20, wins Mis World
1963 - NY Yankee Elston Howard is 1st black ever voted AL
MVP
1963 - Wunder von Lengede: In Germany, eleven miners are
rescued from a collapsed mine after 14 days.
1964 - NL keeps Braves in Milwaukee in 1965, may move to
Atlanta in 1966
1965 - Marlene Hagge wins LPGA Tall City Golf Open
1966 - Jean-Claude van Itallie's "America Hurrah,"
premieres in NYC
1966 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Titleholders Golf
Championship
1966 - Lunar Orbiter 2 launched by US
1967 - Carl B Stokes elected 1st black mayor of a major
city-Cleveland, Ohio
36th US President Lyndon B. Johnson 1967 - LBJ signs a bill
establishing Corporation for Public Broadcasting
1967 - Richard G Hatcher elected mayor of Gary Indiana
1967 - St Louis Cards Orlando Cepeda is 1st unanimous NL MVP
1967 - Surveyor 6 launched for soft landing on Moon
1968 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1969 - John & Yoko release their 2nd album "Wedding
Album" in UK
1970 - "Purlie" closes at Broadway Theater NYC
after 689 performances
1970 - Race riots in Daytona Beach Florida
1972 - Pres Nixon (R) re-elected defeating George McGovern
(D)
1973 - NJ becomes 1st state to allow girls into little
league
1973 - US & Egypt announce restoration of full
diplomatic links
1974 - 63rd Davis Cup: South Africa beats India in (w/o)
1975 - Kidnapped AKZO director Herrema freed in Ireland
1976 - "Gone With the Wind" televised
1978 - Boston Red Sox Jim Rice wins AL MVP
1978 - CDA-chairman W Aantjes resigns due to his war past
1979 - Cub reliever Bruce Sutter wins NL Cy Young Award
1981 - France performs nuclear test
1982 - "Your Arms are Too Short to Box" closes at
Alvin NYC after 69 perfs
1982 - Liz Taylor's 7th divorce (John Warner)
1982 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Mazda Japan Golf Classic
1982 - Turkey adopts constitution
1983 - Ali Haji-Sheikh kicks his 2nd NY Giant record 56 yard
field goal
1983 - Bomb explodes in US Capitol, causing heavy damage but
no injuries
1984 - STS 51-A launch scrubbed because of high shear winds
1985 - Colombian troops end 27-hr siege of Bogota's Palace
of Justice
1987 - Tunisian premier Zine al-Abidine fires president
Habib Bourguiba
1988 - MLB all stars beats Japan 16-8 (Game 3 of 7)
1988 - Sugar Ray Leonard KO's Donnie LaLonde
1989 - Balt's Gregg Olson is 1st relief pitcher to win AL
Rookie of Year
1989 - Douglas Wilder elected 1st US black governor (D-Va)
1989 - NYC elects it's 1st black mayor (Dinkins) &
female comp (Holtzman)
1990 - "Little Night Music" closes at New York
State NYC after 11 perfs
1990 - "Those Were The Days" opens at Edison
Theater NYC for 126 performances
1990 - Cleve Indian Sandy Alomar Jr wins AL Rookie of Year,
unanimously
1990 - Mary Robinson elected as 1st female president of
Ireland
1991 - "Brigadoon" opens at New York State Theater
NYC for 12 performances
1991 - "Park Your Car in Harvard Yard" opens at
Music Box NYC
1991 - 1st NBA game in Delta City, Utah Jazz beats Seattle
103-95
1991 - Magic Johnson announces he has HIV virus & retires
from LA Lakers
1992 - 1st NBA game at America West Arena, Phoenix Suns beat
Clippers 111-105
1993 - Betsy King wins LPGA Toray Japan Queens Cup Golf
Tournament
1995 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Pittsburgh PA on
WXDX 105.9 FM
Radio shock jock Howard Stern 1995 - Howard Stern's 2nd book
"Miss America" released (fastest selling ever)
1996 - "3 Sisters" opens at Lunt-Fontanne Theater
NYC
1996 - NFL/Heisman Trophy Winner Mike Rozier, is shot
several times
1996 - Wasim Jaffer gets 314* in 2nd cricket FC game for
Mumbai v Saurashtra
1997 - "Bean" opens in US
2000 - Controversial US presidential election that was later
resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case.
2000 - The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration discovers
one of the country's largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo
in Wamego, Kansas.
2000 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United
States Senate, becoming the first former First Lady to win public office in the
United States, although actually she still was the First Lady.
2001 - The supersonic commercial aircraft Concorde resumes
flying after a 15-month hiatus.
2002 - Iran bans advertising of United States products.
2004 - War in Iraq: The interim government of Iraq calls for
a 60-day "state of emergency" as U.S. forces storm the insurgent
stronghold of Fallujah.
2007 - Jokela school shooting in Tuusula, Finland, resulting
in the death of nine people.
2012 - 48 people are killed by a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in
Guatemala
2012 - Voters in Maine, Maryland and Washington approve
measures for same-sex marriage
1637 - Anne Hutchinson, the first female religious leader in the American colonies, was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy. 1665 - "The London Gazette" was first published. 1811 - The Shawnee Indians of chief Tecumseh were defeated by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Wabash (or (Tippecanoe). 1837 - In Alton, IL, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy was shot to death by a mob (supporters of slavery) while trying to protect his printing shop from a third destruction. 1874 - The Republican party of the U.S. was first symbolized as an elephant in a cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly. 1876 - The cigarette manufacturing machine was patented by Albert H. Hook. 1877 - "The Sorcerer" was performed for the first time of 178 total performances. 1893 - The state of Colorado granted its women the right to vote. 1895 - The last spike was driven into Canada's first transcontinental railway in the mountains of British Columbia. 1914 - The "New Republic" magazine was printed for the first time. 1916 - Jeanette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to the U.S. Congress. 1917 - Russia's Bolshevik Revolution took place. The provisional government of Alexander Kerensky was overthrown by forces led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. 1918 - During World War I, a false report through the United Press announced that an armistice had been signed. 1929 - The Museum of Modern Art in New York City opened to the public. 1932 - "Buck Rogers in the 25th Century" was broadcast for the first on CBS Radio. 1933 - Voters in Pennsylvania eliminated sports from Pennsylvanian "Blue Laws." 1940 - The middle section of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington state collapsed during a windstorm. The suspension bridge had opened to traffic on July 1, 1940. 1944 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first person to win a fourth term as president. 1963 - The comedy "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World" premiered in Hollywood. 1963 - Elston Howard, of the New York Yankees, became the first black player to be named the American League's Most Valuable Player. 1965 - The "Pillsbury Dough Boy" debuted in television commercials. 1967 - Carl Stokes was elected the first black mayor Cleveland, OH, becoming the first black mayor of a major city. 1967 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed a bill establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. 1967 - The U.S. Selective Service Commission announced that college students arrested in anti-war demonstrations would lose their draft deferments. 1973 - New Jersey became the first U.S. state to permit girls to play on Little League baseball teams. 1973 - The U.S. Congress over-rode President Nixon's veto of the War Powers Act, which limits a chief executive's power to wage war without congressional approval. 1983 - A bomb exploded in the U.S. Capitol. No one was injured. 1985 - The Colombian army stormed the country's Palace of Justice. The siege claimed the lives of 100 people, including 11 Supreme Court Justices. The Palace had been seized by leftist guerrillas belonging to the April 19 Movement. 1987 - Tunisia's president Habib Bourguiba was overthrown. He had been president since the country's independence in 1956. 1988 - Sugar Ray Leonard knocked out Donnie LaLonde. 1989 - L. Douglas Wilder won the governor's race in Virginia, becoming the first elected African-American state governor in U.S. history. 1989 - David Dinkins was elected and become New York City's first African-American mayor. 1989 - Richard Ramirez, convicted of California's "Night Stalker" killings, was sentenced to death. 1991 - Magic Johnson (NBA) announced that he had tested positive for the virus that causes AIDS, and that he was retiring from basketball. 1991 - Pro- and anti-Communists rallies took place in Moscow on the 74th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution. 1991 - Actor Paul Reubens, a.k.a. Pee Wee Herman, pled no contest to charges of indecent exposure. Reubens had been arrested in Sarasota, FL, for exposing himself in a theater. 1995 - In a Japanese courtroom, three U.S. military men admitted to the rape of a 12-year-old Okinawan schoolgirl. 1999 - Tiger Woods became the first golfer since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win four straight tournaments. 2000 - Hillary Rodham Clinton made history as the first president's wife to win public office. The state of New York elected her to the U.S. Senate. (New York) 2001 - The new .BIZ domain extension was officially launched. 2001 - After a 16-month stoppage the Concorde resumed flying commercially.
1874 The Republican Party was first symbolized as an elephant in a cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly magazine. 1916 Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman elected to Congress. 1917 Vladimir Lenin's forces overthrew Alexander Kerensky's government in Russia's Bolshevik Revolution. 1944 President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a fourth term in office, defeating Thomas E. Dewey. 1962 Former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt died in New York City at age 78. 1967 Carl Stokes of Cleveland became the first African American mayor of a major U.S. city. 1989 L. Douglas Wilder was elected governor of Virginia. He became the nation's first elected black governor. 2000 The U.S. went to the polls to choose between George W. Bush and Al Gore. The outcome wouldn't be known for more than a month because of disputed votes in Florida.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/nov07.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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