http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Jan 30, 1948: Gandhi assassinated
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement, is assassinated in New Delhi by a Hindu fanatic.
Born the son of an Indian official in 1869, Gandhi's Vaishnava mother was deeply religious and early on exposed her son to Jainism, a morally rigorous Indian religion that advocated nonviolence. Gandhi was an unremarkable student but in 1888 was given an opportunity to study law in England. In 1891, he returned to India, but failing to find regular legal work he accepted in 1893 a one-year contract in South Africa.
Settling in Natal, he was subjected to racism and South African laws that restricted the rights of Indian laborers. Gandhi later recalled one such incident, in which he was removed from a first-class railway compartment and thrown off a train, as his moment of truth. From thereon, he decided to fight injustice and defend his rights as an Indian and a man. When his contract expired, he spontaneously decided to remain in South Africa and launched a campaign against legislation that would deprive Indians of the right to vote. He formed the Natal Indian Congress and drew international attention to the plight of Indians in South Africa. In 1906, the Transvaal government sought to further restrict the rights of Indians, and Gandhi organized his first campaign of satyagraha, or mass civil disobedience. After seven years of protest, he negotiated a compromise agreement with the South African government.
In 1914, Gandhi returned to India and lived a life of abstinence and spirituality on the periphery of Indian politics. He supported Britain in the First World War but in 1919 launched a new satyagraha in protest of Britain's mandatory military draft of Indians. Hundreds of thousands answered his call to protest, and by 1920 he was leader of the Indian movement for independence. He reorganized the Indian National Congress as a political force and launched a massive boycott of British goods, services, and institutions in India. Then, in 1922, he abruptly called off the satyagraha when violence erupted. One month later, he was arrested by the British authorities for sedition, found guilty, and imprisoned.
After his release in 1924, he led an extended fast in protest of Hindu-Muslim violence. In 1928, he returned to national politics when he demanded dominion status for India and in 1930 launched a mass protest against the British salt tax, which hurt India's poor. In his most famous campaign of civil disobedience, Gandhi and his followers marched to the Arabian Sea, where they made their own salt by evaporating sea water. The march, which resulted in the arrest of Gandhi and 60,000 others, earned new international respect and support for the leader and his movement.
In 1931, Gandhi was released to attend the Round Table Conference on India in London as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. The meeting was a great disappointment, and after his return to India he was again imprisoned. While in jail, he led another fast in protest of the British government's treatment of the "untouchables"--the impoverished and degraded Indians who occupied the lowest tiers of the caste system. In 1934, he left the Indian Congress Party to work for the economic development of India's many poor. His protege, Jawaharlal Nehru, was named leader of the party in his place.
With the outbreak of World War II, Gandhi returned to politics and called for Indian cooperation with the British war effort in exchange for independence. Britain refused and sought to divide India by supporting conservative Hindu and Muslim groups. In response, Gandhi launched the "Quit India" movement it 1942, which called for a total British withdrawal. Gandhi and other nationalist leaders were imprisoned until 1944.
In 1945, a new government came to power in Britain, and negotiations for India's independence began. Gandhi sought a unified India, but the Muslim League, which had grown in influence during the war, disagreed. After protracted talks, Britain agreed to create the two new independent states of India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947. Gandhi was greatly distressed by the partition, and bloody violence soon broke out between Hindus and Muslims in India.
In an effort to end India's religious strife, he resorted to fasts and visits to the troubled areas. He was on one such vigil in New Delhi when Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who objected to Gandhi's tolerance for the Muslims, fatally shot him. Known as Mahatma, or "the great soul," during his lifetime, Gandhi's persuasive methods of civil disobedience influenced leaders of civil rights movements around the world, especially Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States.
Jan 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler is named chancellor of Germany
On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany.
The year 1932 had seen Hitler's meteoric rise to prominence in Germany, spurred largely by the German people's frustration with dismal economic conditions and the still-festering wounds inflicted by defeat in the Great War and the harsh peace terms of the Versailles treaty. A charismatic speaker, Hitler channeled popular discontent with the post-war Weimar government into support for his fledgling Nazi party. In an election held in July 1932, the Nazis won 230 governmental seats; together with the Communists, the next largest party, they made up over half of the Reichstag.
Hindenburg, intimidated by Hitler's growing popularity and the thuggish nature of his cadre of supporters, the SA (or Brownshirts), initially refused to make him chancellor. Instead, he appointed General Kurt von Schleicher, who attempted to steal Hitler's thunder by negotiating with a dissident Nazi faction led by Gregor Strasser. At the next round of elections in November, the Nazis lost ground—but the Communists gained it, a paradoxical effect of Schleicher's efforts that made right-wing forces in Germany even more determined to get Hitler into power. In a series of complicated negotiations, ex-Chancellor Franz von Papen, backed by prominent German businessmen and the conservative German National People's Party (DNVP), convinced Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor, with the understanding that von Papen as vice-chancellor and other non-Nazis in key government positions would contain and temper Hitler's more brutal tendencies.
Hitler's emergence as chancellor on January 30, 1933, marked a crucial turning point for Germany and, ultimately, for the world. His plan, embraced by much of the German population, was to do away with politics and make Germany a powerful, unified one-party state. He began immediately, ordering a rapid expansion of the state police, the Gestapo, and putting Hermann Goering in charge of a new security force, composed entirely of Nazis and dedicated to stamping out whatever opposition to his party might arise. From that moment on, Nazi Germany was off and running, and there was little Hindenburg or von Papen—or anyone—could do to stop it.
Jan 30, 1968: Tet Offensive shakes Cold War confidence
In coordinated attacks all across South Vietnam, communist forces launch their largest offensive of the Vietnam War against South Vietnamese and U.S. troops.
Dozens of cities, towns, and military bases--including the U.S. embassy in Saigon--were attacked. The massive offensive was not a military success for the communists, but its size and intensity shook the confidence of many Americans who were led to believe, by the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson, that the war would shortly be coming to a successful close.
On January 30, 1968-during the Tet holiday cease-fire in South Vietnam-an estimated 80,000 troops of the North Vietnamese Army and National Liberation Front attacked cities and military establishments throughout South Vietnam. The most spectacular episode occurred when a group of NLF commandos blasted through the wall surrounding the American embassy in Saigon and unsuccessfully attempted to seize the embassy building. Most of the attacks were turned back, with the communist forces suffering heavy losses.
Battles continued to rage throughout the country for weeks--the fight to reclaim the city of Hue from communist troops was particularly destructive. American and South Vietnamese forces lost over 3,000 men during the offensive. Estimates for communist losses ran as high as 40,000.
While the communists did not succeed militarily, the impact of the Tet Offensive on public opinion in the United States was significant. The American people, who had been told a few months earlier that the war was successful and that U.S. troops might soon be allowed withdraw, were stunned to see fighting taking place on the grounds of the U.S. embassy.
Despite assurances from the Johnson administration that all was well, the Tet Offensive led many Americans to begin seriously questioning such statements, and to wonder whether American military might could truly prevail over the communist threat on foreign shores. In the 1950s, Americans had almost unconditionally supported a vigorous American response to communism; the reaction to the Tet Offensive seemed to reflect the growing skepticism of the 1960s, when Americans felt increasingly doubtful about the efficacy of such Cold War tactics. In the wake of the Tet Offensive, support for the U.S. effort in Vietnam began steadily to decline, and public opinion turned sharply against President Johnson, who decided not to run for re-election.
Jan 30, 1649: King Charles I executed for treason
In London, King Charles I is beheaded for treason on January 30, 1649.
Charles ascended to the English throne in 1625 following the death of his father, King James I. In the first year of his reign, Charles offended his Protestant subjects by marrying Henrietta Maria, a Catholic French princess. He later responded to political opposition to his rule by dissolving Parliament on several occasions and in 1629 decided to rule entirely without Parliament. In 1642, the bitter struggle between king and Parliament for supremacy led to the outbreak of the first English civil war.
The Parliamentarians were led by Oliver Cromwell, whose formidable Ironsides force won an important victory against the king's Royalist forces at Marston Moor in 1644 and at Naseby in 1645. As a leader of the New Model Army in the second English civil war, Cromwell helped repel the Royalist invasion of Scotland, and in 1646 Charles surrendered to a Scottish army. In 1648, Charles was forced to appear before a high court controlled by his enemies, where he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. Early in the next year, he was beheaded.
The monarchy was abolished, and Cromwell assumed control of the new English Commonwealth. In 1658, Cromwell died and was succeeded by his eldest son, Richard, who was forced to flee to France in the next year with the restoration of the monarchy and the crowning of Charles II, the son of Charles I. Oliver Cromwell was posthumously convicted of treason, and his body was disinterred from its tomb in Westminster Abbey and hanged from the gallows at Tyburn.
Jan 30, 1972: Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland
In Londonderry, Northern Ireland, 13 unarmed civil rights demonstrators are shot dead by British Army paratroopers in an event that becomes known as "Bloody Sunday." The protesters, all Northern Catholics, were marching in protest of the British policy of internment of suspected Irish nationalists. British authorities had ordered the march banned, and sent troops to confront the demonstrators when it went ahead. The soldiers fired indiscriminately into the crowd of protesters, killing 13 and wounding 17.
The killings brought worldwide attention to the crisis in Northern Ireland and sparked protests all across Ireland. In Dublin, the capital of independent Ireland, outraged Irish citizens lit the British embassy aflame on February 2.
The crisis in Northern Ireland escalated in 1969 when British troops were sent to the British possession to suppress nationalist activity by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and to quell religious violence between Protestants and Catholics.
In April 1972, the British government released a report exonerating British troops from any illegal actions during the Londonderry protest. Irish indignation over Britain's Northern Ireland policies grew, and Britain increased its military presence in the North while removing any vestige of Northern self-rule. On July 21, 1972, the IRA exploded 20 bombs simultaneously in Belfast, killing British military personnel and a number of civilians. Britain responded by instituting a new court system composed of trial without jury for terrorism suspects and conviction rates topped over 90 percent.
The IRA officially disarmed in September 2005, finally fulfilling the terms of the historic 1998 Good Friday peace agreement. It was hoped that the disarmament would bring with it an end to decades of politically motivated bloodshed in the region.
Jan 30, 1943: RAF launches massive daytime raid on Berlin
On this day, the British Royal Air Force begins a bombing campaign on the German capital that coincides with the 10th anniversary of Hitler's accession to power.
The Casablanca Conference, held from January 14 to 23, saw Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Combined Chiefs of Staff meet in Morocco to discuss future war strategy following on the success of the North African invasion, which heralded the defeat of Vichy forces. One of the resolutions of the conference was to launch a combined and sustained strategic bombing effort against the Germans. Strategic bombing was the policy of using bombers to destroy an enemy's warmaking capacity, also referred to as "area bombing." Churchill described it as an "absolutely devastating, exterminating attack by very heavy bombers...upon the Nazi homeland."
To celebrate the anniversary of Hitler's 1933 appointment to the office of chancellor by then-President Paul von Hindenburg, both propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels and head of the Luftwaffe Hermann Goering planned to give radio addresses to the German masses. Goebbels intended to bolster morale by hailing an impending victory in Russia: "A thousand years hence, every German will speak with awe of Stalingrad and remember that it was there that Germany put the seal on her victory." As the speeches were broadcast, RAF fighters rained bombs on Berlin, the beginning of devastating attacks on German cities that would last until the very end of the war. To make matters even worse for the Germans, the next day a massive surrender of German troops occurred at Stalingrad.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1077 - Pope Gregory VII pardons German emperor Henry IV
1349 - Gunther of Schwarzburg chosen German anti-king
1349 - Jews of Freilsburg Germany are massacred
1467 - Battle at Velke Kostolany: Hung king Mátyás Corvinus
beats Bratrici
1487 - Bell chimes invented
1522 - Duke of Albany takes captured French back to Scotland
1544 - Adrian van Goes becomes land advocate of Holland
1592 - Ippolito Aldobrandini elected Pope Clement VIII
1647 - Scots agree to sell King Charles I to English
Parliament for £400
1648 - Spain & Netherlands sign Peace of Munster, ending
Tachtigjarige War
1661 - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth
of England is ritually executed after having been dead for two years.
1667 - Treaty/Truce of Andrusovo signed between Tsardom of
Russia & Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1713 - England & Netherlands sign 2nd anti-French
boundary treaty
1774 - Capt Cook reaches 71°10' south, 1820km from south
pole (record)
1781 - Articles of Confederation ratified by 13th state,
Maryland
1790 - Lifeboat 1st tested at sea, by Mr Greathead, the
inventor
1797 - Congress refuses to accept 1st petitions from
American blacks
1798 - Rep Matthew Lyon (Vt) spits in face of Rep Roger
Griswold (Ct) in US House of Representatives, after an argument
1800 - US population: 5,308,483; Black population 1,002,037
(18.9%)
English Military and Political Leader Oliver CromwellEnglish
Military and Political Leader Oliver Cromwell 1804 - Mungo Park leaves England
seeking source of Niger River
1806 - Prussia takes possession of Hanover
1806 - The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the
Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between
Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
1815 - Burned Library of Congress reestablished with
Jefferson's 6500 vols
1818 - Keats composes his sonnet, "When I Have
Fears"
1820 - Edward Bransfield aboard Williams discovers
Antarctica (UK claim)
1826 - The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's
first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north
West coast of Wales is opened.
1835 - Richard Lawrence misfires at President Andrew Jackson
in Washington DC in 1st attempted assassination of a US President
1841 - A fire destroys two-thirds of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
1847 - Yerba Buena renamed San Francisco
1854 - 1st election in Washington Territory; 1,682 votes
cast
1858 - Charles Halle founds Halle Orchestra in Manchester
1858 - William Wells Brown published 1st Black drama,
"Leap to Freedom"
1862 - US Navy's 1st ironclad warship (Monitor) launched
1877 - Storm flood ravages Dutch coastal provinces
US President & General Andrew JacksonUS President &
General Andrew Jackson 1879 - French President MacMahon resigns
1883 - England team presented with ashes of a bail after
Sydney Test
1888 - Harry Moses 297 not out for NSW against Victoria
1889 - John Herschel uses camera obscura to photograph
48" (120cm) telescope
1889 - Victoria beat NSW after following on (NSW all out 63
needed 76)
1889 - Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the
Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera
in Mayerling.
1892 - Bobby Abel carries his bat for 132* for England in
SCG Test
1892 - Capt Lugard occupies Uganda's King Mwanga's hide out
1894 - Pneumatic hammer patented by Charles King of Detroit
1894 - US flag fired on in Rio; prompt satisfaction exacted
by Adm Benham
1895 - C J Eady (Tas) 1st Australian to score twin centuries
(v Vic)
1895 - SS Elbe sinks after collision in North Sea, 332 killed
1895 - Tasmania beat Victoria for 1st F-C victory in 41
years
1911 - 1st rescue of an air passenger by a ship, near
Havana, Cuba
1913 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill
1915 - German submarine attack on Le Havre
1915 - No 10 batsman F W Hyett scores century on debut, Vic
v Tas
1917 - 1st jazz record recorded (Dark Town Strutters Ball)
1919 - Reds hire Pat Moran as manager as Christy Mathewson,
is still in France with US Army
1921 - French rapist-murderer Henri-Desire Landru sentenced
to death
1922 - Ted McDonald takes 8-58 in big Victorian win over NSW
1922 - World Law Day, 1st celebrated
1924 - Ponsford scores second 110 of the game in Vic win
over NSW
1925 - Turkish government throws out Constantine VI of
Constantinople
1927 - Left wins national election in Thuringen
1928 - 1st radio telephone connection between Netherlands
& US
1928 - Bradman scores 134 not out (225 mins, 13 fours) NSW v
Vic
1928 - Eugene O'Neill's "Strange Interlude,"
premieres in NYC
1930 - Vladimir Mayakovsky's "Banya," premieres in
Leningrad
1930 - The world's first radiosonde is launched in Pavlovsk,
USSR.
Comedian/Actor/Filmaker Charlie
ChaplinComedian/Actor/Filmaker Charlie Chaplin 1931 - Charlie Chaplin's
"City Lights" premieres at Los Angeles Theater
1932 - Grimmett 7-116 in South Africa 1st innings at
Adelaide Oval
1933 - "Lone Ranger" begins a 21-year run on ABC
radio
1933 - Adolf Hitler named German Chancellor, forms
government with Von Papen
1933 - Grimmett takes 7-86 for SA in Qld 2nd inn, 13-135 for
match
1934 - 1st theatrical presentation sponsored by US
government, NYC
1934 - Bert Ironmonger ends Sheffield Shield career age 51
yrs 298 days
1934 - Hitler proclamation on German unified states
1935 - Ezra Pound meets Benito Mussolini, reads from a draft
of "Cantos"
1936 - New owners of Boston Braves ask newspapermen to pick
a new nickname
1936 - Victoria need 442 to win against NSW, but lose, all
out for 415 They pick "The Bees" it doesn't catch on & is
scrapped by 1940 season
1937 - 2nd of Stalin's purge trials; Pyatakov & 16
others sentenced to death
1939 - Heavy after shocks destroy some of Chile
1939 - Hitler calls for extermination of European Jews
1940 - Benjamin Britten's "Lesson Illuminations"
premieres in London
Soviet Union Premier Joseph StalinSoviet Union Premier
Joseph Stalin 1940 - Cor Jongert wins 6th Dutch 11 Cities Skating Race
1940 - Hassett's second 122 of the game for Vic can't stop a
NSW win
1941 - Australian troops conquer Derna Libya
1942 - Japanese troops land on Ambon
1943 - 6 British Mosquito's daylight bomb Berlin
1943 - German assault on French in Tunisia
1943 - German under officers shot down in Haarlem Neth
1943 - Hitler promotes Friedrich von Paul to
general-fieldmarshal
1943 - Illegal opposition newspaper Loyal begins publishing
1943 - USS Chicago sinks in Pacific Ocean
1944 - US invades Majuro, Marshall Islands
1944 - World War II: United States troops land on Majuro.
1945 - "Wilhelm Gustloff" torpedoed off Danzig by
Soviet sub-c 9,400 die
1946 - 1st issue of Franklin Roosevelt dime
1948 - 5th Winter Olympic games open in St Moritz,
Switzerland
Pacifist and Spiritual Leader Mahatma GandhiPacifist and
Spiritual Leader Mahatma Gandhi 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Nathuram
Godse
1950 - "Robert Montgomery Presents" dramatic
anthology premieres on NBC TV
1951 - Belgium refuses to allow communists to make speeches
on radio
1952 - Lehmer verifies: 2^521-1 & 2^607-1 (183 ciphers)
Mersenne-prime #
1952 - Paul Creston's 4th Symphony, premieres
1954 - Belgium ends trade agreement with USSR
1954 - Italy's Fanfani government resigns
1956 - Elvis Presley records his version of "Blue Suede
Shoes"
1956 - KRMA TV channel 6 in Denver, CO (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1956 - KTXS TV channel 12 in Sweetwater-Abilene, TX (ABC)
begins broadcasting
1956 - Martin Luther King Jr's home bombed
1957 - US Congress accepts "Eisenhower-doctrine"
1958 - 1st 2-way moving sidewalk in service, Dallas Tx
1958 - Baseball announces players & coaches rather than
fans pick all stars
1958 - Dore Schary's "Sunrise at Campobello,"
premieres in NYC
Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King
Jr.Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King Jr. 1958 - House of
Lords passes bill allowing women in
1959 - Australia 1-200 1st day 4th Test v England, Adelaide
Oval
1959 - Paul Hindemith's symphony "Pittsburgh,"
premieres
1960 - CIA OKs Lockheed to produce a new U-2 aircraft
(Oxcart)
1960 - Dutch communist trade union EVC'58 disbands
1960 - Riot curtails third days play at Port-Of-Spain WI v
England
1960 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Carol
Heiss
1960 - US male Figure Skating championship won by David
Jenkins
1961 - Bobby Darin is youngest performer to headline a TV
special on NBC
1961 - JFK asks for an Alliance for Progress & Peace
Corp
1961 - KAET TV channel 8 in Phoenix, AZ (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1961 - Lance Gibbs takes hat-trick (Mackay, Grout, Misson)
at Adelaide
1962 - UN General Assembly censures Portugal (because of
Angola)
1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1962 - 2 members of Flying Wallendas' high-wire act killed
when their 7-person pyramid collapsed during a performance in Detroit
US President John F. KennedyUS President John F. Kennedy
1964 - Military coup of Gen Nguyen Khanh in South Vietnam
1964 - Ranger 6 launched; makes perfect flight to Moon, but
cameras fail
1965 - "The Name Game" by Shirley Ellis hits #3
1965 - State funeral of Winston Churchill
1966 - -19°F (-28°C), Corinth, Mississippi (state record)
1966 - -27°F (-33°C), New Market, Alabama (state record)
1966 - Ard Schenk skates world record 1500m (2:05.2)
1966 - Dmitri Sjostakovitsj completes his 11th string
quartet
1968 - Bobby Goldsboro records his biggest hit,
"Honey"
1968 - Vietcong launch Tet-offensive on US embassy in Saigon
1969 - Beatles perform their last gig together, a free
concert
1969 - US/Canada ISIS 1 launched to study ionosphere
1971 - "Ari" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC
after 19 performances
1971 - Dennis Lillee takes 5-84 in his 1st Test bowl, v
England
1971 - UCLA starts 88 basketball game win streak
Soldier, author, journalist, politician Winston
ChurchillSoldier, author, journalist, politician Winston Churchill 1972 -
Bloody Sunday: Brit soldiers shoot on catholics in Londonderry, 13 die
1972 - Pakistan withdraws from Commonwealth
1973 - 26th NHL All-Star Game: East beat West 5-4 at NY
Rangers
1973 - Jury finds Watergate defendants Liddy & McCord
guilty on all counts
1973 - KISS plays their 1st show (Coventry Club in Queens
NY)
1974 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1976 - 1st-class debut of Dav Whatmore, in Johannesburg
1976 - George H W Bush becomes 11th director of CIA (until
1977)
1976 - William E Colby, ends term as 10th director of CIA
1977 - 8th (final) part of "Roots" is most-watched
entertainment show ever
1977 - Allan Border scores 36 in his 1st-class innings (NSW
v Qld)
1977 - Edward W Stack replaces Paul Kerr president of Hall
of Fame
1978 - Addie Joss & Larry MacPhail elected to Baseball
Hall of Fame
1978 - Mutual Broadcasting Network begins airing Larry King
Show on radio
1979 - Rhodesia agrees to new constitution
1979 - Varig 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander
as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off
from Tokyo.
1980 - Edward Albee's "Lady from Dubuque,"
premieres in NYC
Country Singer Kenny RogersCountry Singer Kenny Rogers 1981
- 8th American Music Award: Barbra Streisand & Kenny Rogers win
1982 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Rosalynn
Sumners
1982 - Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which
is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk
Cloner".
1983 - Hilbert van Thumb becomes European skating champ
1983 - Pat Bradley wins LPGA Mazda of Deer Creek Golf
Classic
1983 - Super Bowl XVII: Wash Red Skins beat Miami Dolphins,
27-17 in Pasadena Super Bowl MVP: John Riggins, Washington, RB
1988 - Hansie Cronje gets a pair in 2nd 1st-class game (OFS
v N Tvl)
1989 - 16th American Music Award: Randy Travis & George
Michael wins
1989 - 5 Pharaoh sculptures from 1470 BC found at temple of
Luxor
1989 - Joel Steinberg found guilty of 1st degree
manslaughter of daughter
1989 - Last day of 1st class cricket for Dav Whatmore
1989 - Olympian, Bruce Kimball, is sentenced to 17 years in
prison for killing 2 teenagers in a drunk driving accident
1989 - The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
1992 - Space Shuttle STS-42 (Discovery 15) lands
1993 - 100,000n Europeans demonstrate against fascism &
racism
Rock Vocalist George MichaelRock Vocalist George Michael
1993 - 67th Australian Women's Tennis Open: Monica Seles beat Graf (4-6 6-3
6-2)
1994 - 68th Australian Women's Tennis Open: S Graf beats A S
Vicario (6-0 6-2)
1994 - 82nd Australian Mens Tennis: Pete Sampras beats Todd
Martin (76 64 64)
1994 - Dan Jansen skates world record 500m (35.76)
1994 - Kapil Dev equals Richard Hadlee's world record of 431
Test wkts
1994 - Super Bowl XXVIII: Dallas Cowboys beat Buffalo Bills,
30-13 in Atlanta Super Bowl MVP: Emmitt Smith, Dallas, RB
1994 - Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grand master.
1995 - 22nd American Music Award: Boyz II Men & Ace of
Base win
1995 - Belgium's TV channel 2 in Flanders goes on the air
1995 - Car bomb explodes in Algiers, 42 killed/296 injured
1995 - Kevin Eubanks officially becomes band leader of
"Tonight Show"
1995 - Workers from the National Institutes of Health
announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment
for sickle-cell disease.
1996 - Gino Gallagher, the suspected leader of the Irish
National Liberation Army, is killed while waiting in line for his unemployment
benefit.
1997 - Minuteman III launches
1998 - All-Star Fla Marlin catcher Darren Daulton, retires
American Football Player Emmitt SmithAmerican Football
Player Emmitt Smith 1998 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Indianapolis IN
on WNAP 93.1 FM
1998 - Paul Simon's "The Capeman," premieres
2000 - Super Bowl XXXIV: St. Louis Rams beat Tennessee
Titans, 23-16 at the Georgia Dome Atlanta MVP: Kurt Warner, St. Louis, QB
2000 - Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight
431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
2003 - Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.
2011 - NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 55-41
2013 - South Korea successfully launches its rocket Naro-1
which was carrying a scientific satellite
1649 - England's King Charles I was beheaded. 1790 - The first purpose-built lifeboat was launched on the River Tyne. 1798 - The first brawl in the U.S. House of Representatives took place. Congressmen Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold fought on the House floor. 1844 - Richard Theodore Greener became the first African American to graduate from Harvard University. 1847 - The town of Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco. 1862 - The U.S. Navy's first ironclad warship, the "Monitor", was launched. 1889 - Rudolph, crown prince of Austria, and his 17-year-old mistress, Baroness Marie Vetsera, were found shot in his hunting lodge at Mayerling, near Vienna. 1894 - C.B. King received a patent for the pneumatic hammer. 1900 - The British fighting the Boers in South Africa ask for a larger army. 1910 - Work began on the first board-track automobile speedway. The track was built in Playa del Ray, CA. 1911 - The first airplane rescue at sea was made by the destroyer "Terry." Pilot James McCurdy was forced to land in the ocean about 10 miles from Havana, Cuba. 1933 - "The Lone Ranger" was heard on radio for the first time. The program ran for 2,956 episodes and ended in 1955. 1933 - Adolf Hitler was named the German Chancellor. 1948 - Indian political and spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi was murdered by a Hindu extremist. 1950 - NBC-TV debuted "Robert Montgomery Presents." The show lasted for seven seasons. 1958 - Yves Saint Laurent, at age 22, held his first major fashion show in Paris. 1958 - The first two-way moving sidewalk was put in service at Love Field in Dallas, TX. The length of the walkway through the airport was 1,435 feet. 1960 - The women’s singles U.S. figure skating championship was won by Carol Heiss. 1962 - Two members of the "Flying Wallendas" high-wire act were killed when their seven-person pyramid collapsed during a performance in Detroit, MI. 1964 - January 30 - The U.S. launched Ranger 6. The unmanned spacecraft carried television cameras and was intentionally crash-landed on the moon. The cameras did not return any pictures to Earth. 1968 - The Tet Offensive began as Communist forces launched surprise attacks against South Vietnamese provincial capitals. 1972 - In Northern Ireland, British soldiers shot and killed thirteen Roman Catholic civil rights marchers. The day is known as "Bloody Sunday." 1979 - The civilian government of Iran announced it had decided to allow Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to return. He had been living in exile in France. 1989 - The U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan was closed. 1994 - Peter Leko became the world's youngest-ever grand master in chess. 1995 - The U.N. Security Council authorized the deployment of a 6,000-member U.N. peace-keeping contingent to assume security responsibilities in Haiti from U.S. forces. 1995 - Researchers from the U.S. National Institutes of Health announced that clinical trials had demonstrated the effectiveness of the first preventative treatment for sickle cell anaemia. 1996 - Gino Gallagher, the reputed leader of the Irish National Liberation Army, was shot and killed as he queued for his unemployment benefit. 1997 - A New Jersey judge ruled that the unborn child of a female prisoner must have legal representation. He denied the prisoner bail reduction to enable her to leave the jail and obtain an abortion. 2002 - Slobodan Milosevic accused the U.N. war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him. Milosevic was defending his actions during the Balkan wars. 2002 - Japan's last coal mine was closed. The closures were due to high production costs and cheap imports.
1649 King Charles I of England was beheaded. 1933 Adolf Hitler was named Chancellor of Germany. 1948 Gandhi was assassinated. 1968 North Vietnamese forces launched attacks against the South Vietnamese, beginning the Tet offensive. 1972 British troops opened fire on civil rights marchers in Northern Ireland, sparking the "Bloody Sunday" massacre. 1979 The Iranian civilian government announced that the exiled Ayatollah Khomeini would be allowed to return.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://www.historyorb.com/events/january/30
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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