http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Jan 28, 1986: Challenger explodes
At 11:38 a.m. EST, on January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger lifts off from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Christa McAuliffe is on her way to becoming the first ordinary U.S. civilian to travel into space. McAuliffe, a 37-year-old high school social studies teacher from New Hampshire, won a competition that earned her a place among the seven-member crew of the Challenger. She underwent months of shuttle training but then, beginning January 23, was forced to wait six long days as the Challenger's launch countdown was repeatedly delayed because of weather and technical problems. Finally, on January 28, the shuttle lifted off.
Seventy-three seconds later, hundreds on the ground, including Christa's family, stared in disbelief as the shuttle exploded in a forking plume of smoke and fire. Millions more watched the wrenching tragedy unfold on live television. There were no survivors.
In 1976, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) unveiled the world's first reusable manned spacecraft, the Enterprise. Five years later, space flights of the shuttle began when Columbia traveled into space on a 54-hour mission. Launched by two solid-rocket boosters and an external tank, only the aircraft-like shuttle entered into orbit around Earth. When the mission was completed, the shuttle fired engines to reduce speed and, after descending through the atmosphere, landed like a glider. Early shuttles took satellite equipment into space and carried out various scientific experiments. The Challenger disaster was the first major shuttle accident.
In the aftermath of the explosion, President Ronald Reagan appointed a special commission to determine what went wrong with Challenger and to develop future corrective measures. The presidential commission was headed by former secretary of state William Rogers, and included former astronaut Neil Armstrong and former test pilot Chuck Yeager. The investigation determined that the explosion was caused by the failure of an "O-ring" seal in one of the two solid-fuel rockets. The elastic O-ring did not respond as expected because of the cold temperature at launch time, which began a chain of events that resulted in the massive explosion. As a result of the explosion, NASA did not send astronauts into space for more than two years as it redesigned a number of features of the space shuttle.
In September 1988, space shuttle flights resumed with the successful launching of the Discovery. Since then, the space shuttle has carried out numerous important missions, such as the repair and maintenance of the Hubble Space Telescope and the construction of the International Space Station.
On February 1, 2003, a second space-shuttle disaster rocked the United States when Columbia disintegrated upon reentry of the Earth's atmosphere. All aboard were killed. Despite fears that the problems that downed Columbia had not been satisfactorily addressed, space-shuttle flights resumed on July 26, 2005, when Discovery was again put into orbit.
Jan 28, 1964: Soviets shoot down U.S. jet
The U.S. State Department angrily accuses the Soviet Union of shooting down an American jet that strayed into East German airspace. Three U.S. officers aboard the plane were killed in the incident. The Soviets responded with charges that the flight was a "gross provocation," and the incident was an ugly reminder of the heightened East-West tensions of the Cold War era.
According to the U.S. military, the jet was on a training flight over West Germany and pilots became disoriented by a violent storm that led the plane to veer nearly 100 miles off course. The Soviet attack on the plane provoked angry protests from the Department of State and various congressional leaders, including Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, who charged that the Soviets had intentionally downed the plane "to gain the offensive" in the aggressive Cold War maneuvering.
For their part, the Soviets refused to accept U.S. protests and responded that they had "all grounds to believe that this was not an error or mistake...It was a clear intrusion." Soviet officials also claimed that the plane was ordered to land but refused the instructions. Shortly after the incident, U.S. officials were allowed to travel to East Germany to recover the bodies and the wreckage.
Like numerous other similar Cold War incidents--including the arrest of suspected "spies" and the seizure of ships--this event resulted in heated verbal exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union, but little else. Both nations had bigger issues to contend with: the United States was engaged in the Vietnam War, and the Soviet Union was dealing with a widening split with communist China. The deaths were, however, another reminder that the heated suspicion, heightened tension, and loaded rhetoric of the Cold War did have the potential to erupt into meaningless death and destruction.
Jan 28, 1777: British plan to isolate New England
John Burgoyne, poet, playwright and British general, submits an ill-fated plan to the British government to isolate New England from the other colonies on this day in 1777.
Burgoyne's plan revolved around an invasion of 8,000 British troops from Canada, who would move southward through New York by way of Lake Champlain and the Mohawk River, taking the Americans by surprise. General Burgoyne believed he and his troops could then take control of the Hudson River and isolate New England from the other colonies, freeing British General William Howe to attack Philadelphia.
General Burgoyne's plan went into effect during the summer of 1777 and was initially a success—the British captured Fort Ticonderoga on June 2, 1777. However, the early success failed to lead to victory, as Burgoyne overextended his supply chain, which stretched in a long, narrow strip from the northern tip of Lake Champlain south to the northern curve of the Hudson River at Fort Edward, New York. As Burgoyne's army marched south, Patriot militia circled north, cutting the British supply line.
Burgoyne then suffered defeat in Bennington, Vermont, and bloody draws at Bemis Heights, New York. On October 17, 1777, a frustrated Burgoyne retreated 10 miles and surrendered his remaining 6,000 British forces to the Patriots at Saratoga. Upon hearing of the Patriot victory, France agreed to recognize the independence of the United States. It was, of course, France's eventual support that enabled the Patriots' ultimate victory.
The defeat at Saratoga led to General Burgoyne's downfall. He returned to England, where he faced severe criticism and soon retired from active service.
Jan 28, 1959: Vince Lombardi hired as Packers coach
On January 28, 1959, the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) sign Vince Lombardi to a five-year contract as the team's coach and general manager.
The Brooklyn-born Lombardi played college football at Fordham University, earning a starting spot as a guard in the Fordham offensive line, dubbed the "Seven Blocks of Granite." A business major, Lombardi graduated cum laude in 1937. After working in finance and playing semi-pro football with Delaware's Wilmington Clippers, Lombardi took a teaching and coaching position at St. Cecilia High School in Englewood, New Jersey, in 1939. From there he moved on to coaching positions at Fordham and West Point before joining the staff of the NFL's New York Giants as an assistant coach under Jim Lee Howell in 1954.
The deal with the Packers—a team that had finished with a 1-10-1 record the previous season—marked Lombardi's first head coaching position in the NFL. In his first season, Lombardi guided his team to a 7-5 record and a third-place finish in the Western Conference of the NFL. The following year, the Packers lost in the 1960 championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13. Lombardi won his first championship ring in 1961, when Green Bay smashed the Giants 37-0; they repeated as champs the next year, again beating New York, 16-7. In addition to capturing three more NFL championships from 1965 to 1967, the Packers won both of the first two Super Bowls, in which the NFL champion faced the winner of the upstart American Football League (AFL). With the phenomenal play of his team, Lombardi literally became the face of professional football, gracing the cover of a December 1962 issue of TIME magazine under the headline "The Sport of the '60s."
The second Super Bowl, a win over the Oakland Raiders, marked Lombardi's last game with the Packers. In 1967, he announced his retirement, leaving with an overall coaching record in Green Bay of 98-30-4. Lombardi was unable to stay retired, however, and in 1969 he accepted the head coaching position for the Washington Redskins. True to form, he led the team to its first winning record in 14 years, bringing his overall professional coaching record to 105-35-6 by January 1970, without a single losing season.
Tragically, Lombardi was diagnosed with intestinal cancer that year and died in September 3, 1970, at the age of 57. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame the following year. The Super Bowl trophy was subsequently renamed the Vince Lombardi Trophy, ensuring that Lombardi's name—and his legacy as the greatest football coach of the 20th century—will be remembered forever.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1077 - German King Henry IV is absolved by Holy Roman
Emperor Pope Gregory VII after his penitent Walk to Canossa.
1099 - 1st Crusaders begins siege of Hosn-el-Akrad Syria
1262 - Flemish/Dutch coast ravaged by north western storm
1393 - Fire during Royal Ball at Paris, 4 die (Ball of the
Ardents)
1495 - Pope gives his son Cesare Borgia as hostage to
Charles VIII of France
1521 - The Diet of Worms begins, lasting until May 25.
1547 - 9-year-old Edward VI succeeds Henry VIII as king of
England
1561 - By Edict of Orleans persecution of French Huguenots
is suspended
1573 - Articles of Warsaw Confederation are signed,
sanctioning freedom of religion in Poland.
1581 - James VI signs 2nd Confession of Faith in Scotland
1613 - Galileo may have unknowingly viewed undiscovered
planet Neptune
1624 - Sir Thomas Warner founds the first British colony in
the Caribbean, on Saint Kitts.
1689 - English parliament resolved that the throne is vacant
1724 - The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in St.
Petersburg by Peter the Great, and implemented in the Senate decree. It was
called St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences until 1917.
1754 - Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the
word serendipity
1760 - Pownal, Vermont created by Benning Wentworth as one
of the New Hampshire Grants.
1787 - Philadelphia's Free Africa Society organizes
1788 - Captain Arthur Phillip forms English colony at Botany
Bay, Sydney
1788 - Lord Gordon found guilty of libel of queen of France
Russian Tsar Peter the GreatRussian Tsar Peter the Great
1807 - London's Pall Mall is 1st street lit by gaslight
1813 - Pride and Prejudice is first published in the United
Kingdom.
1814 - Stendahl's 1st book is published
1819 - Sir Stamford Raffles 1st lands in Singapore
1820 - Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von
Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovered the Antarctic continent
approaching the Antarctic coast.
1821 - Bellingshausen discovers Alexander Island off
Antarctica
1824 - William Kneass becomes 3rd US chief engraver
(1824-40)
1830 - Opera "Fra Diavolo," premieres in Paris
1846 - Battle of Allwal, Brits beat Sikhs in Punjab (India)
1848 - King of Naples grants his subjects a constitution
1851 - Northwestern University (Chicago) chartered
1855 - The first locomotive runs from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Pacific Ocean on the Panama Railway.
1860 - Britain formally returns Mosquito Coast to Nicaragua
1864 - Battle of New Bern, NC
1865 - Pres Jefferson Davis names 3 peace commissioners
British Statesman and Founder of Singapore Stamford
RafflesBritish Statesman and Founder of Singapore Stamford Raffles 1871 - Paris
surrenders to Prussians
1878 - 1st telephone exchange (New Haven, CT)
1878 - George W Coy hired as 1st full-time telephone operator
1878 - Yale Daily News published, 1st college daily
newspaper
1881 - Battle at Laing's Neck Natal: Boers beat superior
powered British
1887 - England all out for 45 v Aust SCG, their lowest total
ever
1887 - In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, the world's
largest snowflakes are reported, being 15 inches (38 cm) wide and 8 inches (20
cm) thick.
1893 - Edward Mcdowell's "Hamlet & Ophelia,"
premieres in Boston
1899 - American Social Science Association incorporated by
Congress
1902 - Carnegie Institute founded in Wash DC
1904 - 1st college sports letters given to Seniors who
played on U of Chicago's football team are awarded blankets with letter
"C" on them
1909 - US milt forces leave Cuba for 2nd time
1911 - Frenchman Henri Rougier wins 1st Rally of Monte Carlo
1914 - 1st Millrose Games (athletics) held (NYC)
1914 - Beverly Hills, Ca, is incorporated
1915 - 1st US ship lost in WW I, William P Frye (carrying
wheat to UK)
1915 - US Coast Guard created from Life Saving & Revenue
Cutter services
1915 - US Pres Wilson refuses to prohibit immigration of
illiterates
1916 - 1st Jewish Supreme Court justice, Louis Brandeis,
appointed by Wilson
1916 - German colony of Cameroon surrenders to Britain &
France
1916 - Opera "Goyescas," premieres (NYC)
1917 - Municipally owned streetcars take to the streets of
San Francisco, California.
1918 - Strike on Berlin ammunition's factory
Russian Revolutionary Leon TrotskyRussian Revolutionary Leon
Trotsky 1918 - Trotsky becomes leader of Reds
1918 - Finnish Civil War: Rebels seized control of the
capital, Helsinki, and members of the Senate of Finland go underground.
1922 - American Pro Football Association renamed
"National Football League"
1922 - J E Clair turns Green Bay franchise back to NFL
1922 - Knickerbocker Storm, Washington D.C.'s biggest
snowfall, causes the city's greatest loss of life when the roof of the
Knickerbocker Theater collapses.
1923 - 1st "Reichs Party" (NSDAP) forms in Munich
1923 - Demonstration against a Dutch University in Ghent
1923 - NSDAP 1st election in Munich
1925 - -46°F (-43°C), Pittsburgh, New Hampshire (state
record)
1927 - Serbian-Croatian-Slavic government of Oezonowitsj
falls
1928 - Christopher Hornsrud chosen PM of Norway
1931 - Bradman scores 220 NSW v Victoria, 308 mins, 13 fours
1932 - 1st US state unemployment insurance act enacted
(Wisconsin)
1932 - Japan occupies Shanghai
1932 - Japanese forces attack Shanghai.
1933 - French government of Paul Boncour falls
1933 - German government of Von Schleicher falls
1933 - The name Pakistan is coined by Choudhary Rehmat Ali
Khan and is accepted by the Indian Muslims who then thereby adopted it further
for the Pakistan Movement seeking independence.
1934 - 1st US ski tow (rope) begins operation (Woodstock
Vermont)
1935 - Iceland becomes 1st country to legalize abortion
1936 - Pravda criticizes Sjostakovitsj' "Lady
Macbeth" opera
1941 - French-Thai War: Final air battle of the conflict.
Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect later in the day.
1942 - General Timoshenko's troops move into Ukraine
1942 - German troops occupy Benghazi Libya
1943 - Chic Blackhawks beats NY Rangers 10-1, Max Bentley
scores 4 goals
1943 - Forward Doug Bentley sets NHL record with 5 points in
a game
1944 - 683 British bombers attack Berlin
1944 - Leonard Bernstein's "Jeremiah," premieres
in Pittsburgh
1944 - U-271 & U-571 sunk off Ireland
1945 - Dutch airplanes dump pamphlets on Java
1945 - Gen "Vinegar Joe" Stillwell & truck
convoy reopen Burma Road to China
1945 - Swedish ships bring food to starving Netherlands
1947 - "Bay Psalm" book auctioned for a record
$151,000
1949 - NY Giants sign their 1st black players, Monte Irvin
& Ford Smith
1949 - UN Security council convicts Dutch aggression in
Indonesia
1950 - Preston Tucker, auto maker, found not guilty of mail
fraud
1951 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1951 - "La Vie Commence Demain," which depicted
artificial insemination & is the 1st X-rated movie, opened in London
1953 - J Fred Muggs (the chimp) joins NBC's "Today
Show"
1953 - WJTV TV channel 12 in Jackson, MS (CBS) begins
broadcasting
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger &
Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1956 - Elvis Presley's 1st TV appearance (Dorsey
Bros Stage Show)
1957 - "Tonight! America After Dark" premieres,
with Jack Lescoulie & Al (Jazzbo) Collins on NBC (between Steve Allen &
Jack Paar)
1958 - Construction began on 1st private thorium-uranium
nuclear reactor
1958 - Dodger catcher Roy Campanella is paralyzed in an
automobile wreck
1958 - The Lego company patented their design of Lego
bricks, still compatible with bricks produced today.
1959 - Soviet Union wins 62-37 for 1st international
basketball loss by US
1960 - 1st photograph bounced off Moon, Washington DC
1960 - Goon Show's final episode on BBC
1960 - NFL announces Dallas Cowboys (1960) & Minnesota
Vikings (1961) franchises
1961 - Republic of Rwanda proclaimed
1962 - Johanne Relleke gets stung by bees 2,443 times in
Rhodesia & survives
1963 - -34°F (-37°C), Cynthiana, Kentucky (state record)
1965 - The Who make their 1st appearance on British TV
1967 - Rolling Stones release "Let's Spend the Night
Together"
1968 - 29th PGA Seniors Golf Championship: Chandler Harper
1968 - Goose Goslin & Kiki Cuyler elected to baseball Hall
of Fame
1969 - 2nd ABA All-Star Game: West 133 beats East 127 at
Louisville
1969 - Barbara Jo Rubin becomes 1st woman jockey to win in
North America
1970 - LubomÃr Strougal succeeds Cernik as premier of
Czechoslovakia
1972 - Oral Roberts' Eddie Woods grabs 30 rebounds for 2nd
consecutive game
1973 - "Barnaby Jones" premieres on CBS TV
1973 - Henry Boucha, Detroit Red Wings, scores 6 sec into a
game vs Mont
1973 - Mickey Welch, George Kelly & Billy Evans elected
to Hall of Fame
1973 - Ron Howard appears on M*A*S*H in "Sometimes You
Hear the Bullet"
1974 - Sam Thompson, Jim Bottomley, & Jocko Conlan
elected to Hall of Fame
1975 - 8th ABA All-Star Game: East 151 beats West 124 at San
Antonio
1976 - Erapalli Prasanna takes 8-76 to rip through NZ at
Eden Park
1976 - NBA Atlanta Hawks begin a 28 game road losing streak
1978 - "Fantasy Island" starring Ricardo Montalban
premieres on ABC TV
1978 - Ranger's Don Murdoch failed on 4th penalty shot
against Islanders
1978 - Ted Nugent autographs a fan's arm with his knife
1979 - "Wiz" closes at Majestic Theater NYC after
1672 performances
1979 - Arthur Kopit's "Wings," premieres in NYC
Actor Dustin HoffmanActor Dustin Hoffman 1980 - 37th Golden
Globes: Dustin Hoffman & Sally Field wins
1980 - USCGC Blackthorn (WLB-391) collides with the tanker
Capricorn while leaving Tampa Florida and capsizes killing 23 Coast Guard
crewmembers.
1981 - "5 O'Clock Girl" opens at Helen Hayes
Theater NYC for 12 performances
1981 - William J Casey becomes 13th director of CIA (until
1987)
1981 - Olympic Glory tanker at Galveston Bay, Texas, spills
1 million gallons of oil in a ship collision
1982 - US Gen Dozier freed from Red Brigade of Padua Italy
1982 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1984 - 41th Golden Globes: Thornbirds wins
1984 - LA Kings stop Wayne Gretzky 51 game scoring streak
1984 - Record 295,000 dominoes toppled, Fuerth, West Germany
1985 - Charity single "We Are the World" is
recorded by supergroup USA for Africa (Michael Jackson, Lionel Richie and other
pop stars)
1985 - 12th American Music Award: Cyndi Lauper & Lionel
Richie win
1986 - "Uptown... It's Hot!" opens at
Lunt-Fontanne Theater NYC for 24 perfs
1986 - 25th Space Shuttle (51L)-Challenger 10 explodes 73
sec after liftoff
1986 - Angolan Unity Leader Jonas Savimbi visits Washington,
DC
CIA Director William CaseyCIA Director William Casey 1987 -
US Foreign minister George Shultz meets ANC-leader Oliver Tambo
1987 - Wrestler Jim Neidhart indicted for assaulting a
flight attendant
1988 - "Saratina!" opens at Cort Theater NYC for
597 performances
1988 - Canada's Supreme court declares anti-abortion law
unconstitutional
1989 - 46th Golden Globes: Rainman, Working Girl
1989 - 63rd Australian Womens Tennis Open: Steffi Graf beats
Helena Sukova (6-4 6-4)
1989 - Boon completes 7th Test century, 149 v WI at SCG
1990 - "Independent on Sunday" begins publishing
in London
1990 - 78th Australian Mens Tennis: Ivan Lendl beats S
Edberg (46 76 52-ret)
1990 - Super Bowl XXIV: SF 49ers beat Denver Broncos, 55-10
in New Orleans Super Bowl MVP: Joe Montana, San Francisco, QB
1991 - "A Closer Look" with Faith Daniels
premieres on NBC-TV
1991 - 18th American Music Award: M C Hammer & Janet
Jackson
1991 - Boon completes ninth Test century, 121 v England at
Adelaide
1991 - Dictator Siad Barre flees Somalia ending 22 year rule
1992 - Boon completes twelfth Test century, 135 v India at
Adelaide
Singer Janet JacksonSinger Janet Jackson 1992 - Stan Hansen
beats Jumbo Tsuruta to win All Japan Triple Crown
1994 - Helicopter crashes into office building in San Jose
California, 1 dead
1994 - Inna Lassovskaja jumps ladies world record (14.78m)
1995 - 69th Australian Women's Tennis Open: Mary Pierce
beats Vicario (63 62)
1995 - 83rd Australian Mens Tennis: Andre Agassi beats
Sampras (46 61 76 64)
1995 - Memphis Mad Dogs granted CFL's 13th franchise
1996 - "Hello Dolly!" closes at Lunt-Fontanne
Theater NYC after 118 perfs
1996 - 84th Australian Mens Tennis: Boris Becker beats M
Chang (62 64 26 62)
1996 - Super Bowl XXX: Dallas Cowboys beat Pittsburgh
Steelers, 27-17 in Tempe Super Bowl MVP:
1998 - Michelangelo, "Christ & the Woman of
Samaria," sold for $7.4 million
2001 - Super Bowl XXXV: Baltimore Ravens beat New York
Giants, 34-7 at the Raymond James Stadium MVP: Ray Lewis, Baltimore, LB
2002 - TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100 crashes in the
Andes mountains in southern Colombia killing 92.
2010 - Five murderers of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of
Bangladesh: Lieutenant Colonel Syed Faruq Rahman, Lieutenant Colonel Sultan
Shahriar Rashid Khan, Major AKM Mohiuddin Ahmed, Major Bazlul Huda and
Lieutenant Colonel Mohiuddin Ahmed were hanged.
2011 - Hundreds of thousands of protesters fill the
Egyptian's streets against the Mubarak regime in demonstrations referred to as
the "Friday of Anger"
2012 - Death toll from coordinated bombing attacks in Kano,
Nigeria, reaches 185
Painter MichelangeloPainter Michelangelo 2013 - 10 people
are killed and 11 are injured in after a freight train collides with a bus in
Heihe City, China
2013 - Iran’s Pishgam rocket successfully completes a return
trip of sending a monkey into space
2013 - 20 people are killed after a Bombardier CRJ200
airliner crashes outside Almaty, Kazakhstan
2013 - John Kerry is voted to succeed Hillary Rodham Clinton
as the United States Secretary of State
1521 - The Diet of Worms began, at which Protestant reformer Luther was declared an outlaw by the Roman Catholic church. 1547 - England's King Henry VIII died. He was succeeded by his 9 year-old son, Edward VI. 1788 - The first British penal settlement was founded at Botany Bay. 1807 - London's Pall Mall became the first street lit by gaslight. 1871 - France surrendered in the Franco-Prussian War. 1878 - The first telephone switchboard was installed in New Haven, CT. 1878 - "The Yale News" was published for the first time. It was the first, daily, collegiate newspaper in the U.S. 1902 - The Carnegie Institution was established in Washington, DC. It began with a gift of $10 million from Andrew Carnegie. 1909 - The United States ended direct control over Cuba. 1915 - The Coast Guard was created by an act of the U.S. Congress to fight contraband trade and aid distressed vessels at sea. 1916 - Louis D. Brandeis was appointed by President Wilson to the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming its first Jewish member. 1918 - The Bolsheviks occupied Helsinki, Finland. 1922 - The National Football League (NFL) franchise in Decatur, IL, transferred to Chicago. The team took the name Chicago Bears. 1935 - Iceland became the first country to introduce legalized abortion. 1938 - The first ski tow started operation in Vermont. 1945 - During World War II, Allied supplies began reaching China over the newly reopened Burma Road. 1957 - The Brooklyn Dodgers announced that circus clown Emmett Kelly had been hired to entertain fans at baseball games. 1958 - Roy Campanella (Brooklyn Dodgers) was seriously injured in an auto accident in New York. He would never return to play again. 1958 - Construction began on first private thorium-uranium nuclear reactor. 1965 - General Motors reported the biggest profit of any U.S. company in history. 1973 - CBS-TV debuted "Barnaby Jones." 1980 - Six Americans who had fled the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, on November 4, 1979, left Iran using false Canadian diplomatic passports. The Americans had been hidden at the Canadian embassy in Tehran. 1982 - Italian anti-terrorism forces rescued U.S. Brigadier General James L. Dozier. 42 days before he had been kidnapped by the Red Brigades. 1986 - The U.S. space shuttle Challenger exploded just after takeoff. All seven of its crewmembers were killed. 1994 - In Los Angeles, Superior Court Judge Stanley Weisberg declared a mistrial in the case of Lyle Menendez in the murder of his parents. Lyle, and his brother Erik, were both retried later and were found guilty. They were sentenced to life in prison without parole. 1997 - Clive Davis received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1998 - In Manilla, Philippines, gunmen held at least 400 children and teachers for several hours at an elementary school. 1999 - Ford Motor Company announced the purchase of Sweden's Volvo AB for $6.45 billion. 2002 - Toys R Us Inc. announced that it would be closing 27 Toys R Us stores and 37 Kids R Us stores in order to cut costs and boost operating profits.
1547 King Henry VIII of England died and his nine-year-old son, Edward VI, assumed the throne. 1915 Congress passed legislation creating the U.S. Coast Guard. 1916 The first Jewish Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Louis Brandeis, was appointed. 1986 U.S. shuttle Challenger exploded 72 seconds after lift off, killing all seven crew members aboard, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe. 1999 The creation of Element 114 is announced by scientists. 2003 In his second State of the Union Address, President Bush presents case for war with Iraq.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jan28.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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