Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Jul 6, 1967: Civil war in Nigeria
Five weeks after its secession from Nigeria, the breakaway Republic of Biafra is attacked by Nigerian government forces.
In 1960, Nigeria gained independence from Britain. Six years later, the Muslim Hausas in northern Nigeria began massacring the Christian Igbos in the region, prompting tens of thousands of Igbos to flee to the east, where their people were the dominant ethnic group. The Igbos doubted that Nigeria's oppressive military government would allow them to develop, or even survive, so on May 30, 1967, Lieutenant Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu and other non-Igbo representatives of the area established the Republic of Biafra, comprising several states of Nigeria.
After diplomatic efforts by Nigeria failed to reunite the country, war between Nigeria and Biafra broke out in July 1967. Ojukwu's forces made some initial advances, but Nigeria's superior military strength gradually reduced Biafran territory. The state lost its oil fields--its main source of revenue--and without the funds to import food, an estimated one million of its civilians died as a result of severe malnutrition. On January 11, 1970, Nigerian forces captured the provincial capital of Owerri, one of the last Biafran strongholds, and Ojukwu was forced to flee to the Ivory Coast. Four days later, Biafra surrendered to Nigeria.
Jul 6, 1775: Congress issues a "Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms"
On this day in 1775, one day after restating their fidelity to King George III and wishing him "a long and prosperous reign" in the Olive Branch Petition, Congress sets "forth the causes and necessity of their taking up arms" against British authority in the American colonies. The declaration also proclaimed their preference "to die free men rather than live as slaves."
As in the Olive Branch Petition, Congress never impugned the motives of the British king. Instead, they protested, "The large strides of late taken by the legislature of Great Britain toward establishing over these colonies their absolute rule..." Congress provided a history of colonial relations in which the king served as the sole governmental connection between the mother country and colonies, until, in their eyes, the victory against France in the Seven Years' War caused Britain's "new ministry finding all the foes of Britain subdued" to fall upon "the unfortunate idea of subduing her friends also." According to the declaration, the king's role remained constant, but "parliament then for the first time assumed a power of unbounded legislation over the colonies of America," which resulted in the bloodletting at Lexington and Concord in April 1775.
At this point, Congress assumed that if the king could merely be made to understand what Parliament and his ministers had done, he would rectify the situation and return the colonists to their rightful place as fully equal members of the British empire. When the king sided with Parliament, however, Congress moved beyond a Declaration of Arms to a Declaration of Independence.
Jul 6, 1944: Georges Mandel, French patriot, is executed
On this day in 1944, Georges Mandel, France's minister of colonies and vehement opponent of the armistice with Germany, is executed in a wood outside Paris by collaborationist French.
Born into a prosperous Jewish family (his given name was Louis-Georges Rothschild, though no relation to the banking family) in 1885, Mandel's political career began at age 21 as a member of the personal staff of French Premier Georges Clemenceau. He went on to serve in the National Assembly from 1919 to 1924, and then again from 1928 to 1940. Although a political conservative, he fell into conflict with fellow conservatives over their too-often pro-German sympathies, especially during the two world wars.
In 1940, he was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior by then French Premier Paul Reynaud, with whom he shared the conviction that no armistice should be made with the German invaders, and that the battle should continue, even if only from France's colonies in Africa. After the resignation of Reynaud and the establishment of the Petain/Vichy government, Mandel sailed to Morocco, where he was arrested and sent back to France and imprisoned. He was then handed over to the Germans, and put in concentration camps in Oranienburg and Buchenwald. On July 4, 1944, he was shipped back to Paris, where the French security police, the Milice, took him out to a wood and shot him. As he was being handed over to his countrymen by the German SS, he said: "To die is nothing. What is sad is to die without seeing the liberation of the country and the restoration of the Republic."
Jul 6, 1942: Frank family takes refuge
In Nazi-occupied Holland, 13-year-old Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family are forced to take refuge in a secret sealed-off area of an Amsterdam warehouse. The day before, Anne's older sister, Margot, had received a call-up notice to be deported to a Nazi "work camp."
Born in Germany on June 12, 1929, Anne Frank fled to Amsterdam with her family in 1933 to escape Nazi persecution. In the summer of 1942, with the German occupation of Holland underway, 12-year-old Anne began a diary relating her everyday experiences, her relationship with her family and friends, and observations about the increasingly dangerous world around her. On July 6, fearing deportation to a Nazi concentration camp, the Frank family took shelter in a factory run by Christian friends. During the next two years, under the threat of murder by the Nazi officers patrolling just outside the warehouse, Anne kept a diary that is marked by poignancy, humor, and insight.
On August 4, 1944, just two months after the successful Allied landing at Normandy, the Nazi Gestapo discovered the Frank's "Secret Annex." The Franks were sent to the Nazi death camps along with two of the Christians who had helped shelter them, and another Jewish family and a single Jewish man with whom they had shared the hiding place. Anne and most of the others ended up at the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Anne's diary was left behind, undiscovered by the Nazis.
In early 1945, with the Soviet liberation of Poland underway, Anne was moved with her sister, Margot, to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. Suffering under the deplorable conditions of the camp, the two sisters caught typhus and died in early March. After the war, Anne's diary was discovered undisturbed in the Amsterdam hiding place and in 1947 was translated into English and published. An instant best-seller and eventually translated into more than 30 languages, The Diary of Anne Frank has served as a literary testament to the six million Jews, including Anne herself, who were silenced in the Holocaust.
Jul 6, 1935: Dalai Lama, leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born
On this day, an infant named Tenzin Gyatso, future leader of Tibet and bestselling author, is born to a peasant family in Takster, Tibet. At age two, he will be declared the Dalai Lama. In 1999, he will have two bestsellers on the nonfiction lists.
In 1937, the child was declared the reincarnation of a great Buddhist spiritual leader and named the 14th Dalai Lama. His leadership rights were exercised by a regency until 1950. That same year, he was forced to flee by the Chinese but negotiated an agreement and returned to lead Tibet for the next eight years. In 1959, an unsuccessful Tibetan nationalist uprising led to a crackdown by China, and the Dalai Lama fled to Punjab, India, where he established his democratic government in exile. In 1989, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his commitment to the nonviolent liberation of Tibet.
In 1998, his book The Art of Happiness, written with psychiatrist Howard Cutler, became a bestseller. His next book, Ethics for the New Millennium (1999), cracked the bestseller lists in August 1999, giving him two titles in the Top 10. Both books offered guidance for happy, simple living. Although drawing on Buddhist teachings, the books argue that spiritual faith is not necessary to live a contented, peaceful life.
He has since written several more books and, in 2005, was named one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people.
Jul 6, 1918: Czech troops take Russian port of Vladivostok for Allies
On July 6, 1918, troops of the Czech Legion, fighting on behalf of the Allies during World War I and for the cause of their own independent Czecho-Slovak state, declare the Russian port of Vladivostok, on the Pacific Ocean, to be an Allied protectorate, having gained control of the port and overthrown the local Bolshevik administration a week earlier.
When World War I broke out in the summer of 1914, the countries now known as the Czech Republic and Slovakia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now fighting with Germany against the Allies—Russia, France and Great Britain. Czechs who enlisted in the Austro-Hungarian army found themselves fighting against their countrymen—many Czechs had emigrated to Russia near the turn of the century, mostly settling in and around Kiev, the capital of Ukraine—and began to bristle under Austro-Hungarian rule and in many cases to surrender voluntarily to the Russian enemy. In 1917, Thomas Masaryk, a professor of philosophy, pan-Slavist and ardent Czech nationalist, began lobbying the Russian government to let him raise a full Czecho-Slovak army in Russia to fight against the Central Powers. After the abdication of Czar Nicholas II in March, the provisional government allowed Masaryk to go ahead with his plan, and the Czech Legion was formed.
Over the next year, however, the Russian war effort collapsed, amid crushing losses to Germany on the Eastern Front and inner turmoil, culminating in November, when the radical socialist Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power from the provisional government and almost immediately called for an armistice with the Central Powers. The Czech Legion, finding itself abandoned by its Russian comrades, decided to keep up the fight. Blocked by German forces from joining the other Allies on the Western Front in France, they headed east, coming into conflict with Bolshevik forces along the way.
By the summer of 1918, the Czech Legion had reached the Russian Pacific port of Vladivostok, where they overthrew the local Bolshevik administration on June 29. On July 6, the legion declared the port to be an Allied protectorate. That same day, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson lauded the Czecho-Slovak contribution to the war effort, suggesting that some 12,000 Japanese troops be dispatched to Vladivostok in order to relieve the Czech Legion and allow them to proceed to the battlefields of France, a suggestion the Japanese accepted. On the following day, more Czech troops toppled Red army units and occupied the city of Irkutsk, in Siberia, spreading Allied control of the Russian Far East and Siberia just as Germany was consolidating its holds in southern Russia and the Caucasus.
In a statement issued on July 27, 1918, Masaryk, in his position as chairman of the Czecho-Slovak National Council, pointed to his countrymen currently fighting in Russia as a further argument for Allied recognition of their independence. In Masaryk's words: The Czecho-Slovak Army is one of the allied armies, and it is as much under the orders of the Versailles War Council as the French or American Army. No doubt the Czecho-Slovak boys in Russia are anxious to avoid participation in a possible civil war in Russia, but they realize at the same time that by staying where they are they may be able to render far greater services, both to Russia and the Allied cause, than if they were transported to France. They are at the orders of the Supreme War Council of the Allies.
The following September, with World War I in its last months, U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing declared de facto recognition of the Czecho-Slovak republic as an independent state, with Masaryk as its leader. Based on the fighting in Russia by Czecho-Slovak forces against the Central Powers, Lansing wrote that The Government of the United States further declares that it is prepared to enter formally into relations with the de facto government thus recognized for the purpose of prosecuting the war against the common enemy, the empires of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The republic of Czechoslovakia—made up of the former Austro-Hungarian territories of Bohemia, Moravia, part of Silesia, Slovakia and sub-Carpathian Ruthenia—was subsequently proclaimed at Prague in October 1918.
July 6, 1957: Althea Gibson is first African American to win Wimbledon
On this day in 1957, Althea Gibson claims the women's singles tennis title at Wimbledon and becomes the first African American to win a championship at London's All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.
Gibson was born on August 25, 1927, in Silver, South Carolina, and raised in the Harlem section of New York City. She began playing tennis as a teenager and went on to win the national black women's championship twice. At a time when tennis was largely segregated, four-time U.S. Nationals winner Alice Marble advocated on Gibson's behalf and the 5'11" player was invited to make her U.S. Open debut in 1950. In 1956, Gibson's tennis career took off and she won the singles title at the French Open--the first African American to do so--as well as the doubles' title there. In July 1957, Gibson won Wimbledon, defeating Darlene Hard, 6-3, 6-2. (In 1975, Arthur Ashe became the first African-American man to win the men's singles title at Wimbledon, when he defeated Jimmy Connors.) In September 1957, she won the U.S. Open, and the Associated Press named her Female Athlete of the Year in 1957 and 1958. During the 1950s, Gibson won 56 singles and doubles titles, including 11 major titles.
After winning Wimbledon and the U.S. Open again in 1958, Gibson retired from amateur tennis. In 1960, she toured with the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team, playing exhibition tennis matches before their games. In 1964, Gibson joined the Ladies Professional Golf Association Tour, the first black woman to do so. The trailblazing athlete played pro golf until 1971, the same year in which she was voted into the National Lawn Tennis Association Hall of Fame.
After serving as New Jersey's commissioner of athletics from 1975 to 1985, Althea Gibson died at age 76 from respiratory failure on September 28, 2003, at a hospital in East Orange, New Jersey.
Jul 6, 1957: John meets Paul for the first time
The front-page headline of the Liverpool Evening Express on July 6, 1957, read "MERSEYSIDE SIZZLES," in reference to the heat wave then gripping not just northern England, but all of Europe. The same headline could well have been used over a story that received no coverage at all that day: The story of the first encounter between two Liverpool teenagers named John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Like the personal and professional relationship it would lead to, their historic first meeting was a highly charged combination of excitement, rivalry and mutual respect.
It's easy to assume that John and Paul would eventually have met on some other day had a mutual friend not chosen that hot and humid Saturday to make the introduction. But as much as they had in common, the two boys lived in different neighborhoods, went to different schools and were nearly two years apart in age.
Only John was scheduled to perform publicly on July 6, 1957. The occasion was the annual Woolton Parish Church Garden Fete, a parade and outdoor fair at which John and his Quarry Men Skiffle Group had been invited to play. The main attractions were a dog show and a brass band, but a family connection had helped get the Quarry Men added to the bill as a nod to the hundreds of teenagers in attendance. Midway through their first set, 15-year-old Paul McCartney showed up and watched, transfixed, as John, despite his rudimentary guitar skills and his tendency to ad-lib in place of forgotten lyrics, held the crowd with charm and swagger. After the show, it was Paul's turn to impress John.
A mutual friend made the introduction in the nearby church auditorium, where John and his bandmates slouched on folding chairs and barely acknowledged the younger boy. Then Paul pulled out the guitar he was carrying on his back and began playing Eddie Cochran's "Twenty Flight Rock," then Gene Vincent's "Be Bop A Lula," then a medley of Little Richard numbers. As Jim O'Donnell writes in The Day John Met Paul, his book-length account of this historic moment in music history, "A young man not easily astonished, Lennon is astonished." Paul's musicianship far outstripped the older Lennon's, but more than that, John recognized in Paul the same passion Paul had detected in John during his earlier onstage performance. Soon Paul was teaching a rapt John how to tune his guitar and writing out the chords and lyrics to some of the songs he'd just played.
Later that evening, walking home with one of his bandmates, John announced his intentions toward their new acquaintance. Two weeks later, John Lennon invited Paul McCartney to join the Quarry Men.
Jul 6, 1862: Mark Twain begins reporting in Virginia City
Writing under the name of Mark Twain, Samuel Clemens begins publishing news stories in the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise.
Born in Missouri in 1835, Clemens followed a circuitous route to becoming an observer and writer of the American West. As a young man he apprenticed as a printer and worked in St. Louis, New York, and Philadelphia. In 1856, he briefly considered a trip to South America where he thought he could make money collecting coca leaves. A year later, he became a riverboat pilot apprentice on the Mississippi River, and worked on the water for the next four years.
In 1861, Clemens' brother Orion was appointed secretary to the territorial governor of Nevada. Clemens jumped at the offer to accompany Orion on his western adventure. He spent his first year in Nevada prospecting for a gold or silver mine but was no more successful than the vast majority of would-be miners. In need of money, he accepted a job as reporter for a Virginia City, Nevada, newspaper called the Territorial Enterprise. His articles covering the bustling frontier-mining town began to appear on this day in 1862. Like many newspapermen of the day, Clemens adopted a pen name, signing his articles with the name Mark Twain, a term from his old river boating days.
Clemens' stint as a Nevada newspaperman revealed an exceptional talent for writing. In 1864, he traveled farther West to cover the booming state of California. Fascinated by the frontier life, Clemens drew on his western experiences to write one of his first published works of fiction, the 1865 short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." The success of this classic western tall tale catapulted Clemens out of the West, and he became a world-hopping journalist for a California newspaper.
In 1869, Clemens settled in Buffalo, New York, and later in Hartford, Connecticut. All told, Clemens spent only a little more than five years in the West, and the majority of his subsequent work focused on the Mississippi River country and the Northeast. As a result, Clemens can hardly be defined as a western writer. Still, his 1872 account of his western adventures, Roughing It, remains one of the most original and evocative eyewitness accounts of the frontier ever written. More importantly, even his non-western masterpieces like Tom Sawyer (1876) and Huckleberry Finn (1884) reflected a frontier mentality in their rejection of eastern pretentiousness and genteel literary conventions.
Jul 6, 1994: Forrest Gump opens, wins Hanks a second Oscar
On this day in 1994, the movie Forrest Gump opens in U.S. theaters. A huge box-office success, the film starred Tom Hanks in the title role of Forrest, a good-hearted man with a low I.Q. who winds up at the center of key cultural and historical events of the second half of the 20th century.
Forrest Gump was based on a 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, who (like his main character) grew up in Alabama and served in the Army during Vietnam. In the film--which included now-famous lines like “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get”--Forrest is a star runner and ping-pong prodigy who inadvertently rubs elbows with the key figures in a number of landmark events, from Elvis to the Civil Rights Movement to Watergate to the rise of Apple computers. He pursues and eventually marries his childhood friend Jenny, played by Robin Wright Penn, who veered from Forrest’s conservative path and became a hippie in the 1960s. Some commentators argued that Jenny’s eventual demise was a statement about the counter-culture movement in America.
Forrest Gump received 13 Academy Award nominations and took home six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Hanks) and Best Director (Robert Zemeckis). The film also won an Oscar for its then-cutting-edge computer-generated imagery (CGI) special effects, which incorporated Forrest Gump into existing news footage with famous world figures including John F. Kennedy, John Lennon and Richard Nixon.
The win was Hanks’ second in the Best Actor category. A year earlier, the actor had nabbed an Oscar for his starring role as a lawyer with AIDS in Philadelphia (1993). With Forrest Gump, Hanks became only the second actor, after Spencer Tracy, to win back-to-back Oscars. In addition to his Oscar wins, he was nominated for Academy Awards in the Best Actor category for his performances in Big (1988), Saving Private Ryan (1998) and Cast Away (2000).
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place.
1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England.
1253 - Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania.
1348 - Papal bull of Pope Clement VI protecting Jews during the Black Death.
1415 - Jan Hus is burned at the stake.
1483 - England's King Richard III crowned
1484 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of the Congo River.
1491 - Opening ceremony of Daitokuji's Shinju at subtemple
1495 - Battle at Fornovo] French king Charles VIII beats St League
1560 - England/Scotland signs Treaty of Edinburgh
1573 - Pacificatie of Boulogne: new peace treaty with huguenots
1573 - Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
1590 - English admiral Francis Drake takes Portuguese Forts at Taag
1609 - Majesteitsbrief: Emperor Rudolf II grants Bohemia freedom of religion
1621 - Dutch gov-gen John Pieterszoon Coen takes Banda-islands, 15,000 die
1630 - Swedish troops under Gustaf II Adolf land at Peenemunde
1634 - Johan van Walbeecks ships bypass St-Anna Bay, Curacao
1641 - Battle at La Marfée Sedan: Earl Soisson beats French government army
1652 - Fire on Dutch Dam (Amsterdam's city hall burns)
1669 - LaSalle leaves Montreal to explore Ohio River
1673 - French troops conquer Maastricht as part of the Franco-Dutch War
1685 - Battle at Sedgemoor: King James II beats duke of Monmouth
1687 - Newton publishes "Principia" Pirate Legend William Kidd
1699 - Pirate Capt William Kidd is captured in Boston
1770 - Battle at Cesme: Russian fleet beats Turkish
1775 - Congress issues "Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of Taking up Arms," listing grievances but denying intent to be independent
1776 - Dec of Ind announced on front page of "PA Evening Gazette"
1777 - British Gen Burgoyne captures Fort Ticonderoga from Americans
1782 - British-French sea battle at Negapatam (South-Indies)
1785 - Congress unanimously resolves US currency named "dollar" & adopts decimal coinage
1787 - French government proclaims end to stamp/land tax 1787 - Orange troops occupy Area at Duurstede 1798 - US law makes aliens "liable to be apprehended, restrained, ... & removed as alien enemies" 1801 - Battle at Algeciras: French fleet beats British 1840 - Christian Hebbel's "Judith," premieres in Berlin 1848 - Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo 1853 - National Black convention meets (Rochester NY) 1853 - William Wells Brown publishes "Clotel," 1st novel by black American 1854 - 1st Republican state convention (Ripon Wisc) 1858 - Lyman Blake patents shoe manufacturing machine 1862 - Skirmish at Devall's Bluff Arkansas (106 casualties) 1863 - Battle of Williamsport, MD [-Jul 07] 1863 - Northern Territory passes from New South Wales to South Australia 1864 - Battle of Chattahoochee River, GA [->JUL 10] US730 CS600 1869 - Black candidate for lt governor of Va, Dr J H Harris, defeated 1882 - 14 Russian Jews of Bilu, arrive in Jaffa Palestine Bacteriologist Louis Pasteur 1885 - Louis Pasteur successfully tests an anti-rabies vaccine 1886 - Horlick's of Wisconsin offers 1st malted milk to public 1887 - 4th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Lottie Dod beats Blanche Hillyard (62 60) 1892 - Dr Jose Rizal forms League Filipina 1892 - Striking steel workers in Homestead, Pa fire on scabs, killing 7 1892 - Dadabhai Naoroji elected as first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain. 1893 - The small town of Pomeroy, Iowa, is nearly destroyed by a tornado that kills 71 people and injures 200. 1894 - Cleveland sends 2,000 troops to Chicago to suppress Pullman strike 1903 - George Wyman arrives in NYC by motorcycle 51 days out of SF 1905 - Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time. 1908 - Robert Peary's expedition sails from NYC for north pole 1912 - Donald Lippincott runs world record 100m (10.6) 1917 - T E Lawrence captures Port of Agaba from Turkey 1919 - British R-34 lands in NY, 1st airship to cross Atlantic (108 hr) 1919 - William Veeck, sportswriter, replaces Fred Mitchell as Cubs president 1920 - Yankees score 14 in 5th inning & beat Washington Senators, 17-0 1922 - Dutch auto/airplane manufacturer Trompenburg declares bankruptcy 1923 - 36th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Suzanne Lenglen beats K McKane (62 62) 1923 - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics form 1924 - 1st photo sent experimentally across Atlantic by radio, US-England 1928 - 1st all-talking motion picture shown in NY (Lights of NY) 1928 - Worlds largest record hailstone 1.5 lbs (7 inchs in diameter)) at the time falls in Potter Nebraska 1929 - St Louis has 2, 10 run innings & beats Phillies 28-6 1931 - 35th US Golf Open: Billy Burke shoots a 292 at Inverness Club Ohio 1932 - 1st class postage back up to 3 cents from 2 cents 1932 - Cubs shortstop Bill Jurges is shot twice in Chicago hotel room by a spurned girlfriend, Violet Popovich Valli 1933 - 1st All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 4-2 at Comiskey Park, Chicago 1935 - 48th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Helen Moody beats H Jacobs (63 36 75) 1935 - Rotterdam architect A van de Steurs Museum Boymans opens 1936 - 114°F (46°C), Moorhead, Minnesota (state record) 1936 - 121°F (49°C), Steele, North Dakota (state record) 1936 - A major breach of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading 200 feet into the River Irwell. 1938 - 6th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 4-1 at Crosley Field, Cincinnati 1939 - German Nazi's close last Jewish enterprises 1941 - NY Yankees unveil a monument to Lou Gehrig in centerfield 1942 - 10th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 3-1 at Polo Grounds, New York Jewish Victim & Diarist of the Holocaust Anne Frank 1942 - Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in After House, Amsterdam 1942 - Von Hoth' IV Pantser army fights with Voronezj 1943 - 2nd day of battle at Kursk: 25,000 German killed 1943 - US destroyer William D Porter [Willie Dee] launched 1944 - 170 die in a fire at Ringling Bros Circus in Hartford Conn 1944 - French General De Gaulle arrives in Washington, DC 1944 - US General Patton lands in France 1945 - Nicaragua becomes 1st nation to formally accept UN Charter 1945 - Harry Truman signs executive order establishing Medal of Freedom 1945 - Wash Senator Rick Ferrell catches a record 1,722 games 1946 - "St Louis Woman" closes at Martin Beck Theater NYC after 113 perfs 1946 - 53rd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Pauline Betz beats Louise Brough (62 64) 1946 - 60th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Yvon Petra beats G Brown (62 64 79 57 64) 1947 - The AK-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union. 1949 - Cin Red Walker Cooper gets 10 RBIs US General George S Patton 1949 - Freak heat wave sent central coast of Portugal to 158°F for 2 minutes 1950 - German DR recognizes Oder-Neisse borders with Poland 1951 - 65th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Dick Savitt beats Ken McGregor (64 64 64)
1952 - Last tram ride in London 1954 - KMOS TV channel 6 in Sedalia-Warrensburg, MO (PBS) begins broadcasting 1954 - Tunisian government of M'zali, resigns 1956 - 70th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Lew Hoad beats Ken Rosewall (62 46 75 64) 1956 - 85th British Golf Open: Peter Thomson shoots a 286 at Hoylake England 1956 - Ford Frick inaugurates Cy Young Award, to honor to outstanding pitcher 1956 - Indians' Jim Busby hits a grand slam in two consecutive at bats 1957 - 64th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Althea Gibson beats Darlene Hard (63 62) 1957 - Harry S Truman Library forms in Independence, Missouri 1958 - Adolfo Lopez Mateos elected pres of Mexico 1958 - Alaska becomes 49th state 1959 - 5th LPGA Championship won by Betsy Rawls 1959 - Saar becomes part of German Federal Republic 1959 - WENH TV channel 11 in Durham, NH (PBS) begins broadcasting 1960 - Dr Barbara Moore completes a 3,207 mile walk from LA to NYC 1961 - Portuguese ship explode near Mozambique, kills 300 1962 - 76th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Rod Laver beats Martin Mulligan (62 62 61) 1962 - Emir Said al-Djazairi takes van Algerian throne in Syria 1962 - Mantle hits his 3rd & 4th consecutive homer 1962 - Nuclear test shot Sedan; part of Operation Plowshare. 1963 - 70th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: M Smith beats Billie J King (63 64) 1963 - 77th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: C McKinley beats Fred Stolle (97 61 64) 1963 - South African worker's union leader Billy Nair arrested 1964 - Beatles' film "Hard Day's Night" premieres in London 1964 - Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) declares independence from UK 1965 - Rock group "Jefferson Airplane" forms 1966 - Malawi becomes a republic, Dr Hastings Kamuzu Banda becomes pres 1967 - Biafran War erupts as Nigerian forces invade 1968 - 75th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Billie Jean King beats J Tegart (97 75) 1968 - Sacharov publishes "Manifest of 10,000 words" 1969 - Filming begins on "Ned Kelly" starring Mick Jagger 1969 - Frente Obrero y Liberacion (FOL) forms in Curacao 1970 - California passes 1st "no fault" divorce law 1970 - Italian Rumor government resigns 1971 - Dr Hastings Kamuzu Banda sworn in as President for Life of Malawi 1971 - White House Plumbers unit formed to plug news leaks 1974 - 88th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Jimmy Connors beats K Rosewall (61 61 64) 1975 - Argentine government falls 1975 - Comoros declare independence from France (most of them) 1975 - Dmitri Shostakovitch completes Sonate for alto opus 147 1975 - Susie McAllister wins LPGA Wheeling Ladies Golf Classic 1976 - Soyuz 21 carries 2 cosmonauts to Salyut 5 space station 1977 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island 1978 - Israeli jet fighters swooped over mostly Moslem West Beirut 1978 - The Taunton sleeping car fire occurred in Taunton, Somerset killing twelve people. 1979 - 86th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: M Navratilova beats Chris Evert (64 64) 1979 - IRA-bomb explodes in British consulate in Antwerp 1980 - Amy Alcott wins LPGA Mayflower Golf Classic 1980 - France performs nuclear test 1980 - Steve Carlton (14-4) pitches most strikeouts by a lefty (2,836) 1983 - 54th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 13-3 at Comiskey Park, Chicago 1983 - Supreme Court rules retirement plans can't pay women less 1983 - Fred Lynn of Angels hits All Star game 1st grand slam (AL wins 13-3) 1986 - 100th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Boris Becker beats Ivan Lendl (64 63 75) 1986 - Amy Alcott wins LPGA Mazda Hall of Fame Golf Championship 1986 - Bob Horner becomes 11th player to hit 4 home runs in a game 1986 - Ex-minister Arturo Tolentino failed coup in Philippines 1986 - Premier Nakasones Liberal Democr Party wins Japan's election 1987 - 1st of 3 massacres by Sikh extremists takes place in India 1987 - Pakistan score their 1st innings win over England, at Leeds 1987 - USSR performs nuclear test 1988 - Carlos Salinas de Gortari elected president of Mexico 1988 - North Sea oil platform Piper Alpha explodes, 166 die 1988 - Wrestler Jake Roberts convicted of battery 1989 - Despite retiring May 29, Mike Schmidt elected to start All Star game 1989 - US marshals & FCC seize pirate radio station WHOT in Brooklyn 1990 - "Jetson's the Movie" with Tiffany, premieres 1990 - After pitching a no-hitter lose, NY Yankee Andy Hawkins pitches a complete 12 inn game & loses 2-0 Tennis Player Steffi Graf 1991 - 98th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Steffi Graf beats G Sabatini (64 36 86) 1992 - Fay Vincent realigns NL, putting Cubs, Cards & Rockies in West & Cards, Braves & Marlins in East 1993 - Graham Thorpe scores 114 on Test Cricket debut, England v Australia 1993 - John F Kennedy Jr, gives notice of quitting as ADA in Manhattan 1994 - Irina Privalova runs 100m European Record (10.77) 1994 - Lerou Burrell runs world record 100m (9.85) 1994 - Shreveport Pirates 1st CFL game (vs Ottawa) 1995 - Lottie Dod, 15, beats Blanch Bingley at Wimbledon 1996 - 103rd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: S Graf beats Aranxta S Vicaro (63, 75)
1996 - Yankee John Weteland sets record of 20th cons saves en route to 24
1997 - "Dream-Johnny Mercer Musical," closes at Royale NYC after 109 perfs
1997 - 111th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Pete Sampras beats C Pioline (64 62 64)
1997 - Jamie Farr Kroger Classic
1997 - Kelly Robbins wins LPGA Jamie Farr Kroger Classic
1997 - Montreal Expos retire Andre Dawson's uniform #10
1997 - Wimbledon Gigi Fernandez & Natasha Zvereva beat N Arendt & M Bollegraf
1998 - Hong Kong's Kai Tak Airport is closed and the new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok becomes operational.
1999 - U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic, Calpernia Addams.
2003 - The 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message Cosmic Call 2 to 5 stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri, HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris that will arrive to these stars in 2036, 2040, 2044, 2044 and 2049 respectively.
2006 - The Nathula Pass between India and China, sealed during the Sino-Indian War, re-opens for trade after 44 years.
2009 - Jadranka Kosor became first female Prime minister of Croatia.
2012 - Gunmen kill 18 people in Turbat, Pakistan
1483 - King Richard III of England was crowned. 1699 - Captain William Kidd, the pirate, was captured in Boston, MA, and deported back to England. 1777 - British forces captured Fort Ticonderoga during the American Revolution. 1854 - In Jackson, MI, the Republican Party held its first convention. 1858 - Lyman Blake patented the shoe manufacturing machine. 1885 - Louis Pasteur successfully tested his anti-rabies vaccine. The child used in the test later became the director of the Pasteur Institute. 1905 - Fingerprints were exchanged for the first time between officials in Europe and the U.S. The person in question was John Walker. 1917 - During World War I, Arab forces led by T.E. Lawrence captured the port of Aqaba from the Turks. 1919 - A British dirigible landed in New York at Roosevelt Field. It completed the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship. 1923 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established. 1928 - "The Lights of New York" was previewed in New York's Strand Theatre. It was the first all-talking movie. 1932 - The postage rate for first class mail in the U.S. went from 2-cents to 3-cents. 1933 - The first All-Star baseball game was held in Chicago. The American League beat the National League 4-2. 1942 - Diarist Anne Frank and her family took refuge from the Nazis in Amsterdam. 1945 - U.S. President Truman signed an order creating the Medal of Freedom. 1945 - Nicaragua became the first nation to formally accept the United Nations Charter. 1947 - "Candid Microphone" began airing on ABC radio. 1948 - Frieda Hennok became the first woman to serve as the commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission. 1957 - Althea Gibson won the Wimbledon women’s singles tennis title. She was the first black athlete to win the event. 1966 - Malawi became a republic within the Commonwealth with Dr. Hastings Banda as its first president. 1967 - The Biafran War erupted. The war lasted two-and-a-half years. About 600,000 people died. 1981 - Former President of Argentina Isabel Peron was freed after five years of house arrest by a federal court. 1981 - The Dupont Company announced an agreement to purchase Conoco, Inc. (Continental Oil Co.) for $7 billion. At the time it was the largest merger in corporate history. 1983 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that retirement plans could not pay women smaller monthly payments solely because of their gender. 1983 - Fred Lynn (California Angels) hit the first grand slam in an All-Star game. The American League defeated the National League 13-3. 1985 - Martina Navratilova won her 4th consecutive Wimbledon singles title. 1985 - The submarine Nautilus arrived in Groton, Connecticut. The vessel had been towed from Mare Island Naval Shipyard. 1988 - Several popular beaches were closed in New York City due to medical waste and other debris began washing up on the seashores. 1989 - The U.S. Army destroyed its last Pershing 1-A missiles at an ammunition plant in Karnack, TX. The dismantling was under the terms of the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty. 1996 - Steffi Graf won her seventh Wimbledon title. 1997 - The Mars Pathfinder released Sojourner, a robot rover on the surface of Mars. The spacecraft landed on the red planet on July 4th. 1997 - In Cambodia, Second Prime Minister Hun Sen ousted First Prime Minister Norodom Ranariddh and claimed to have the capital under his control. 1998 - Protestants rioted in many parts of Northern Ireland after British authorities blocked an Orange Order march in Portadown. 2000 - A jury awarded former NHL player Tony Twist $24 million for the unauthorized use of his name in the comic book Spawn and the HBO cartoon series. Co-defendant HBO settled with Twist out of court for an undisclosed amount.
1535 Sir Thomas More was beheaded after refusing to join Henry VIII's Church of England. 1885 Louis Pasteur successfully treated a patient with a rabies vaccine. 1942 Anne Frank and her family sought refuge from the Nazis in Amsterdam. 1944 A fire caused by inept fire-eaters in the main tent of the Ringling Brothers Circus in Hartford, Conn., killed over 160 people. 1957 Althea Gibson won the Wimbledon women's singles tennis title. She was the first black person to win the event. 1997 The Mars rover Sojourner rolled onto the Martian surface. 1998 Roy Rogers, the King of the Cowboys, died.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul06.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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