Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
Oct 3, 1990: East and West Germany reunite after 45 years
Less than one year after the destruction of the Berlin Wall, East and West Germany come together on what is known as "Unity Day." Since 1945, when Soviet forces occupied eastern Germany, and the United States and other Allied forces occupied the western half of the nation at the close of World War II, divided Germany had come to serve as one of the most enduring symbols of the Cold War. Some of the most dramatic episodes of the Cold War took place there. The Berlin Blockade (June 1948--May 1949), during which the Soviet Union blocked all ground travel into West Berlin, and the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 were perhaps the most famous. With the gradual waning of Soviet power in the late 1980s, the Communist Party in East Germany began to lose its grip on power. Tens of thousands of East Germans began to flee the nation, and by late 1989 the Berlin Wall started to come down. Shortly thereafter, talks between East and West German officials, joined by officials from the United States, Great Britain, France, and the USSR, began to explore the possibility of reunification. Two months following reunification, all-German elections took place and Helmut Kohl became the first chancellor of the reunified Germany. Although this action came more than a year before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, for many observers the reunification of Germany effectively marked the end of the Cold War.
Oct 3, 1932: Iraq wins independence
With the admission of Iraq into the League of Nations, Britain terminates its mandate over the Arab nation, making Iraq independent after 17 years of British rule and centuries of Ottoman rule.
Britain seized Iraq from Ottoman Turkey during World War I and was granted a mandate by the League of Nations to govern the nation in 1920. A Hashemite monarchy was organized under British protection in 1921, and on October 3, 1932, the kingdom of Iraq was granted independence. The Iraqi government maintained close economic and military ties with Britain, leading to several anti-British revolts. A pro-Axis revolt in 1941 led to a British military intervention, and the Iraqi government agreed to support the Allied war effort. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown, and for the next two decades Iraq was ruled by a series of military and civilian governments. In 1979, General Saddam Hussein became Iraqi dictator; he held onto power with an iron fist, until disappearing in the face of an American-led coaliation's invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Oct 3, 1967: Writer, singer and folk icon Woody Guthrie dies
On October 3, 1967, Woody Guthrie, godfather of the 1950s folk revival movement, dies.
In 1963, Bob Dylan was asked by the authors of a forthcoming book on Woody Guthrie to contribute a 25-word comment summarizing his thoughts on the man who had probably been his greatest formative influence. Dylan responded instead with a 194-line poem called "Thoughts on Woody Guthrie," which took as its theme the eternal human search for hope. "And where do you look for this hope that yer seekin'?" Dylan asks in the poem, before proceeding to a kind of answer:
You can either go to the church of your choice
Or you can go to Brooklyn State Hospital
You'll find God in the church of your choice
You'll find Woody Guthrie in Brooklyn State Hospital
Woodrow Wilson Guthrie, whom Dylan would later call "the true voice of the American spirit," was a native of Okemah, Oklahoma, who was born in 1912 and thus entered adulthood just as America entered the Great Depression. Already an accomplished, self-taught musician, Woody Guthrie began writing music in earnest following his experiences traveling west to California with other Dust Bowl refugees in the 1930s. His first public exposure came during the latter part of that decade as a regular on radio station KFVD Los Angeles, but his most important work took place following a move to New York City in 1939.
In his first two years in New York, Guthrie made a series of landmark recordings for Alan Lomax of the Library of Congress as well as the album Dust Bowl Ballads, which served as the first introduction for many to a form that Guthrie helped pioneer: protest folk. Most famously in "This Land Is Your Land"—written in 1940 and first recorded in 1944—Guthrie fused long-established American musical traditions with a populist, left-wing political sensibility to create an entirely new template for contemporary folk. In so doing, of course, he laid the groundwork not only for the great folk revival of the 1950s and 60s, but also for such iconoclastic heirs to that movement as Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen.
In his late 30s, Woody Guthrie began to fall ill, displaying the ambiguous physical and psychological symptoms of what would eventually be diagnosed as Huntington's chorea, a genetic disorder that had probably killed his mother in 1930. In the 1950s, treatment for Huntington's generally meant institutionalization in a psychiatric hospital, and Woody Guthrie spent his final 12 years in such facilities. In fact, it was in New Jersey's Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital that a young Bob Dylan first encountered the man he'd traveled all the way from Minnesota to see.
Woody Guthrie was moved to Brooklyn State Hospital in 1961 and again in 1966 to Creedmore Psychiatric Center in the borough of Queens. He died at Creedmore on this day in 1967, at the age of 55.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
2333 BC - The state of Gojoseon (Modern-day Korea) founded by Dangun Wanggeom during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Yao.
52 BC - Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and battle of Alesia.
42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.
1143 - Cardinal Guido elected Pope Coelestinus II
1247 - Willem II of Holland elected Roman Catholic German emperor
1264 - Comet said to predict death of Pope Urban IV is last seen
1283 - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd in Wales, becomes the first person executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
1430 - Jews are expelled from Eger Bohemia
1569 - Battle of Montcontour: Duke of Anjou beats Huguenots
1574 - The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen and the forces of Admiral Boisot
1605 - Chinese uprising on Philippines, Tondo/Quiapo massacre
1657 - French troops occupy Mardyke
1683 - The Qing Dynasty naval commander Shi Lang reaches Taiwan (under the Kingdom of Tungning) to receive the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang and Liu Guoxuan after the Battle of Penghu.
1691 - English & Dutch army occupies Limerick Ireland
1712 - The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.
1735 - France & Emperor Karel VI sign peace accord
1739 - The Treaty of Nissa is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the end of the Russian-Turkish War, 1736-1739.
1778 - Capt Cook anchors at Alaska
1789 - Washington proclaims 1st national Thanksgiving Day on Nov 26
Roman Emperor Augustus CaesarRoman Emperor Augustus Caesar 1835 - Staedtler Company was founded by J.S. Staedtler in Nuremburg, Germany.
1849 - American author Edgar Allan Poe is found delirious in a gutter in Baltimore, Maryland under mysterious circumstances; it is the last time he is seen in public before his death.
1862 - -10] Battle of Corinth, Mississippi
1862 - Skirmish at Bardstown, Kentucky
1863 - Lincoln designates last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day
1872 - Bloomingdale's department store in NY opens
1873 - Captain Jack and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War.
1890 - Capt Guillaume of Kerckhoven marches into Boma Congo
1899 - J S Thurman patents motor-driven vacuum cleaner
1900 - Edward Elgar/Cardinal Newmans oratorium premieres in Birmingham
1904 - France & Spain sign treaty for Morocco Independence
1904 - Giants Christy Mathewson strikes out then record 16 Cards
1904 - Mary McLeod Bethune opens Daytona Normal & Industrial School
1906 - SOS adopted as warning signal by 1st conference on wireless telegraphy
1906 - US regime names Charles Magoon, governor of Cuba
Author Edgar Allan PoeAuthor Edgar Allan Poe 1906 - William Vaughan Moody's "Great Divide," premieres in NYC
1908 - The Pravda newspaper founded by Leon Trotsky, Adolph Joffe, Matvey Skobelev and other Russian exiles in Vienna.
1913 - Federal Income Tax signed into law (at 1%)
1915 - 7.8 earthquake shakes Pleasant Valley Nevada
1918 - Boris becomes king of Bulgaria
1918 - Czar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria does distance of throne
1918 - Selwyn Theater opens at 229 W 42nd St NYC
1919 - Reds Adolfo Luque is 1st Latin player to appear in a World Series
1919 - Serbian, Croatian & Slavic parliment accord for 8 hr work day
1920 - Browns 1st baseman George Sisler gets his record 257th hit of season
1920 - NFL (then American Pro Football Association) plays 1st games
1922 - 1st facsimile photo send over city telephone lines, Washington, DC
1922 - Rebecca Felton of Georgia becomes 1st woman in Senate
1923 - Germany's Stresemann resigns
1924 - King Hussein of Hedzjaz abdicts throne
Russian Revolutionary Leon TrotskyRussian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky 1926 - 1st congress of Paneuropabeweging opens in Vienna
1926 - Violet Percy runs female record marathon (3:40:22)
1928 - French sun "Ondine" sinks returning to Toulon, drowning 42
1929 - British Labour government recovers diplomatic relations with USSR
1929 - Julius Curtius succeeds Stresemann as German foreign minister
1929 - Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes changes name to Yugoslavia
1932 - Iraq gains full independence from Britain, joins League of Nations
1933 - Gustave "Staf" de Clerq forms Flemish National Covenant
1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia
1936 - Yanks set new attendance record of 64,842 in 3rd game of World Series
1939 - Lemmer-Urk Dike closes
1940 - France Vichy government proclaims end to Jewish status
1940 - Reds beat Tigers ending NL's 10-game World Series losing streak
1940 - US forms parachute troops
1941 - Adolf Hitler says Russia is "broken" & would "never rise again"
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler 1941 - All elderly Jewish men of Kerenchug Ukraine, are killed by SS
1941 - Nazi's blow up 6 synagoges in Paris
1942 - FDR forms Office of Economic Stabilization
1942 - Launch of 1st A-4/V-2 rocket to altitude of 53 miles (85 km)
1942 - NY Yanks Frank Crosetti shoves ump Bill Summers in World Series, he is fined $200 & suspended for 1st 30 days of 1943 season
1943 - British 8th army lands at Termoli, East Italy
1943 - Operations begin at PETA Java, defending (Japanese) fatherland
1944 - 1st broadcast of Radio Herrijzend Netherland
1944 - RAF bombs West Kapelse
1945 - Elvis Presley's 1st public appearance, he is 10
1945 - Tigers & Cubs meet in World Series for 4th time
1945 - World Federation of Trade Unions forms; CIO a member
1946 - Cards beat Dodgers 8-4 at Ebbets Field to win NL playoffs 2-0
1947 - "Under the Counter" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 27 performances
1947 - 1st telescope lens 200" (508 cm) in diameter completed
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger & Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1947 - WMAL (now WJLA) TV channel 7 in Washington, DC (ABC) begins
1947 - With only 1 out to go, Yank Floyd Beven gives up a double breaking his World Series no-hit bid, it scored 2 runs & he lost game
1948 - Columbia U reports discovery of uranium in Belgian Congo
1948 - NFL becomes 1st sport televised as sport of week
1949 - WERD, 1st black-owned radio station, opens in Atlanta
1950 - 1st black lead (Ethel Waters) on TV (Beulah)
1950 - Indonesian army opens assault on Ambon, South Moluccas
1950 - Baseball rules Phils lefty Curt Simmons cannot play in World Series despite his being on furlough from Army
1951 - Bobby Thomson HR-Giants win pennant defeating Dodgers
1952 - 1st British nuclear test at Monte Bello Is Australia
1952 - 1st video recording on magnetic tape, LA, Ca
1952 - Great Britain performs nuclear test at Monte Bello Is Australia
1953 - 10th Ryder Cup: US wins 6½-5½ at Wentworth, England
1953 - 7th NHL All-Star Game: All-Stars beat Montreal 3-1 at Montreal
1953 - KGGM TV channel 13 in Albuquerque, NM (CBS) begins broadcasting
1954 - "Father Knows Best" premieres
1954 - KFVS TV channel 12 in Cape Girardeau, MO (CBS) begins broadcasting
1955 - "Captain Kangaroo" premieres on CBS-TV, Good Morning, Captain!
1955 - "Mickey Mouse Club" premieres
1955 - Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira becomes pres of Brazil
1955 - Soviet battleship "Novorossiisk" strikes WW II mine in Baltic Sea
1955 - WDBJ TV channel 7 in Roanoke, VA (CBS) begins broadcasting
1955 - WTVS TV channel 56 in Detroit, MI (PBS) begins broadcasting
1956 - Sal Maglie & Dodgers defeat Yanks 6-3 in opening game of World Series
1957 - Willy Brandt elected mayor of West Berlin
1957 - Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems is ruled not obscene.
1959 - 13th NHL All-Star Game: Montreal beat All-Stars 6-1 at Montreal
1960 - "Flair" (CBS' answer to Monitor) premieres on radio with Dick Van Dyke
1960 - Janio Quadros elected president of Brazil
1960 - SF's White House dept store 1st to accept BankAmericard
1960 - Yanks win 8-7, ending season on a 15 game win streak, & record 193 HRs
1961 - "Dick Van Dyke Show" premieres on CBS-TV
1961 - "Mr Ed" premieres
1961 - "Sail Away" opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 167 performances
1961 - KMED (now KTVL) TV channel 10 in Medford, OR (CBS) begins broadcasting
1962 - "Stop the World, I Want to Get Off" opens at Shubert NYC for 886 perfs
1962 - Dodgers set major league-record season attendance of 2,755,184
1962 - Wally Schirra in Sigma 7 launched into Earth orbit
1963 - "Here's Love" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 338 performances
1963 - Hurricane hits Haiti; about 5,000 die & 100,000 injured
Beat Poet Allen GinsbergBeat Poet Allen Ginsberg 1964 - Yankees clinch their 5th straight pennant, & 29th in club's history
1965 - Cubs tie major league record of 3 triple plays in a season
1965 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Mickey Wright Golf Invitational
1965 - Whitey Ford notches #232 to become Yankees winningest pitcher
1966 - Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva elected president
1967 - KGSC (now KICU) TV channel 36 in San Jose, CA (IND) begins
1967 - King Boudouin inaugurates world's biggest floodgate (Antwerp)
1967 - William Knight sets X-15 speed rec of 7,297 KPH/4,534 MPH/Mach 6.72
1968 - Howard Sacklers "Great White Hope," premieres in NYC
1968 - Military coup overthrows Pres Fernando Belaúnde Terry in Peru
1968 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1970 - "Coco" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC after 333 performances
1970 - Baseball umpires call their 1st strike
1970 - WAPT TV channel 16 in Jackson, MS (ABC) begins broadcasting
1971 - Billie Jean King became 1st female athlete to win $100,000
1972 - Indians set a team record for lowest team batting avg .234
1972 - Spaceflight 71-2 launched; 1st flexible substrate photovoltaic flown
1972 - Steve Carlton wins 27th game for Phillies (almost ½ of their 59 wins)
1972 - USSR performs nuclear test
1972 - Balt Roric Harrison is last AL pitcher to homer until interleague play 25 years later
1973 - Willi Stoph succeeds Walter Ulbricht as East German party leader
1974 - Ted Bundy victim Nancy Wilcox disappears in Salt Lake City, Utah
Brazilian Football Legend PeleBrazilian Football Legend Pele 1974 - Pele retires as soccer player
1974 - Watergate trial begins
1975 - George Harrison releases "Extra Texture" album in UK
1975 - Ireland AKZO director Tiede Herrema kidnap
1976 - Hank Aaron singles in his last at bat & drives in his 2,297th run
1976 - Helmuth Kohl's CDU wins German parliament election
1977 - "Comedy with Music (Victor Borge)" opens at Imperial NYC for 66 perfs
1977 - Indira Gandhi arrested
1978 - Gold hits record $223.50 an ounce in London
1980 - 4 dies in attack on synagogue in Paris
1981 - Brewers (since 1970) & Expos (1969) clinch their 1st-ever postseason
1981 - Irish Nationalist at Maze Prison near Belfast end 7-mo hunger strike
1981 - Mike Weaver beats Quick Tillis in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1982 - Cox 4 rowing record set at 12:52 for 99 miles (Geneva, Switzerland)
1982 - Milwaukee whips Baltimore 10-2 to win AL East championship
Baseball Player Hank AaronBaseball Player Hank Aaron 1982 - Patty Sheehan wins LPGA Inamori Golf Classic
1982 - Record 11,763 start a 186 mile cross-country race near Stockholm
1982 - Scott Weiland runs Detroit marathon backwards in less than 5 hours
1983 - Paul McCartney & Michael Jackson release "Say, Say, Say" in UK
1985 - 21st Shuttle Mission (51J)-Atlantis 1-all-military flight launched
1985 - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) adopts constitution
1985 - Pope John Paul II declares Titus Brandsma divine
1985 - South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands adopts constitution
1986 - Baltimore loses assuring Orioles of their 1st last-place finish
1986 - Soviet Yankee-class sub sinks off NC, 3 die
1986 - TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories, was officially opened.
1987 - Benito Santiago ends longest catcher/rookie hitting streak at 34
1987 - Michael Pruffer of France skis 135.26 MPH at Portillo, Chile
1987 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
1988 - 26th Space Shuttle Mission, Discovery 7 returns to Earth after 4-days
264th Pope John Paul II264th Pope John Paul II 1988 - Criterion Center Theater opens at Broadway bet 44th & 45th Sts NYC
1988 - Lebanese kidnappers release Mithileshwar Singh (held for 30 months)
1988 - WBMW-FM, Wash DC changes calls to WJFK & begins airing Howard Stern
1989 - Panamanian Defense Force attempted coup of Manuel Noriega fails
1990 - East Germany & West Germany merge to become Germany
1990 - George Brett becomes 1st to lead league in batting in 3 decades
1990 - Tiger Cecil Fielder becomes 11th, to hit 50 HRs (& 51st)
1990 - Florida record store owner Charles Freeman is found guilty of obsenity, for selling 2 Live Crew rap records
1991 - 25th Country Music Association Award:
1992 - Atlanta Braves win franchise record 98th game (old record 95 in 1957)
1992 - Madonna premieres her "Erotica" video on MTV
1992 - Sinead O'Connor rips up a picture of Pope John Paul II on Saturday Night Live
1992 - Toronto Blue Jays win AL East title
1993 - "White Liars/Black Comedy" closes at Criterion NYC after 38 perfs
1993 - Battle at TV station Ostankino/Moscow townhall, about 25 killed
Russian President Boris YeltsinRussian President Boris Yeltsin 1993 - Boris Yeltsin declares state of emergency in Moscow
1993 - Harry Belafonte performs in Tivoli Copenhagen
1993 - Indians play their last game at Cleve Stadium, Chicago wins 4-0
1993 - Somali General Aidids arm forces kill 18 US Rangers
1993 - Giants need to beat Dodgers to force a playoff game with Braves for NL West title, but Dodgers destroy Giants 12-1, Giants end year 103-59
1993 - Battle of Mogadishu: In an attempt to capture officials of warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid's organisation in Mogadishu, Somalia, 18 US Soldiers and about 1,000 Somalis are killed in heavy fighting.
1994 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso elected president of Brazil
1994 - Gary Larson, announces he is retiring from doing "Far Side" cartoon
1995 - 1st 1st-class match at Hurstville Oval, Sydney (NSW v W Prov)
1995 - OJ Simpson found not guilty in murder of Nicole Simpson & Ron Goldman
1996 - Thunderdome in Tampa Bay renamed Tropicana Field
1997 - Carolina Hurricanes 1st home game vs Pitts Penguins
1997 - Gordie Howie, 69, plays in 7th decade, with IHL'S Detroit Vipers
1997 - Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record at 280.3 mph
1997 - Vancouver Canucks beats Mighty Ducks, 3-2 in Japan
2003 - Roy Horn of Siegfried & Roy is attacked by one of the shows tigers, canceling the show for good.
2008 - The $700 billion bailout bill for the US financial system is signed by President George W. Bush.
2012 - 34 people are killed by a series of bombings in Aleppo, Syria
1863 - U.S. President Lincoln declared that the last Thursday of November would be recognized as Thanksgiving Day. 1888 - "The Yeomen of the Guard" was performed for the first time. It was the first of 423 shows. 1893 - The motor-driven vacuum cleaner was patented by J.S. Thurman. 1901 - The Victor Talking Machine Company was incorporated. After a merger with Radio Corporation of America the company became RCA-Victor. 1906 - W.T. Grant opened a 25-cent department store. 1922 - Rebecca L. Felton became the first female to hold office of U.S. Senator. She was appointed by Governor Thomas W. Hardwick of Georgia to fill a vacancy. 1929 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes officially changed its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. 1932 - Iraq was admitted into the League of Nations leading Britain to terminate their mandate over the nation. Britain had ruled Iraq since taking it from Turkey during World War I. 1935 - Italian forces invaded Abyssinia (now Ethiopia). 1941 - Adolf Hitler stated in a speech that Russia was "broken" and they "would never rise again." 1942 - The Office of Economic Stabilization was established by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He also authorized controls on rents, wages, salaries and farm prices. 1944 - During World War II, U.S. troops broke through the Siegfried Line. 1946 - "A Day in the Life of Dennis Day" began airing on NBC-TV. 1951 - CBS-TV aired the first coast-to-coast telecast of a prizefight. Dave Sands defeated Carl Olson at Soldier Field in Chicago. 1952 - Britain became the third nuclear power in the world when they successfully detonated their first atomic bomb. The U.S. and Russia were the only other nuclear powers. 1954 - "Father Knows Best" began airing on CBS-TV. 1955 - "Captain Kangaroo" premiered on CBS-TV. 1955 - "The Mickey Mouse Club" premiered on ABC-TV. 1961 - "The Dick Van Dyke Show" debuted on CBS-TV. 1962 - The Sigma VII blasted off from Cape Canaveral for a nine-hour flight. 1962 - The play, "Stop the World, I Want to Get Off!" opened on Broadway. 1974 - Frank Robinson took over the management position of the Cleveland Indians baseball team. He was the first black manager in major league baseball. 1981 - Irish Nationalist in Maze Prison in Belfast, Northern Ireland called off their hunger strike. The strike had lasted 7 months and ten people had died. 1986 - "Tough Guys" was released. It was the first comedy to feature Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas. It was, however, their seventh movie together. 1988 - The space shuttle Discovery landed safely after its four-day mission. It was the first American shuttle mission since the Challenger disaster. 1989 - East Germany suspended unrestricted travel to Czechoslovakia in an effort to slow the flow of refugees to the West. 1989 - Art Shell became the first African-American head coach in the modern NFL when he took over the Los Angeles Raiders. 1990 - The Berlin Wall was dismantled eleven months after the borders between East and West Germany were dissolved. The unification of Germany ended 45 years of division. 1990 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein made a visit to Kuwait since his country had seized control of the oil-rich nation. 1994 - The headquarters of the Haitian pro-army militia was raided by U.S. soldiers. 2001 - ESPN began its 10th season of National Hockey League (NHL) coverage. 2001 - Barry Bonds (San Francisco Giants) broke Babe Ruth's major league single-season record for walks at 171. 2003 - Ray Horn, of the duo "Siegfried & Roy," was attacked by tiger during a performance. Roy survived the attack after being dragged offstage. The tiger, a 7-year-old male named Montecore, was debuting in his first show. 2006 - North Korea announced that it would conduct a nuclear test as a key step in the manufacture of atomic bombs that it viewed as a deterrent against a U.S. attack. A date for the test was not announced. 2006 - The Dow Jones industrial average closed at a new high ending the day at 11,727.34. Earlier in the session, the Dow had risen to 11,758.95. Both previous records had been set on January 14, 2000.
1226 St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, died. 1863 President Lincoln declared the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day. 1922 Rebecca L. Felton became the first woman U.S. Senator when she was appointed to serve out the term of Senator Thomas E. Watson. 1929 The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes formally changed its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. 1955 Captain Kangaroo and The Mickey Mouse Club premiered on television. 1974 Frank Robinson was named the first African-American manager in major league baseball. 1990 East Germany and West Germany united to become Germany, 45 years after being split into two countries at the end of World War II.
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