http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
July 30, 1943: Hitler gets news of Italy's imminent defection
On this day in 1943, Adolf Hitler learns that Axis ally Italy is buying time before negotiating surrender terms with the Allies in light of Mussolini's fall from power.
Hitler had feared that such a turn of events was possible, if not probable. Hitler had come to Italy on July 19 to lecture Il Duce on his failed military leadership—evidence that he knew, even if he was not admitting, that both Mussolini and Italy were about to collapse, leaving the Italian peninsula open to Allied occupation. Despite a half-hearted reassurance from Mussolini that Italy would continue to battle on, Hitler nevertheless began preparing for the prospect of Italy's surrender to the Allies.
When Mussolini was ousted from power and arrested by his own police six days later. Hitler gathered Goering, Goebbels, Himmler, Rommel, and the commander in chief of the German navy, Karl Doenitz, at his headquarters to reveal the plans of action he had already been formulating. Among them: (1) Operation Oak, in which Mussolini would be rescued from captivity; (2) the occupation of Rome by German forces and the reinstallation of Mussolini and his fascist government; (3) Operation Black, the German occupation of all Italy; and (4) Operation Axis, the destruction of the Italian fleet (in order to prevent it from being commandeered for Allied use).
Hitler's advisers urged caution, especially since it would require recalling troops from the Eastern front. The Allies had not made a move on Rome yet, and although Mussolini was under arrest, the Italian government had not formally surrendered. Germany had received assurances from Mussolini's successor, General Badoglio, that Italy would continue to fight at Germany's side. Then on July 30, Hitler read a message from his security police chief in Zagreb that an Italian general had confided to a Croat general that Italy's assurances of loyalty to Germany were "designed merely to gain time for the conclusion of negotiations with the enemy."
Here's a bit on healthcare history in the United States:
July 30, 1965: Johnson signs Medicare into law
On this day in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Medicare, a health insurance program for elderly Americans, into law. At the bill-signing ceremony, which took place at the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, former President Harry S. Truman was enrolled as Medicare's first beneficiary and received the first Medicare card. Johnson wanted to recognize Truman, who, in 1945, had become the first president to propose national health insurance, an initiative that was opposed at the time by Congress.
The Medicare program, providing hospital and medical insurance for Americans age 65 or older, was signed into law as an amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935. Some 19 million people enrolled in Medicare when it went into effect in 1966. In 1972, eligibility for the program was extended to Americans under 65 with certain disabilities and people of all ages with permanent kidney disease requiring dialysis or transplant. In December 2003, President George W. Bush signed into law the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA), which added outpatient prescription drug benefits to Medicare.
Medicare is funded entirely by the federal government and paid for in part through payroll taxes. Medicare is currently a source of controversy due to the enormous strain it puts on the federal budget. Throughout its history, the program also has been plagued by fraud--committed by patients, doctors and hospitals--that has cost taxpayers billions of dollars.
Medicaid, a state and federally funded program that offers health coverage to certain low-income people, was also signed into law by President Johnson on July 30, 1965, as an amendment to the Social Security Act.
In 1977, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) was created to administer Medicare and work with state governments to administer Medicaid. HCFA, which was later renamed the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), is part of the Department of Health and Human Services and is headquartered in Baltimore.
Here's a bit more of some new to have happened on this date in history - England won their first (and so far only) World Cup:
July 30, 1966: England wins World Cup
In the first televised World Cup soccer match, host-nation England beats Germany 4 to 2 to win the tournament final at Wembley Stadium. In overtime play, England's Geoff Hurst scored his second of three match goals to give Britain a 3 to 2 lead. In the dying seconds of overtime play, he scored his third goal, making the score 4 to 2 and handing England the Jules Rimet Trophy for the first time in the World Cup's 36-year history. English star Bobby Charlton was marked on the field by German Franz Beckenbauer, an emerging talent who held the English midfielder to no goals. Hurst's second goal later stirred considerable controversy when film footage suggested that it failed to cross the goal line after bouncing off the crossbar.
England won the World Cup.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
579 - Benedict I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
657 - St Vitalian begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Eugene I
1178 - Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, crowned King of Burgundy
1419 - Anti-Catholic Hussites, followers of executed reformer Jan Hus, storm the Prague town hall and throw the judge, mayor and several city council members (either 7 or 13) out the windows. They all either died in the fall or were killed by the crowd outside.
1502 - Christopher Columbus landed at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
1537 - Resistant of Bomy: French/Dutch cease fire
1601 - Spanish garrison of Rhine birch surrenders to Earl Mauritius
1618 - Prince Maurits' troops pull into Utrecht
1619 - The first representative assembly in America convened in Jamestown, VA. (House of Burgesses)
1626 - Earthquake hits Naples; 10,000 die
1629 - An earthquake in Naples, Italy kills 10,000 people.
1646 - English parliament sets king Charles I Newcastle Propositions
1650 - Prince Willem II occupies Amsterdam
1653 - Johan de Witt sworn in as pension advisor of Holland
1655 - Dutch troops occupy Fort Assahudi Seram
1678 - English troops land in Flanders
1715 - Spanish gold & silver fleet disappears off St Lucie, Florida
1729 - The city of Baltimore was founded in Maryland.
1733 - The first Freemasons lodge opened in what would later become the United States in Boston.
1739 - Caspar Wistar begins glass manufacturing in Allowaystown, NJ
King of England King Charles IKing of England King Charles I 1756 - Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
1775 - Capt Cook with Resolution returns to England
1792 - 500 Marseillaisian men sing France's national anthem for 1st time
1809 - British armed force of 39,000 lands in Walcheren
1811 - Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Mexico.
1822 - James Varick becomes 1st bishop of Afr Meth Episcopal Zion Church
1824 - Gioacchino Rossini becomes manager of Theatre Italian, Paris
1825 - Malden Island is discovered.
1826 - Java prince Dipo Negoro surprise attacks Dutch colony, 82 killed
1836 - 1st English newspaper published in Hawaii
1839 - Slave rebels, take over slaver Amistad
1844 - 1st US yacht club organized, NY Yacht Club
1863 - Pres Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot
1863 - Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
1864 - Battle of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania - burned by Union forces under McCausland
1864 - Battle of the Crater: Gen Burnsides fails on attack of Petersburg
1865 - Pope Pius IX visits Suriname
1866 - New Orleans's Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150.
1870 - Staten Island ferry "Westfield" burns, killing 100
1872 - Mahlon Loomis patents wireless telegraphy
1874 - 1st baseball teams to play outside US, Boston-Phila in British Isles
1878 - German anti-semitism begins during the Reichstag election
1878 - Russian assault on Plevna Turkey, 7,300 Russian casualties
1889 - Start of Sherlock Holmes adventure "Naval Treaty" (BG)
1898 - Will Kellogg invents Corn Flakes
1898 - "Scientific America" carried the first magazine automobile ad. The ad was for the Winton Motor Car Company of Cleveland, OH.
1902 - Anti-Jewish rioters attack funeral procession of Rabbi Joseph (NYC)
1905 - Dutch Covenant of Worker's union, NVV, forms
1908 - Around the World Automobile Race ends in Paris
1909 - John A Heyder becomes president of baseball's National League
1909 - Wright Brothers deliver 1st military plane to the army
1913 - Conclusion of 2nd Balkan War
1914 - Austrian-Hungary & Russia proclaim general mobilization
1914 - French troops withdraw 10 km from German border
1914 - John French appointed British supreme commander
1916 - German saboteurs blow up a munitions plant on Black Tom Island, NJ
1916 - Black Tom Island explosion in Jersey City, NJ.
1917 - Board of Commissioners of Cleveland Metroparks has its 1st meeting
1923 - New Zealand claims Ross Dependency
1926 - Albanian boundaries deduced
1928 - George Eastman shows 1st color motion pictures (US)
1930 - 1st broadcast of "Death Valley Days" on NBC-radio
1930 - Uruguay beats Argentina 4-2 for soccer's 1st World Cup in Montevideo
1932 - 10th modern Olympic games opens in Los Angeles
1932 - Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" premiered. It was the first Academy Award winning cartoon and first cartoon short to use Technicolor. Disney movies, music and books
1933 - 28th Davis Cup: Great Britain beats France in Paris (3-2)
1935 - 1st Penguin book is published, starting the paperback revolution
1937 - Phillies Dolph Camilli, plays 1st base & registers no put outs
1937 - The American Federation of Radio Artists (AFRA) was organized as a part of the American Federation of Labor.
1938 - Gen Metaxas names himself premier of Greece
1939 - Belgium Sylvere Maes wins 33rd Tour de France
1941 - German occupiers forbid SDAP, VDB, ARP, RKSP, CHU & SGP in Netherlands
1942 - FDR signs bill creating women's Navy auxiliary agency (WAVES)
1942 - German SS kills 25,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia
1942 - German occupiers set night curfew on Jews in Netherlands
1942 - The WAVES were created by legislation signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The members of the Women's Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service were a part of the U.S. Navy.
1943 - Last Judy Garland-Mickey Rooney movie released (Girl Crazy)
1943 - US 45th Infantry division occupies San Stefano
1944 - Heavy battles at Tessy-sur-Vire & Villebaudon Normandy
1944 - US 30th division reaches suburbs of St-Lo Normandy
1945 - Philippines Sea: US cruiser Indianapolis torpedoed/sinks, 880 die
1945 - The USS Indianapolis was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. The ship had just delivered key components of the Hiroshima atomic bomb to the Pacific island of Tinian. Only 316 out of 1,196 men aboard survived the attack.
1946 - 1st rocket attains 100 mi (167 km) altitude, White Sands, NM
1947 - Cin Reds 16 game win streak ends, losing to NY Giants 5-4
1948 - Emile Zatopek runs Olympic record (10K - 29:59.6)
1948 - Professional wrestling premieres on prime-time network TV (DuMont)
1949 - British warship HMS Amethyst escape down Yangtze River, having been refused a safe passage by Chinese Communists after 3-month standoff
1951 - Ty Cobb testifies before the Emanuel Celler committee, denying that the reserve clause makes peons of baseball players
1952 - Ford Frick sets waiver rule to bar inter-league deals until all clubs in same league get right to bid
1953 - RikidÅzan holds a ceremony announcing the establishment of the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance.
1954 - Bob Kennedy hits the 1st grand slam for the new Baltimore Orioles
1954 - Elvis Presley joins Memphis Federation of Musicians, Local 71
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger & Cultural Icon Elvis Presley
1955 - Louison Bobet wins his 3rd Tour de France
1956 - US motto "In God We Trust" authorized
1956 - The phrase "In God We Trust" was adopted as the U.S. national motto.
1959 - In his major league debut, SF Giant Willie McCovey goes 4-for-4
1960 - 1st AFL preseason game Boston Patriots defeat Bills in Buffalo (28-7)
1961 - 43rd PGA Championship: Jerry Barber shoots a 277 at Olympia Fields IL
1961 - Judy Kimball wins LPGA American Women's Golf Open
1962 - 33rd All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 9-4 at Wrigley Field, Chicago
1962 - All star MVP: Leon Wagner (LA Angels)
1963 - British spy Kim Philby found in Moscow
1964 - US naval fire on Hon Ngu/Hon Mo, North Vietnam
1965 - Charles Ives' "From the Steeples & the Mountains," premieres
1965 - Duke Ellington's "Golden Brown & the Green Apple," premieres
1965 - LBJ signs Medicare bill, which goes into effect in 1966
1965 - Milwaukee manager Bobby Bragan says his pitchers threw 75 to 80 spitballs in a 9-2 loss to the Giants
1965 - U.S. President Johnson signed into law Social Security Act that established Medicare and Medicaid. It went into effect the following year.
1966 - Beatles' "Yesterday... & Today," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 5 weeks
1966 - England beats West Germany 4-2 for soccer's 8th World Cup in London
1966 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Supertest Ladies Golf Open
1966 - US airplanes bombs demilitarized zone in Vietnam
1967 - Clifford Ann Creed/Margie Masters wins Yankee Ladies' Team Golf Champ
1967 - Race riot in Milwaukee (4 killed)
1968 - Beatles' Apple Boutique closes, entire inventory is given away
1968 - Wash Senator Ron Hansen makes 1st unassisted triple-play in 41 years
1968 - Ron Hansen (Washington Senators) made the first unassisted triple play in the major leagues in 41 years.
1969 - Astros Denis Menke & Jim Wynn hit grandslams in 9th inn vs Mets
1969 - Barbra Streisand opens for Liberace at International Hotel, Las Vegas
1969 - KAEC TV channel 19 in Lufkin, TX (ABC) begins broadcasting
1969 - Mariner 6 passes Venus on 3410 km (74 photos)
1970 - -Aug 5] Hurricane Celia, kills 31 in Cuba, Florida & Texas
1970 - 30,000 attend Powder Ridge Rock Festival, Middlefield Ct
1971 - 38th NFL Chicago All Star Game: Baltimore 24, All Stars 17 (52,289)
1971 - George Harrison releases "Bangladesh"
1971 - Japanese Boeing 727 collides with an F-86 fighter killing 162
1971 - US Apollo 15 (Scott & Irwin) lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon
1972 - "Ain't Supposed to Die Death" closes at Barrymore NYC after 325 perfs
Singer & Actress Barbra StreisandSinger & Actress Barbra Streisand 1972 - Jan Ferraris wins LPGA Lady Pepsi Golf Open
1973 - Texas Rangers Jim Bibby no-hits 1st-place Oakland, 6-0
1974 - House Judiciary Committee votes on 3rd & last charge of "high crimes & misdemeanors" to impeach President Nixon in the Watergate cover-up
1974 - The U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary Committee voted to impeach President Nixon for blocking the Watergate investigation and for abuse of power, voted on 3rd & last charge of "high crimes & misdemeanors" to impeach President Nixon in the Watergate cover-up
1975 - Simon Gray's "Otherwise Engaged," premieres in London
1975 - Teamsters Pres Jimmy Hoffa disappears in suburban Detroit
1976 - Giulio Andreotti sworn in as premier of Italy
1976 - Japanese beat Russian for Olympic gold in woman's volleyball
1978 - Expos crush Braves, 19-0, collecting 28 hits & NL-record-tying 8 HRs
1978 - Pat Bradley wins LPGA Hoosier Golf Classic
1980 - Houston Astro pitcher J R Richard suffers a stroke
1980 - Vanuatu (New Hebrides) gains independence from Britain & France
1981 - Belgian Senate accept laws against racism
1981 - Simon Gray's "Quartermaine's Terms," premieres in London
1982 - Atlanta Braves remove Chief Noc-A-Homa to make room for more seats
1982 - USSR performs underground nuclear Test
1983 - Official speed record for a piston-driven aircraft, 832 kph, Calif
1983 - Weight lifter Sergei Didyk of USSR jerks a record 261 kg
1984 - Alvenus tanker at Cameron La, spills 2.8 million gallons of oil
1984 - Holly Roffey (11 days) gets heart transplant
1984 - Soap Opera "Santa Barbara" premieres on NBC TV
1985 - Discovery moves to Vandenberg AFB for mating of STS 51-I mission
1985 - Valerie Lowrance, of Texas, 18, crowned America's Junior Miss
1987 - Indian troops arrived in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, to disarm the Tamil Tigers and enforce a peace pact.
1988 - Cin Red pitcher John Franco sets a record of 13 saves in 1 month
1988 - Harry Drake shoots arrow record 1873m
1988 - John Franco saves record 13th game of July
1988 - Jordanian King Hussein renounces sovereignity over West Bank to PLO
1988 - King Hussein dissolves Jordan's House of Representatives
1988 - Ronald J Dossenbach begins world record ride, pedaling across Canada from Vancouver BC, to Halifax, NS (13 days, 15 hr, 4 min)
1989 - Chile amends its constitution
1989 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Atlantic City Golf Classic
1990 - 5 Bank of Credit & Commerce members found guilty of money
1990 - Graham Gooch scores 123 v India to follow up 1st innings 333
1990 - Soldiers opens fire on worshippers in Monrovian church, 200-600 die
1990 - George Steinbrenner is forced by Commissioner Fay Vincent to resign as prinicipal partner of NY Yankees
1990 - The first Saturn automobile rolls off the assembly line.
1990 - In Spring Hill, TN, the first Saturn automobile rolled off the assembly line.
1991 - MTV announces it will split into 3 channels in 1993
1991 - Red Sox Carlos Quintana is 11th to get 6 RBIs in an inning (3rd)
1992 - Lin Li swims female world record/OR 200m medley (2:11.65)
1994 - Record 103.8°F (39.9°C) in Preschen Lausitz Germany
1995 - Becky Iverson wins LPGA Friendly's Golf Classic
1995 - Dominic Cork takes hat-trick in England Test Cricket win v WI
1995 - Lara completes 5th Test Cricket century, 145 at Old Trafford
1995 - Richie Ashburn and Mike Schmidt enter basaeball's Hall of Fame
1996 - Tommy Lasoda retires as LA Dodger manager
1997 - Terrorist double suicide bombing in Jerusalem, kills 14
1997 - Eighteen lives are lost in the Thredbo Landslide in New South Wales, Australia.
1998 - A group of Ohio machine-shop workers (who call themselves the Lucky 13) won the $295.7 million Powerball jackpot. It was the largest-ever American lottery.
2000 - Jennifer Aniston and Brad Pitt were married.
2001 - Lance Armstrong became the first American to win three consecutive Tours de France.
2002 - The accounting law referred to as "The Sarbanes Oxley Act" is signed into law by President George W. Bush.
2003 - In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagon Beetle rolled off an assembly line.
2006 - World's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
2009 - A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. Basque separatist group ETA is believed to be responsible.
2012 - Train fire kills 32 and injures 27 people in Andhra Pradesh, India
2012 - Indian power grid failure leaves over 300 million without power
1619 The first legislative assembly in English North America convened in Jamestown, Va. 1729 The U.S. city of Baltimore was founded. 1932 The tenth modern Olympic Games opened in Los Angeles. 1945 The USS Indianapolis was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine and sank within 15 minutes. It was one of the greatest naval losses of World War II, resulting in the deaths of nearly 900 men. 1956 The phrase "In God We Trust" was adopted as the U.S. national motto. 1965 President Lyndon Johnson signed the Medicare Bill into law. 1975 Former Teamsters union president James Hoffa was reported missing. Many suspect he was murdered, though his remains have never been found. 1980 The Republic of Vanuatu, formerly known as the New Hebrides, gained its independence from France and Britain. 2002 Lisa Leslie became the first woman to dunk in a professional basketball game. 2012 620 million people were without power in India, the worst power outage in world history.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul30.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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