Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
Sep 21, 1792: Monarchy abolished in France
In Revolutionary France, the Legislative Assembly votes to abolish the monarchy and establish the First Republic. The measure came one year after King Louis XVI reluctantly approved a new constitution that stripped him of much of his power.
Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he inherited from his predecessors. In 1789, food shortages and economic crises led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. King Louis and his queen, Mary-Antoinette, were imprisoned in August 1792, and in September the monarchy was abolished. Soon after, evidence of Louis' counterrevolutionary intrigues with foreign nations was discovered, and he was put on trial for treason. In January 1793, Louis was convicted and condemned to death by a narrow majority. On January 21, he walked steadfastly to the guillotine and was executed. Marie-Antoinette followed him to the guillotine nine months later.
Sep 21, 1780: Benedict Arnold commits treason
On this day in 1780, during the American Revolution, American General Benedict Arnold meets with British Major John Andre to discuss handing over West Point to the British, in return for the promise of a large sum of money and a high position in the British army. The plot was foiled and Arnold, a former American hero, became synonymous with the word "traitor."
Arnold was born into a well-respected family in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. He apprenticed with an apothecary and was a member of the militia during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). He later became a successful trader and joined the Continental Army when the Revolutionary War broke out between Great Britain and its 13 American colonies in 1775. When the war ended in 1883, the colonies had won their independence from Britain and formed a new nation, the United States.
During the war, Benedict Arnold proved himself a brave and skillful leader, helping Ethan Allen's troops capture Fort Ticonderoga in 1775 and then participating in the unsuccessful attack on British Quebec later that year, which earned him a promotion to brigadier general. Arnold distinguished himself in campaigns at Lake Champlain, Ridgefield and Saratoga, and gained the support of George Washington. However, Arnold had enemies within the military and in 1777, five men of lesser rank were promoted over him. Over the course of the next few years, Arnold married for a second time and he and his new wife lived a lavish lifestyle in Philadelphia, accumulating substantial debt. The debt and the resentment Arnold felt over not being promoted faster were motivating factors in his choice to become a turncoat.
In 1780, Arnold was given command of West Point, an American fort on the Hudson River in New York (and future home of the U.S. military academy, established in 1802). Arnold contacted Sir Henry Clinton, head of the British forces, and proposed handing over West Point and his men. On September 21 of that year, Arnold met with Major John Andre and made his traitorous pact. However, the conspiracy was uncovered and Andre was captured and executed. Arnold, the former American patriot, fled to the enemy side and went on to lead British troops in Virginia and Connecticut. He later moved to England, though he never received all of what he'd been promised by the British. He died in London on June 14, 1801.
Sep 21, 1904: The great Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph dies in Washington
On this day in 1904, the remarkable Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph dies on the Colville reservation in northern Washington at the age of 64. The whites had described him as superhuman, a military genius, an Indian Napoleon. But in truth, the Nez Perce Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") was more of a diplomat than a warrior.
Chief Joseph-as non-Indians knew him-had been elected chief of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce Indians when he was only 31. For six difficult years the young leader struggled peacefully against the whites who coveted the Wallowa's fertile land in northeastern Oregon. In 1877, General Howard of the U.S. Army warned that if the Wallowa and other bands of the Nez Perce did not abandon their land and move to the Lapwai Reservation within 30 days, his troops would attack. While some of the other Nez Perce chiefs argued they should resist, Chief Joseph convinced them to comply with the order rather than face war, and he led his people on a perilous voyage across the flood-filled Snake and Salmon River canyons to a campsite near the Lapwai Reservation. But acting without Chief Joseph's knowledge, a band of 20 young hotheaded braves decided to take revenge on some of the more offensive white settlers in the region, sparking the Nez Perce War of 1877.
Chief Joseph was no warrior, and he opposed many of the subsequent actions of the Nez Perce war councils. Joseph's younger brother, Olikut, was far more active in leading the Nez Perce into battle, and Olikut helped them successfully outsmart the U.S. Army on several occasions as the war ranged over more than 1,600 miles of Washington, Idaho, and Montana territory. Nonetheless, military leaders and American newspapers persisted in believing that since Chief Joseph was the most prominent Nez Perce spokesman and diplomat, he must also be their principal military leader.
By chance, Chief Joseph was the only major leader to survive the war, and it fell to him to surrender the surviving Nez Perce forces to Colonel Nelson A. Miles at the Bear Paw battlefield in northern Montana in October 1877. "From where the sun now stands," he promised, "I will fight no more forever." Chief Joseph lived out the rest of his life in peace, a popular romantic symbol of the noble "red men" who many Americans admired now that they no longer posed any real threat.
Sep 21, 1866: H.G. Wells is born
H.G. Wells, pioneer of science fiction, is born on this day in Bromley, England.
Wells was born near London and received a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London. After school, he worked as a draper's apprentice and bookkeeper before becoming a freelance writer. His lively treatment of scientific topics quickly brought him success as a writer.
In 1895, he published his classic novel The Time Machine, about a man who journeys to the future. The book was a success, as were his subsequent books The Invisible Man (1897) and The War of the Worlds (1898).
Passionately concerned about the fate of humanity, Wells joined the socialist Fabian Society but quit after a quarrel with George Bernard Shaw, another prominent member. He was involved romantically for several years with Dorothy Richardson, pioneer of stream-of-consciousness writing. In 1912, the 19-year-old writer Rebecca West reviewed his book Marriage, calling him "The Old Maid among novelists." He asked to meet her, and the two soon embarked on an affair that lasted 10 years and produced one son, Anthony. Wells died in 1946.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1192 - English king Richard I the Lion hearted, captured by by Leopold V, Duke of Austria
1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
1348 - Jews in Zurich Switzerland are accused of poisoning wells
1435 - Treaty of Atrecht: Philip of Bourgondy vs French king Charles II
1451 - Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa orders Jews of Holland to wear a badge
1589 - Battle at Arques: French king Henri IV beats Catholic League
1591 - French bishops recognize Henri IV as king of France
1621 - King James of England gives Canada to Sir Alexander Sterling
1648 - -23] Battle at Pilawce: Bohdan Chmielricki's beats John Casimir [NS]
1676 - Benedetto Odescalchi elected as Pope Innocent XI
1677 - John & Nicolaas van der Heyden patents fire extinguisher
1745 - Battle of Preston Pans: Bonnie Prince Charles beats English army
1746 - French expeditionary army occupies Labourdonnais & Dupleix Madras
1765 - Antoine de Beauterne announces he had killed the Beast of Gévaudan, but was later proved wrong by more attacks.
1776 - 5 days after British take NY, a ¼ of city burns down
1776 - Nathan Hale, spied on British for American rebels, arrested
1780 - Benedict Arnold gives British Major Andre plans to West Point
1784 - 1st daily newspaper in America (Pennsylvania Packet & General Advertiser)
1792 - Collot D'Herbois, first man to propose to abolish the monarchy in France at National Convention
US Defector General Benedict ArnoldUS Defector General Benedict Arnold 1814 - "Star Spangled Banner" published as a poem
1815 - King Willem I takes oath in Brussels
1823 - Moroni 1st appears to Joseph Smith, according to Smith
1827 - According to Joseph Smith, Jr., the angel Moroni gave him a record of gold plates, one-third of which Joseph translated into The Book of Mormon.
1837 - Charles Tiffany founded his jewelry & china stores
1860 - In the Second Opium War, an Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Baliqiao.
1863 - Union forces retreat to Chattanooga after defeat at Chickamauga
1872 - John Henry Conyers of SC becomes 1st black student at Annapolis
1883 - 1st direct US-Brazil telegraph connection
1885 - Dutch demonstrate for general voting right
1893 - Frank Duryea drives 1st US made gas propelled vehicle (car)
1895 - 1st auto manufacturer opens-Duryea Motor Wagon Company
1896 - General Kitchener's army occupies Dongola Sudan
1897 - NY Sun runs famous "Yes, Virginia there is a Santa Claus," editorial
1898 - China's empress-mother Ci Xi & emperor De Zong arrested
Religious Leader Joseph Smith JrReligious Leader Joseph Smith Jr 1898 - Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
1903 - 1st cowboy film "Kit Carson" premieres in US
1905 - Atlanta Life Insurance Co forms
1906 - Yankee 1st baseman Hal Chase's 22 put-outs ties record
1913 - 1st aerobatic maneuver, sustained inverted flight, performed in France
1913 - Turkey & Bulgaria sign peace treaty in Constantinople
1915 - CH Chubb buys Stonehenge for £6,600
1915 - Emanuel Querido ("Kerido") begins publishing Querido
1919 - 33rd US Womens Tennis: Hazel H Wightman beats M Zinderstein (61 62)
1921 - Gas explodes at Bradishe Aniline chemical works in Germany, 565 die
1921 - Pope Benedictus XV donates 1 million lire to feed Russians
1921 - Oppau explosion, a storage silo at a fertilizer producing plant exploded in Oppau, Germany, 500—600 killed.
1922 - Pres Warren G Harding signs a joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine
1928 - "My Weekly Reader" magazine made its debut
1929 - 1st legal pass in Canada was thrown by Gerry Seiberling & 1st reception by Ralph Losie of Calgary Altomah-Tigers against Edmonton
1930 - Johann Ostermeyer patents flashbulb
1931 - Britain abandons gold standard; pound devalues 20%
1933 - Trial against Marinus der Lubbe opens
1934 - St Louis Card Paul Dean no-hits Bkln Dodgers, 3-0
1934 - Typhoon strikes Honshu Island Japan, kills 4,000
Spanish Dictator Francisco FrancoSpanish Dictator Francisco Franco 1936 - Spanish fascist junta names Franco to generalissimo/supreme commander
1937 - J. R. R. Tolkien's 'The Hobbit' is published
1938 - Hurricane (183 MPH winds) in New England kills 700
1938 - Winston Churchill condemns Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia
1938 - The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people.
1939 - Reinhard Heydrich meets in Berlin to discuss final solution of Jews
1941 - US launches its 1st Liberty-ship, "Patrick Henry"
1942 - 116 hostages executed by Nazis in Paris
1942 - Transport nr 35 departs with French Jews to nazi-Germany
1943 - Arundel (Solomon Island) in US hands
1943 - Lynch Triangle (Square) in Bronx named
1943 - Russian 13th/61st Army reconquer Chyernigov
1943 - Soviet forces reach Dnjepr
1944 - Last British paratroopers at bridge of Arnhem surrenders
1946 - Indians play their final game in League Park, ending a 55-year stay
Soldier, author, journalist, politician Winston ChurchillSoldier, author, journalist, politician Winston Churchill 1948 - "Texaco Star Theater" with Milton Berle premieres on NBC-TV
1949 - Chinese Communist leaders proclaim People's Republic of China
1949 - Federal Republic of [West] Germany created under 3-power occupation
1950 - George Marshall sworn in as the 3rd Secretary of Defense of United States.
1951 - Emil Zatopek runs 15,000m in record 44 min, 54.6 sec
1953 - Allied forces form West Germany
1953 - KRDO TV channel 13 in Colorado Spgs-Pueblo, CO (ABC) 1st broadcast
1954 - 1st nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus, commissioned under Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson
1954 - Kleffens appointed chairman of General Meeting UN
1955 - Last allied occupying troops leave Austria
1955 - Rocky Marciano KOs Archie Moore in 9 for heavyweight boxing title
1955 - USSR performs nuclear test
1955 - Heavyweight champ Rocky Mariano KOs Archie Moore in round 9
1956 - Yanks set dubious record, stranding 20 men on base Mantle hits a 500' plus homer but Red Sox win 13-9 in Fenway
1957 - "Perry Mason" with Raymond Burr premieres on CBS-TV
Boxing Champ Archie MooreBoxing Champ Archie Moore 1957 - German sail training ship Pamir sails Atlantic Ocean
1957 - Olav V becomes king of Norway
1957 - Pote Sarasin forms government in Thailand
1958 - 1st airplane flight exceeding 1200 hours, lands, Dallas Tx
1958 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1959 - 600 Indian Dutch emigrate to US
1961 - Antonio Abertondo swims English Channel round trip (44 miles)
1961 - Maiden flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.
1964 - Constellation (US) beats Sovereign (England) in 20th America's Cup
1964 - Reds Chico Ruiz steals home, beats Phillies 1-0. Phillies start a 10 game losing streak that gives Cards the pennant
1964 - Malta becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1964 - The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, made its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
1965 - O Kommissarova (USSR) sets women's longest parachute jump (46,250')
1965 - Singapore admitted as a part of the United Nations.
1966 - 5inches of rain falls on NYC
1966 - Jimmy Hendrix changes spelling of his name to Jimi
1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1969 - 58th Davis Cup: USA beats Romania in Cleveland (5-0)
1969 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA Lincoln-Mercury Golf Open
1969 - NY Jet Steve O'Neal punts 98 yards against Denver Broncos
1969 - Ron Hill wins European marathon (2:16:47.8)
1970 - "Monday Night Football" premieres on ABC - Browns 31, Jets 21
1970 - KAPP TV channel 35 in Yakima, WA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1970 - Luna 16 leaves Moon
1970 - Oakland A's Vida Blue no-hits Minnesota Twins, 6-0
1970 - New York Times starts first modern op-ed page.
1971 - AL OKs Washington Senator move to Arlington (Texas Rangers)
Artist & Musician Yoko OnoArtist & Musician Yoko Ono 1971 - John Lennon & Yoko Ono are Dick Cavett's only guest
1972 - Marcos declares martial law in Philippines
1972 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
1973 - Jackson Pollocks painting "Blue Poles" sold for $2,000,000
1973 - NY Mets go into 1st place (at .500) after trailing 12½ games
1973 - Nate Archibald signs 7 yr contract with NBA KC Kings for $450,000
1974 - US Mariner 10 makes 2nd fly-by of Mercury
1975 - Jo Ann Washam wins LPGA Portland Ladies Golf Classic
1976 - Wings performs in Zagreb Yugoslavia
1976 - Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.
1977 - US minister of Foreign affairs Cyrus Vance dismissed
1979 - Two RAF Hawker Siddeley Harrier jump-jets from RAF Wittering collide over the UK. Both pilots ejected safely. One of the jets broke up in midair and fell harmlessly into a field but the other dropped onto the centre of Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, destroying two houses and a bungalow. Several people were injured in the accident and three people were killed.
1980 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA ERA Real Estate Golf Classic
1980 - LA Ram Johnnie Johnson scores a 99 yard interception
1980 - Richard Todd of NY Jets completes 42 passes in a game (NFL record)
1980 - Kerry GAA beat Roscommon GAA in Croke Park during the All-Ireland Football Final by 1-9 to 1-6 thus winning the championship and a three-in-a-row.
1981 - Belize (British Honduras) gains independence from UK
1981 - Sandra Day O'Conner becomes 1st female Supreme Court Justice
1981 - Steve Carlton strikes out NL record 3,118th (Andre Dawson)
1982 - 2,251 turn out to see Expos play NY Mets at Shea Stadium
1982 - Devils beat Rangers 3-2 in exhibition; 1st hockey in Meadowlands (NJ)
1982 - NFL players begin a 57 day strike
1982 - SF cable cars cease operations for 2 years of repairs
1982 - STS-5 vehicle moves to launch pad
1983 - 11 killed in anti Marcos demonstrations in Manila
1983 - David Mamet's "Glengarry Glen Ross," premieres in London
1983 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1984 - NASA launches Galaxy-C
1985 - Michael Spinks beats Larry Holmes in 15 to become Heavyweight Boxing Champion
Actor Michael J. FoxActor Michael J. Fox 1986 - 38th Emmy Awards: Golden Girls, Cagney & Lacey & Michael J Fox win
1986 - Miami Dan Marino passes for 6 touchdowns vs NY Jets (51-45)
1986 - NY Jets beat Miami Dolphins 51-45 in OT; record 884 passing yards
1986 - New Orleans Saints Mel Gray returns kickoff 101 yards for a touchdown
1986 - Patty Sheehan wins LPGA Konica San Jose Golf Classic
1986 - SD Padre Jimmy Jones pitchs 1-hitter in his major league debut
1986 - Kerry GAA beat Tyrone GAA in Croke Park during the All-Ireland Football Final by 2-15 to 1-10 thus winning the championship and a three-in-a-row.
1987 - 3 Belgian minesweepers depart to Persians Gulf
1988 - Mike Tyson smashes TV camera outside his Bernardsville NJ home
1989 - Poland's Sejm (National Assembly) approves prime minister Mazowiecki
1990 - Oakland A's Bob Welch becomes 1st 25 game winner in 10 years
1990 - Pirate Bobby Bond is 2nd to hit 30 HRs & steal 50 bases in a season (so he can play in 6 decades) because it is a publicity stunt
1990 - Faye Vincent turns down White Sox bid to reinstate Minnie Minoso, 68
1991 - Armenia votes on whether to remain in Soviet Union
1991 - USA Basketball announces "Dream Team" for the 1992 Olympics
Hall of Fame NFL Quarterback Dan MarinoHall of Fame NFL Quarterback Dan Marino 1993 - Ukraine government of Kutshma resigns
1994 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Ft Laud/Miami Fl (WBGG 105.9 FM)
1995 - The Hindu milk miracle occurs, in which statues of the Hindu God Ganesh began drinking milk when spoonfuls were placed near their mouths.
1997 - Brickyard Crossing Senior Golf Championhsip
1997 - Liselotte Neumann wins LPGA PING Welch's Championship
1997 - Mike Piazza is 2nd to hit a HR out of Dodger Stadium
1997 - NY Yankee Cecil Fielder hits his 300th HR
1997 - Tim Herron wins Texas Golf Open shooting a 271
1999 - Chi-Chi earthquake occurs in central Taiwan, leaving about 2,400 people dead.
2001 - Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.
2001 - University of Roorkee, becomes India's 7th Indian Institute of Technology, rechristened as IIT Roorkee
2001 - AZF chemical plant explodes in Toulouse, France, killing 29 people
2003 - Galileo mission terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.
2004 - The Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War and the Maoist Communist Centre of India merge to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
2004 - Construction of the Burj Dubai starts.
2008 - Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, the two last remaining independent investment banks on Wall Street, become bank holding companies as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis.
2008 - President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa resigns from office, effective September 25.
2008 - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel formally resigns from office, effective as soon as his successor Tzipi Livni has successfully assembled a new government.
2008 - The final home game is played at Yankee Stadium against the Baltimore Orioles.
2012 - Japanese Prime Minister, Yoshihiko Noda, wins a leadership ballot
1792 The French National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy. 1897 The New York Sun published its famous editorial, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus." 1937 The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein was first published. 1938 A hurricane struck New York and New England with extensive damage and more than 600 deaths. 1949 The People's Republic of China was proclaimed. 1964 Malta gained its independence from Great Britain. 1981 Belize gained its independence from Great Britain. 1996 John F. Kennedy, Jr., married Carolyn Bessette.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
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