Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
Oct 27, 1858: Theodore Roosevelt is born
On this day in 1858, future President Theodore Roosevelt is born in New York City to a wealthy family. Roosevelt was home-schooled and then attended Harvard University, graduating in 1880. He served in the New York state legislature from 1881 to 1884.
In 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway Lee. The couple had a daughter, Alice, on February 12, 1884. Two days after his daughter's birth, tragedy struck: Both Roosevelt's wife and his mother died from illness. The deaths so devastated Roosevelt that he ordered those around him not to mention his wife's name. Burdened by grief, he abandoned politics, left the infant Alice with his sister Bamie and struck out for the Dakota territories at the end of 1884. While in the Dakotas, he raised cattle and acted as the local lawman. He also found time to indulge his passion for reading and writing history books. After a blizzard wiped out his prized herd of cattle in 1885, Roosevelt returned to eastern society and politics. In 1886, he married Edith Carow and the new couple went on to have five children.
Roosevelt served as U.S. Civil Service commissioner from 1885 to 1889 in Washington, D.C., and then as New York City's police commissioner from 1895 to 1897. President William McKinley chose Roosevelt as assistant secretary of the Navy later that year. When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, Roosevelt signed up for cavalry service, leading a pivotal battle at San Juan Heights in Cuba. His exemplary leadership in the war contributed to his successful campaign to become New York's governor in late 1898, an office he held until 1900 when the Republican Party nominated him to be William McKinley's vice-presidential running mate. The campaign was successful, but President McKinley was shot by an assassin less than a year into this second term, on September 12, 1901. Two days later, McKinley died from his wounds and Roosevelt began the first of his two terms in the White House.
Roosevelt, the first president of the 20th century, is also seen by many as the nation's first modern president. He was the first to recognize the potential impact of the fledgling motion picture industry on the presidency, encouraging filmmakers to document his official duties and trips to Africa and Panama. He purposely played directly to the camera with huge gestures and thundering speeches. His presidency is perhaps best known, however, for strict federal regulation of industries and his passion for environmental conservation. Roosevelt's vigorous enforcement of the Sherman Anti-trust Act resulted in the trust-busting of powerful railroad monopolies. In foreign affairs, he pursued increased American diplomatic involvement in Latin America and the construction of the Panama Canal—all according to his trademark motto "speak softly and carry a big stick." In 1906, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for brokering a peace treaty between Russia and Japan, becoming the first American ever to win a Nobel Prize in any category.
Prior to becoming America's first conservation-minded president, Roosevelt had indulged his passion for preservation as president of the American Historical Association and led scientific expeditions to South America and Africa. Once in the White House, he initiated more responsible federal water management and land-use policies with the 1902 Newlands Act. In 1906, Roosevelt signed the Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities, giving the president the power to officially declare natural and historic sites situated on government land as national monuments. During an age when the environment began to show strain from industrial progress and settlement, Roosevelt assigned national-monument status to a record 18 natural sites. During a visit to the Grand Canyon in 1903, Roosevelt issued this seemingly prophetic statement, "the conservation of our natural resources and their proper use constitute the fundamental problem which underlies almost every other problem of our national life."
Roosevelt reluctantly left office in 1909 after serving two terms. On October 11, 1910, he became the first (former) president to fly in an airplane. Roosevelt ran unsuccessfully for a third term as a Progressive candidate in 1912, but lost to Democrat Woodrow Wilson. During that campaign Roosevelt was shot in the chest by a would-be assassin, but recovered and returned to a life of travel and prolific writing. He published no less than 40 books in his lifetime, on subjects as varied as naval history and nature.
The larger-than-life Roosevelt died quietly in his sleep on January 6, 1919, from a coronary embolism. His popularity was so great that he was immortalized along with George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln in the carvings on Mount Rushmore. Roosevelt's face was the last to be completed, in 1939.
Oct 27, 1775: King George III speaks to Parliament of American rebellion
On this day in 1775, King George III speaks before both houses of the British Parliament to discuss growing concern about the rebellion in America, which he viewed as a traitorous action against himself and Great Britain. He began his speech by reading a "Proclamation of Rebellion" and urged Parliament to move quickly to end the revolt and bring order to the colonies.
The king spoke of his belief that "many of these unhappy people may still retain their loyalty, and may be too wise not to see the fatal consequence of this usurpation, and wish to resist it, yet the torrent of violence has been strong enough to compel their acquiescence, till a sufficient force shall appear to support them." With these words, the king gave Parliament his consent to dispatch troops to use against his own subjects, a notion that his colonists believed impossible.
Just as the Continental Congress expressed its desire to remain loyal to the British crown in the Olive Branch Petition, delivered to the monarch on September 1, so George III insisted he had "acted with the same temper; anxious to prevent, if it had been possible, the effusion of the blood of my subjects; and the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." King George went on to scoff at what he called the colonists' "strongest protestations of loyalty to me," believing them disingenuous, "whilst they were preparing for a general revolt."
Unfortunately for George III, Thomas Paine's anti-monarchical argument in the pamphlet, Common Sense, published in January 1776, proved persuasive to many American colonists. The two sides had reached a final political impasse and the bloody War for Independence soon followed.
Oct 27, 1940: De Gaulle sets up the Empire Defense Council
On this day in 1940, French Gen. Charles de Gaulle, speaking for the Free French Forces from his temporary headquarter in equatorial Africa, calls all French men and women everywhere to join the struggle to preserve and defend free French territory and "to attack the enemy wherever it is possible, to mobilize all our military, economic, and moral resources... to make justice reign."
De Gaulle had a long history fighting Germans. He sustained multiple injuries fighting at Verdun in World War I. He escaped German POW camps five times, only to be recaptured each time. (At 6 feet, 4 inches tall, it was hard for de Gaulle to remain inconspicuous.)
At the beginning of World War II, de Gaulle was commander of a tank brigade. He was admired as a courageous leader and made a brigadier general in May 1940. After the German invasion of France, he became undersecretary of state for defense and war in the Reynaud government, but when Reynaud resigned, and Field Marshal Philippe Petain stepped in, a virtual puppet of the German occupiers, de Gaulle left for England. On June 18, de Gaulle took to the radio airwaves to make an appeal to his fellow French not to accept the armistice being sought by Petain, but to continue fighting under his command. "I am France!" he declared. Ten days later, Britain formally acknowledged de Gaulle as the leader of the "Free French Forces," which was at first little more than those French troops stationed in England, volunteers from Frenchmen already living in England, and units of the French navy.
Another Free French movement had begun in Africa, under the direction of Gen. Henri Giraud. De Gaulle eventually relocated to Africa after tension began to build between himself and the British. Initially, de Gaulle agreed to share power with Giraud in the organization and control of the exiled French forces—until Giraud resigned in 1943, unwilling to stand in de Gaulle's shadow or struggle against his deft political maneuvering.
Whatever disagreements the British had had with de Gaulle, Prime Minister Winston Churchill was pleased with the French general's appeal to his countrymen's patriotism and the creation of the Empire Defense Council, which would organize necessary resources for military operations. Churchill believed it would "have a great effect on the minds of Frenchmen on account of its scope and logic. It shows de Gaulle in a light very different from that of an ordinary man."
Oct 27, 1962: The United States and Soviet Union step back from brink of nuclear war
Complicated and tension-filled negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union finally result in a plan to end the two-week-old Cuban Missile Crisis. A frightening period in which nuclear holocaust seemed imminent began to come to an end.
Since President John F. Kennedy's October 22 address warning the Soviets to cease their reckless program to put nuclear weapons in Cuba and announcing a naval "quarantine" against additional weapons shipments into Cuba, the world held its breath waiting to see whether the two superpowers would come to blows. U.S. armed forces went on alert and the Strategic Air Command went to a Stage 4 alert (one step away from nuclear attack). On October 24, millions waited to see whether Soviet ships bound for Cuba carrying additional missiles would try to break the U.S. naval blockade around the island. At the last minute, the vessels turned around and returned to the Soviet Union.
On October 26, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev responded to the quarantine by sending a long and rather disjointed letter to Kennedy offering a deal: Soviet ships bound for Cuba would "not carry any kind of armaments" if the United States vowed never to invade Cuba. He pleaded, "let us show good sense," and appealed to Kennedy to "weigh well what the aggressive, piratical actions, which you have declared the U.S.A. intends to carry out in international waters, would lead to." He followed this with another letter the next day offering to remove the missiles from Cuba if the United States would remove its nuclear missiles from Turkey.
Kennedy and his officials debated the proper U.S. response to these offers. Attorney General Robert Kennedy ultimately devised an acceptable plan: take up Khrushchev's first offer and ignore the second letter. Although the United States had been considering the removal of the missiles from Turkey for some time, agreeing to the Soviet demand for their removal might give the appearance of weakness. Nevertheless, behind the scenes, Russian diplomats were informed that the missiles in Turkey would be removed after the Soviet missiles in Cuba were taken away. This information was accompanied by a threat: If the Cuban missiles were not removed in two days, the United States would resort to military action. It was now Khrushchev's turn to consider an offer to end the standoff.
Oct 27, 1914: Dylan Thomas born
Author and poet Dylan Thomas is born in Swansea, Wales.
Thomas established himself in 1934 with Eighteen Poems, a collection of emotionally and sexually charged pieces. His writing was celebrated for its forceful sound and rhythm, and the poet was acclaimed for readings of his own work. In 1953, he was on a reading tour of the United States when he died of an alcohol overdose in New York City.
His most famous work, Under Milk Wood, which evokes the lives of the inhabitants of a Welsh seaside town, was published posthumously.
Oct 27, 1659: Quakers executed for religious beliefs
William Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, two Quakers who came from England in 1656 to escape religious persecution, are executed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony for their religious beliefs. The two had violated a law passed by the Massachusetts General Court the year before, banning Quakers from the colony under penalty of death.
The Religious Society of Friends, whose members are commonly known as Quakers, was a Christian movement founded by George Fox in England during the early 1650s. Quakers opposed central church authority, preferring to seek spiritual insight and consensus through egalitarian Quaker meetings. They advocated sexual equality and became some of the most outspoken opponents of slavery in early America. Robinson and Stevenson, who were hanged from an elm tree on Boston Common in Boston, were the first Quakers to be executed in America. Quakers found solace in Rhode Island and other colonies, and Massachusetts' anti-Quaker laws were later repealed.
In the mid 18th century, John Woolman, an abolitionist Quaker, traveled the American colonies, preaching and advancing the anti-slavery cause. He organized boycotts of products made by slave labor and was responsible for convincing many Quaker communities to publicly denounce slavery. Another of many important abolitionist Quakers was Lucretia Mott, who worked on the Underground Railroad in the 19th century, helping lead fugitive slaves to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. In later years, Mott was a leader in the movement for women's rights.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
625 - Honorius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
710 - Saracen invasion of Sardinia.
939 - Edmund I succeeds Athelstan as King of England.
1275 - Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam.
1523 - English troops occupy Montalidier France
1553 - Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva.
1605 - Spanish army under General Spinola occupies Wachtendonk
1627 - English assault on French Il de Ré
1644 - 2nd Battle at Newbury: King Charles I beats parliamentary armies
1651 - English troops occupy Limerick Ireland
1662 - England sells Duinkerken to France for 2.5 million livres
1676 - Poland & Turkey sign Peace of Warsaw
1682 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.
1688 - King James II fires premier Robert Spencer
1702 - English troops plunder St Augustine Florida
1775 - US Navy forms
1787 - Federalist letters start appearing in NY newspapers
1795 - Treaty of San Lorenzo, provides free navigation of Mississippi
King of England King Charles IKing of England King Charles I 1806 - The French Army enters in Berlin.
1810 - US annexes West Florida from Spain
1830 - Major-General Baron D Chasse bombs Antwerp (Belgium revolution)
1838 - Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.
1858 - RH Macy & Co opens 1st store, (6th Ave-NYC) Gross receipts $1106
1863 - Dutch railway to Harlingen opens
1864 - Battle of Boydton Plank Road, VA (Burgess' Mill, Southside Railroad)
1864 - 2nd Battle of Fair Oaks, Va near Richmond
1864 - Confederate ship Albemarle torpedoed/sinks
1864 - Siege of Petersburg, VA
1867 - Garibaldi marches on Rome
1871 - Boss Tweed (William Macy Tweed), Democratic leader of Tammany Hall, arrested after NY Times exposed his corruption
1884 - Architect Henry Hardenberghs Dakota-complex opens in NYC
1886 - Musical fantasy "Night on Bald Mountain," performed in Russia
1893 - Hurricane hits coast between Savannah Ga & Charleston SC
1896 - 1st Pali Road completed in Hawaii (winds so strong streams flow UP!)
1901 - 1st complete performance of Debussy's "Nocturnes"
1904 - IRT (Interborough Rapid Transit), opens in NYC, subway/bus fare is set at one nickel (Bkln bridge-145 & Bdwy)
1913 - Pres Wilson says US will never attack another country
1914 - British battleship Audacious sunk by mine
1916 - 1st published reference to "jazz" appears (Variety)
1916 - Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasus V, is defeated by Fitawrari abte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zauditu.
1919 - Axeman of New Orleans claims last victim
1919 - US Congress sign Volstead Act
1920 - League of Nations moves headquarters in Geneva
1920 - Westinghouse radio station in East Pittsburgh, KDKA begins
1922 - 1st commemoration of Navy Day
1922 - Dutch 2nd Chamber votes for child labor laws
1924 - Uzbek SSR forms
1924 - The Uzbek SSR is founded in the Soviet Union.
1925 - Water skis patented by Fred Waller
1927 - Queen Wilhelmina opens Meuse-Waal Canal in Nijmegen
1931 - Chuhei Numbu of Japan, sets then long jump record at 26' 2½"
1933 - Valentin Boreyko, Russia, rower (Oly Gld 1960), (d. 2012)
1935 - SDAP & NVV launchs "Plan for Work" in Utrect Netherlands
1938 - DuPont announces its new synthetic fiber will be called "nylon"
1941 - Chicago Daily Tribune editorialize there will not be war with Japan
1941 - Nazi's directs gypsy ghetto in Belgrade
1942 - 5th day of battle at El Alamein: heavy battles/Australian advance
1942 - US aircraft carrier Hornet sinks off Santa Cruz
1944 - Hertogenbosch & Tilburg freed from nazi occupation
1944 - Tito reaches free Belgrade
1945 - "Carib Song" closes at Adelphi Theater NYC after 36 performances
1945 - 1st edition of Elseviers Weekly newspaper (Elseviers Magazine)
1946 - Georgi Domitrovs National Front wins Bulgaria elections (78%)
Comedian Groucho MarxComedian Groucho Marx 1947 - "You Bet Your Life," with Groucho Marx, premieres on ABC radio
1947 - WMAR TV channel 2 in Baltimore, MD (NBC) begins broadcasting
1948 - Albert Camus' "L'etat de Siege," premieres in Paris
1948 - Israel recaptures Nizzanim in Negev
1948 - Léopold Sédar Senghor founds the Senegalese Democratic Bloc (BDS).
1950 - Paul Creston's 3rd Symphony "Triumph of St Joan," premieres
1952 - "My Darlin' Aida" opens at Winter Garden Theater NYC for 89 perfs
1954 - B O Davis Jr becomes 1st black general in USAF
1954 - Pres Eisenhower offers aid to S Vietnam pres Ngo Dinh Diem
1954 - WISN TV channel 12 in Milwaukee, WI (ABC) begins broadcasting
1954 - Walt Disney's 1st TV show, "Disneyland," premieres on ABC
1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
1955 - Argentine peso devalued
1955 - Satomi Myodo, renews Zen nun vows & takes Buddhist name of Daien Myodo
1957 - Celal Bayar re-elected president of Turkey
Animator Walt DisneyAnimator Walt Disney 1957 - WOWL TV channel 15 in Florence, AL (NBC/CBS) begins broadcasting
1957 - WPTA TV channel 21 in Fort Wayne, IN (ABC) begins broadcasting
1958 - Gen Ayub Khan succeeds Iskander Mirza as president of Pakistan
1958 - WEDU TV channel 3 in Tampa-St Petersburg, FL (PBS) begins broadcasting
1959 - Rare Pacific hurricane kills 2,000 in Western Mexico
1960 - AL admits LA & Washington to the league
1960 - Singer Ben E King records "Spanish Harlem" & "Stand By Me"
1961 - 1st Saturn launch vehicle makes an unmanned flight test
1961 - American Basketball League starts play
1961 - Outer Mongolia & Mauritania become 102nd & 103rd members of UN
1961 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya & Sary Shagan USSR
1962 - "Beyond the Fringe" opens at John Golden Theater NYC for 673 perfs
1962 - Black Saturday - Russian nuclear missile crisis in Cuba
1962 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Johnston Island
1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1962 - The plane of Enrico Mattei, Italian industry's most relevant figure, crashes in mysterious circumstances.
1963 - Bob Simpson completes 359 for NSW v Qld at Gabba
1963 - Sandra Haynie wins LPGA Phoenix Thunderbirds Golf Tournament
1964 - "Ben Franklin in Paris" opens at Lunt Fontanne NYC for 215 perfs
1964 - Congo rebel leader Christopher Gbenye holds 60 Americans/800 Belgians
1965 - WCFT TV channel 33 in Tuscaloosa, AL (CBS) begins broadcasting
1966 - China PR performs nuclear test at Lop Nor PRC
1966 - UN deprives South Africa of Namibia
1966 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1967 - 4 people from Baltimore pour blood on selective service records
1967 - Expo '67 closes in Montreal, Canada
1967 - NLF leaves People's Republic of South-Yemen
1968 - 19th Olympic games close at Mexico City, Mexico
1968 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA River Plantation Golf Invitational
1969 - Nobel prize for economy awarded to John Tinbergen
1969 - Ralph Nader sets up a consumer organization knowns as Nader's Raiders
1969 - St Vincent & Grenadines gains associated status with Britain
1970 - "Light, Lively & Yiddish" opens at Belasco Theater NYC for 87 perfs
1971 - Republic of Congo-Kinshasa becomes Republic of Zaire
1972 - Golden Gate National Recreation Area created
1973 - 1st time Islanders beat Rangers-3-2
1973 - Alabama sets offensive record (828 yds), beats Virginia Tech 77-6
1974 - Chantal Langlace runs female world record marathon (2:46:24)
1975 - Covers of both Time & Newsweek picture rock singer Bruce Springsteen
1977 - Amsterdam businessman M Caransa kidnapped
1977 - NASA launches space vehicle S-200
1978 - Begin & Sadat win Nobel Peace prize
1978 - President Carter signs Hawkins-Humphrey full employment bill
1979 - Islanders score 2 goals within 6 seconds 3 goals within 44 seconds
1979 - St Vincent & Grenadines becomes independent of UK (Natl Day)
1979 - Voluntary Euthanasia Society publishes how-to-do-it suicide guide
1980 - Astros owner John McMullen replaces GM Tal Smith with Al Rosen
1980 - Dave Gryllis sets world bicycle speed record of 94.37 kph
1981 - Andrew Young, former UN Ambassador, elected mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
1981 - The Soviet submarine U 137 runs aground on the east coast of Sweden.
1982 - China announces its population at 1 billion people plus
1982 - IBM ROM is capable of EGA graphics
1984 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1984 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1984 - Wash State's Rueben Mayes sets col football rec of 357 yards rushing
1985 - 15th NYC Women's Marathon won by Grete Waitz in 2:28:34
1985 - 16th NYC Marathon won by Orlando Pizzolato in 2:11:34
1985 - Anthony Carter begins NFL streak of 100+ consecutive game receptions
1985 - Billy Martin is fired by Yankees for 4th time
1985 - Hurricane Juan ravages US Gulf states & east coast, 49 die
1985 - KC Royals beat St Louis Cards, 4 games to 3 in 82nd World Series
1985 - Thieves steal 9 paintings, including 5 Monet's & 2 Renoir's
1986 - NY Mets beat Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3 in 83rd World Series
Musician & member of the Beatles Paul McCartneyMusician & member of the Beatles Paul McCartney 1986 - Paul McCartney release "Pretty Little Head"
1986 - The United Kingdom government suddenly deregulates financial markets, leading to a total restructuring of the way in which they operate in the country, in an event now referred to as the Big Bang.
1987 - Lucas Mangopes Democratic Party wins Bophuthatswana elections
1987 - Peter Shaffer's "Lettice & Lovage," premieres in London
1987 - South Korean voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution
1988 - "ET" released to home video (14 million presold)
1988 - Larry Flynt paid hitman $1M to kill Hefner, Guccione & Sinatra
1990 - "Michael Feinstein in Concert" closes at Golden NYC after 30 perfs
1990 - Horse Racing Breeders' Cup Champs: Bayakoa, Fly So Free, In The Wings, Meadow Star, Royal Academy, Safely Kept, Unbridled
1990 - Supreme Soviet of Kirghiz SSR chooses Askar Akayev as republic's first president.
1991 - "Andre Heller's Wonderhouse" closes at Broadhurst NYC after 9 perfs
1991 - "Homecoming" opens at Criterion Theater NYC for 49 performances
1991 - John Brodie wins Security Pacific Senior Golf Classic
1991 - Minnesota Twins beat Altanta Braves 1-0 in 10 to win World Series in 7
1992 - Don Baylor appointed 1st manager of Colorado Rockies
Magazine Publisher Larry FlyntMagazine Publisher Larry Flynt 1992 - Fox is to launch Tuesday night network TV, rescheduled to Decemeber
1992 - Great Britain issues postage stamp on 100th anniversary of Tolkien
1992 - Tipper Gore (wife of future VP) admits to covering clock on her VCR with black tape so she wouldn't have to watch it blink
1993 - Howard Stern's radio show begins broadcasting in El Paso Texas
1995 - Contract finalizing Cleveland Browns' move to Balt is signed
1995 - Meyrick Pringle takes cricket hat-trick in England tour game at Soweto
1995 - Latvia applies for membership in the European Union.
1996 - US beats Japan, 21½-14½, at Nichirei International Golf Tournament
1997 - Dow Jones crashes record 554 pts to 7161
1997 - Intel Corp buys Digital Equipment for $700 million
1997 - Microsoft argues it should be "free from government interference"
1997 - US releases a redesigned $50 bill
1999 - Gunmen open fire in the Armenian Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchyan, and 6 other members.
2002 - Anaheim Angels defeat San Francisco Giants 4-3 in baseball's World Series championship, MVP: Troy Glaus, Anaheim
2002 - The ITV Network aired a constant regional service for the last time in England and Wales, but LWT lost its identity completely. All companies (except UTV, Channel, Scottish TV & Grampian TV) formed the national ITV1 with regional references only before regional programmes.
2004 - The Boston Red Sox win the World Series for the first time in 86 years
2005 - Riots begin in Paris after the deaths of two Muslim teenagers.
2011 - The Royal Australian Navy announces that they discovered the wreck of a World War II submarine in Simpson Harbour, Papua New Guinea during Operation RENDER SAFE - it is likely to be Japanese.
2012 - 46 people are killed and 123 injured in Iraq after a series of attacks and bombs
2012 - Thousands demonstrate in Madrid against proposed budget cuts
1659 - William Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson became the first Quakers to be executed in America. 1787 - The first of the Federalist Papers were published in the New York Independent. The series of 85 essays, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, were published under the pen name "Publius." 1795 - The United States and Spain signed the Treaty of San Lorenzo. The treaty is also known as "Pinckney's Treaty." 1858 - Roland Macy opened Macy's Department Store in New York City. It was Macy's eighth business adventure, the other seven failed. 1878 - The Manhattan Savings Bank in New York City was robbed of over $3,000,000. The robbery was credited to George "Western" Leslie even though there was not enough evidence to convict him, only two of his associates were convicted. 1904 - The New York subway system officially opened. It was the first rapid-transit subway system in America. 1925 - Fred Waller received a patent for water skis. 1927 - The first newsreel featuring sound was released in New York. 1931 - Chuhei Numbu of Japan set a long jump record at 26' 2 1/4". 1938 - Du Pont announced "nylon" as the new name for its new synthetic yarn. 1947 - "You Bet Your Life," the radio show starring Grouch Marx, premiered on ABC. It was later shown on NBC television. 1954 - Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio were divorced. They had been married on January 14, 1954. 1954 - The first Walt Disney television show "Disneyland" premiered on ABC. Disney movies, music and books 1962 - The Soviet Union adds to the Cuban Missile Crisis by calling for the dismantling of U.S. missile basis in Turkey. U.S. President Kennedy agreed to the new aspect of the agreement. 1978 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord. 1994 - The U.S. Justice Department announced that the U.S. prison population had exceeded one million for the first time in American history. 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 554.26 points. The stock market was shut down for the first time since the 1981 assassination attempt on U.S. President Reagan. 1998 - The reunion episode "CHiPs '99" aired for the first time on the cable network TNT. 1998 - Disney's "Lion King II: Simba's Pride" was released on video. Disney movies, music and books 2002 - The Anaheim Angels won their first World Series. They beat the San Francisco Giants in Game 7 of the series. 2002 - Emmitt Smith (Dallas Cowboys) became the all-time leading rusher in the NFL when he extended his career yardage to 16,743. He achieved the record in his 193rd game. He also scored his 150th career touchdown. 2002 - Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was elected president of Brazil in a runoff. He was the country's first elected leftist leader. 2003 - Bank of America Corp. announced it had agreed to buy FleetBoston Financial Corp. The deal created the second largest banking company in the U.S.
1787 The first of the Federalist Papers, which called for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, was published. 1904 New York City's first rapid transit subway, the IRT, opened. 1938 Du Pont announced that it would name its new synthetic yarn nylon. 1978 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their work toward a Middle East accord. 1997 The Dow Jones industrial average fell 554.26 points, forcing the stock market to shut down. 2004 After an 86 year wait, the Boston Red Sox finally captured a World Series trophy.
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