Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in 1805 during their famous expedition, Lewis & Clark reached the Pacific Ocean. They became the first European Americans to cross the North American continent. Warsaw University was established in 1816 on this day. On this day in 1863, American President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of his most famous and iconic speeches, the Gettysburg Address, during a visit to the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the American Civil War. On this day in 1940, Hitler urged Spain to take Gibraltar. The Nazis had assisted Franco to grab power following the Spanish Civil War, and expected him to pay them back for their help by joining the Axis. However, Franco never did, which proved a source of real frustration to Hitler. On this day in 1942 during World War II, the Red Army of the Soviet Union began their wintertime counterattack at Stalingrad under General Georgi Zhukov along the Don front. This counterattack came to be known as Operation Uranus, and turned the tide of that battle, ultimately handing Nazi Germany their first real loss during the war. Stalingrad is now known as the biggest battle in the history of warfare, which is really saying something. On a lighter note, it was on this day in 1969 that Pele scored his 1,000th career goal.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
461 - St Hilary begins his reign as Catholic Pope
615 - Pope Deusdedit/Adeodatus I elected to succeed Boniface IV
1302 - Pope Boniface VIII delegates degree "Unam sanctam"
1367 - League of Cologne goes against Danish king Waldemar IV
1493 - Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico, on his 2nd voyage
1521 - Battle at Milan: Emperor Karel V's/pontifical/Spanish/German troops beat France & occupy Milan
1523 - Giulio de' Medici chosen as Pope Clemens VII
1530 - Augsburg] Emperor Karel I enables Edict of Worms
1544 - Pope Paul III opens council of Trente
1620 - Mayflower reaches Cape Cod & explores the coast
1621 - Rabbi Isaiah b Abraham aha-Levi Horowitz arrives in Israel
1644 - 1st protestant ministry society in New England
1700 - Battle at Narva: Swedish King Karel XII defeats Russians
1794 - Jakobin Club forms in Paris
1794 - Jay Treaty, 1st US extradition treaty, signed with Great Britain
On this day in 1805 during their famous expedition, Lewis & Clark reached the Pacific Ocean. They became the first European Americans to cross the North American continent. Warsaw University was established in 1816 on this day.
1824 - Storm causes St Petersburg flood, killing 10,000
1837 - Floridsdorf-Deutsch Wagram railway in Austria opens
Poet Alfred TennysonPoet Alfred Tennyson 1850 - Alfred Tennyson becomes British Poet Laureate, succeeding William Wordsworth
1861 - Julia Ward Howe committed "Battle Hymn of the Republic" to paper
1863 - Lincoln delivers his address in Gettysburg; "4 score & 7 years..."
1873 - William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, of Tammany Hall (NYC) convicted of defrauding city of $6M, sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment
1879 - Natl Association of Trotting Horse Breeders determines what "is" a trotter
1881 - A meteorite lands near the village of Großliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine.
1887 - Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Dying Detective" (BG)
1893 - 1st newspaper color supplement (NY World)
1894 - 1st mushroom on a stamp (China 1 & 5 Ap)
1894 - Dutch troops occupy & plunders palace of Tjakra Negara, Lombok
1895 - Frederick E Blaisdell patents the pencil
1896 - Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Sussex Vampire" (BG)
1903 - Carrie Nation attempts to address Senate
1906 - London selected to host 1908 Olympics
1909 - Former Dutch premier Abraham Kuyper denies corruption
Explorer of the New World Christopher ColumbusExplorer of the New World Christopher Columbus 1910 - Ferenc Molnàrs "Tester," premieres in Budapest
1911 - NY receives 1st Marconi wireless transmission from Italy
1916 - Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures (the company later became one of the most successful independent filmmakers).
1919 - US Senate rejects (55-39) Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations
1922 - Demonstration for a French Language University in Ghent
1923 - Béla Bartòk's "Tancsuite," premieres
1926 - British mine strikes after 28 weeks ends
1928 - 1st issue of Time magazine, Japanese Emperor Hirohito on cover
1932 - Joe Kershalla scores 71 points in a college football game
1932 - Shaft & Thyssen demand Hitler become German chancellor
1933 - Women allowed to vote in Spain (helps right wing)
1939 - Don Lash wins 6th straight AAU cross-country 10K championship
On this day in 1940, Hitler urged Spain to take Gibraltar. The Nazis had assisted Franco to grab power following the Spanish Civil War, and expected him to pay them back for their help by joining the Axis. However, Franco never did, which proved a source of real frustration to Hitler.
1940 - Belgian King Leopold III visits Adolf Hitler
1940 - German air raid on Birmingham fails
1942 - Joseph Goebbels visits "German Theatre in the Niederlanden"
On this day in 1942 during World War II, the Red Army of the Soviet Union began their wintertime counterattack at Stalingrad under General Georgi Zhukov along the Don front. This counterattack came to be known as Operation Uranus, and turned the tide of that battle, ultimately handing Nazi Germany their first real loss during the war. Stalingrad is now known as the biggest battle in the history of warfare, which is really saying something.
1942 - Russia launches winter offensive against Germans along Don front
1943 - U-536 sinks in Atlantic Ocean
1944 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt announces the 6th War Loan Drive, aimed at selling $14 billion USD in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
1946 - Bradman scores 119 South Australia v Victoria, 183 mins, 8 fours
1947 - 200" mirror arrives at Mt Palomar
1948 - Belgian government of Spaak, forms
1949 - Prince Rainier III coronation as 30th ruling Prince of Monaco
1950 - US General Eisenhower becomes supreme commander of NATO-Europe
1951 - Roy Campanella named NL MVP on his 30th birthday
1951 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1952 - North American F-86 Sabre sets world aircraft speed record, 1124 KPH
1952 - Spain joins UNESCO
1953 - US Supreme Court rules (7-2) baseball is a sport not a business
1953 - US VP Richard Nixon visits Hanoi
1955 - KXMB TV channel 12 in Bismarck, ND (CBS/ABC) begins broadcasting
37th US President Richard Nixon37th US President Richard Nixon 1955 - National Review publishes its first issue.
1957 - Antonin Novotny appointed president of Czechoslovakia
1958 - First 2 F-27 Fokker's Friendships delivered on Aer Lingus
1959 - "Rocky & His Friends" debuts on ABC
1959 - Ford cancels Edsel
1960 - Mickey Vernon is hired as 1st manager of new Washington team
1961 - Houston George Blanda passes for 7 touchdowns vs NY Titans (49-13)
1962 - Fidel Castro accepts removal of Soviet weapons
1962 - KOET (now KULC) TV channel 9 in Ogden, UT (PBS) begins broadcasting
1962 - SN Behrman's "Lord Pengo," premieres in NYC
1962 - Todor Zjivkov becomes premier of Bulgaria
1965 - ABC radio begins weekly "Vietnam Update" report
1965 - Kellogg's Pop Tarts pastries created
1966 - Mad Dog Vachon beats Dick The Bruiser in Omaha, to become NWA champ
1967 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Pensacola Ladies' Golf Invitational
Cuban President Fidel CastroCuban President Fidel Castro 1967 - The establishment of TVB, the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
1968 - Mali military coup, president Modibo Keita flees
1968 - Yankees pitcher Stan Bahnsen wins AL Rookie of Year
1969 - Apollo 12's Conrad & Bean become 3rd & 4th humans on Moon
1969 - WENY TV channel 36 in Elmira, NY (ABC) begins broadcasting
1970 - Golden Gate Park Conservatory becomes a Cal state historical landmark
1970 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1971 - Ft Wilderness opens
1972 - "Ambassador" opens at Lunt-Fontanne Theater NYC for 9 performances
1972 - "Dear Oscar" closes at Playhouse Theater NYC after 5 performances
1972 - Gershwin Theater (Uris) opens at 1633 Broadway NYC
1972 - KFIZ TV channel 34 in Fond du Lac, WI suspends broadcasting
1972 - Willy Brandts SPD wins West German election
1973 - Elections in Suriname, premier Sedney's PNP doesn't win a chair
1975 - Reds 2nd baseman Joe Morgan is named NL MVP
1976 - George Harrison releases "This Song"
1976 - Patty Hearst is freed on $15 million bail
1976 - Jaime Ornelas Camacho takes office as the first President of the Regional Government of Madeira, Portugal.
1977 - -21] Egyptian president Sadat visits Israel
1977 - Canuck's Ron Sedlbauer fails on 3rd penalty shot against Islanders
1977 - Egyptian Pres Anwar Sadat arrives in Israel
1977 - Libya drops diplomatic relations with Egypt
1978 - Gavaskar gets twin cricket tons for India for 2nd time
1979 - Astros sign Nolan Ryan, to record 4 year, $4.5 million contract
1979 - Chuck Berry released from prison on income tax evasion
Supermodel & Actress Brooke ShieldsSupermodel & Actress Brooke Shields 1980 - CBS TV bans Calvin Klein's jean ad featuring Brooke Shields
1983 - Edmonton Oilers beat NJ Devils, 13-4, Wayne Gretzky calls the Devils "a Mickey Mouse organization"
1984 - Liquid gas tank in Mexico City explodes; 334 die
1984 - NY Met Dwight Gooden, 20, is youngest to be named NL Rookie of Year
1985 - Herb Gardner's "I'm Not Rappaport," premieres in NYC
1985 - US President Reagan & Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for 1st time
1986 - Phillies 3rd baseman Mike Schmidt wins NL MVP
1986 - Tina Howe's "Coastal Disturbances," premieres in NYC
1987 - France performs nuclear test
1989 - US beats Trinidad, 1-0 qualifing for 1990 world soccer cup finals it was US' 1st qualification since 1950
1990 - Greyhound files reoganization plan so they can be traded publically
1990 - Iraq announces it will free all German hostages
1990 - Pittsburgh's Barry Bonds wins NL MVP
1991 - Balt Orioles shortstop Cal Ripken wins his 2nd AL MVP
1992 - "3 From Brooklyn" opens at Helen Hayes Theater NYC for 45 performances
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail GorbachevGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev 1993 - Algerian Moslem fundamentalists uprising, 27 killed
1993 - Curacaose vote to remain part of Dutch Antilles
1994 - Aishwarya Rai, 21, of India, crowned 44th Miss World
1994 - Sam's Town Bowling Invitational won by Tish Johnson
1995 - "Beatle Anthology" premieres on ABC-TV
1995 - "Sacrilege" closes at Belasco Theater NYC after 21 performances
1995 - "School for Scandal" opens at Lyceum Theater NYC for 23 performances
1995 - 83rd CFL Grey Cup: Balt Stallions defeats Calgary Stampeders, 37-20
1995 - CNET lauches www.shareware.com
1995 - Keelin Curnuck, 23, Ms Venus Swimwear 1994, crowned Miss NY USA
1995 - Suicide bomber blasts into Egyptian embassy in Islamabad, kills 16
1996 - "God Said, Ha!," opens at Lyceum Theater NYC for 22 performances
1996 - "Sex & Longing" closes at Cort Theater NYC
1996 - Albert Belle, signs record five-year, $55 million with White Sox
1996 - Space Shuttle STS 80 (Columbia 21), launches into space
1996 - The case of the Port Arthur massacre comes to trial.
1996 - Lt. Gen. Maurice Baril of Canada arrives in Africa to lead a multi-national policing force in Zaire.
1997 - "Eugene Onegin," opens at Martin Beck Theater NYC
1997 - "Old Neighborhood," opens at Booth Theater NYC
1997 - STS 87 (Columbia 24) launches into orbit
1997 - In Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to septuplets in the second known case where all seven babies were born alive. They would go on to become the first set of septuplets to survive infancy, with all seven alive in 2007.
1998 - Vincent van Gogh's Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for $71.5 million USD.
42nd US President Bill Clinton42nd US President Bill Clinton 1998 - Lewinsky scandal: The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton.
1999 - Shenzhou 1: The People's Republic of China launches its first Shenzhou spacecraft.
1999 - In Istanbul, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ends a two-day summit by calling for a political settlement in Chechnya and adopting a Charter for European Security.
1794 - Britain's King George III signed the Jay Treaty. It resolved the issues left over from the Revolutionary War. 1850 - The first life insurance policy for a woman was issued. Carolyn Ingraham, 36 years old, bought the policy in Madison, NJ. 1863 - U.S. President Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address as he dedicated a national cemetery at the site of the Civil War battlefield in Pennsylvania. 1893 - The first newspaper color supplement was published in the Sunday New York World. 1895 - The "paper pencil" was patented by Frederick E. Blaisdell. 1919 - The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles with a vote of 55 in favor to 39 against. A two-thirds majority was needed for ratification. 1928 - "Time" magazine presented its cover in color for the first time. The subject was Japanese Emperor Hirohito. 1942 - During World War II, Russian forces launched their winter offensive against the Germans along the Don front. 1954 - Two automatic toll collectors were placed in service on the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey. 1959 - Ford Motor Co. announced it was ending the production of the unpopular Edsel. 1966 - Sandy Koufax (Los Angeles Dodgers) announced his retirement from major league baseball. 1969 - Apollo 12 astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean made man's second landing on the moon. 1970 - Hafiz al-Assad seized power in Syria. 1977 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to set foot in Israel on an official visit. 1979 - Nolan Ryan (Houston Astros) signed a four-year contract for $4.5 million. At the time, Ryan was the highest paid player in major league baseball. 1981 - U.S. Steel agreed to pay $6.3 million for Marathon Oil. 1984 - Dwight Gooden, 20-year-old, of the New York Mets, became the youngest major-league pitcher to be named Rookie of the Year in the National League. (MLB) 1985 - U.S. President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev met for the first time as they began their summit in Geneva. 1990 - NATO and the Warsaw Pact signed a treaty of nonaggression. 1993 - The U.S. Senate approved a sweeping $22.3 billion anti-crime measure. 1994 - The U.N. Security Council authorized NATO to bomb rebel Serb forces striking from neighboring Croatia. 1997 - In Carlisle, IA, septuplets were born to Bobbi McCaughey. It was only the second known case where all seven were born alive. 1998 - The impeachment inquiry of U.S. President Clinton began. 1998 - Vincent van Gogh's "Portrait of the Artist Without Beard" sold at auction for more than $71 million. 1998 - Michelle Lee received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1999 - In Istanbul, Turkey, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) concluded a two-day summit after adopting a new arms accord. During the conference, Russia was criticized for its military campaign against Chechnya's separatist movement. 2001 - U.S. President George W. Bush signed the most comprehensive air security bill in U.S. history. 2002 - The oil tanker Prestige broke into two pieces and sank off northwest Spain. The tanker lost about 2 million gallons of fuel oil when it ruptured November 13th and was towed about 150 miles out to sea. 2002 - The U.S. government completed its takeover of security at 424 airports nationwide. 2003 - Eight competing designs for a memorial to the victims of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center were unveiled. One design would be built at the site of the World Trade Center.
1703 A masked man held prisoner in the Bastille in Paris died. His true identity was the cause of much intrigue, and his story became the basis of literary works by François Voltaire and Alexandre Dumas. 1794 John Jay and Lord Grenville signed Jay's Treaty. 1863 Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the national cemetery on the Civil War battlefield of Gettysburg, Pa. 1977 Egyptian president Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel. 1985 Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev met for the first time in Geneva. 1990 Milli Vanilli's Grammy award was rescinded after it was discovered they didn't do their own singing.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/nov19.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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