July 19th: This Day in History

 

Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history 

On this day in 64, the Circus Maximus in Rome caught fire. The start of Dionysian Pascal Cycle was on this day in 532. In 711 on this day, Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeated the Visigoths, led by King Roderic. King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sank at Portsmouth on this day in 1545, with 73 dying. On this day in 1599, the merchant fleet of Jacob van Necks left Java. In 1799 on this day, a group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discovered what has now come to be known as The Rosetta Stone, which allowed for the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time. In 1836 on this day, the HMS Beagle, with British botanist Charles Darwin aboard, reached Ascension. On this day in 1870, Napoleon III's France declared war on Prussia. What came to be known as the Franco-Prussian war began. On this day in 1879, Doc Holliday, now best known for his role in the showdown at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona, killed for the first time after a man shot up his New Mexico saloon. Writer Emile Zola fled France on this day in 1898 following a conviction for libel. On this day in 1903, Maurice Garin, a former chimney sweep, won the first ever Tour de France. It was a very different race at that time than what it has become in the present day. 

Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:

• On this day in 64, the Circus Maximus in Rome caught fire.

• The start of Dionysian Pascal Cycle was on this day in 532.

• In 711 on this day, Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeated the Visigoths, led by King Roderic.

1195 - Battle at Alarcos: Almohaden beats Alfons VIII of Castilia

1380 - Thomas of Buckingham's invasion army lands on Calais

1425 - Duke John VI van Brabant pledges Holland/Zealand to Philip the Good

1510 - 38 Jews are burned at stake in Berlin Prussia

1524 - Boer War begins in Germany's Black Forest

1525 - Catholic German monarchy form Union of Dessau

1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.

• King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sank at Portsmouth on this day in 1545, with 73 dying.

1551 - Treaty of Karlsburg: arch duke Ferdinand of Austria recognized as king of Hungary/Transsylvania

1553 - 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey deposed as England's Queen after 9 days

1572 - Battle at Saint-Ghislain: Spanish army beats The Genlis' mercenaries

1575 - Spanish viceroy Gilles of Hierges attacks Oudewater

1590 - King Philip Ii's secretary Antonio Perez escapes jail

• On this day in 1599, the merchant fleet of Jacob van Necks left Java.

1639 - French troops occupy Salses, at Perpignan

1674 - Court of Holland bans books of Hobbes/Spinoza/Meyer Philosopher 

1688 - Soldiers killed governor of Aerssen in Paramaribo 

1702 - Swedish troops under King Charles XII occupy Crackow 

1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders. 

The Rosetta Stone at the British Museum, London

• In 1799 on this day, a group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discovered what has now come to be known as The Rosetta Stone, which allowed for the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time. 

July 19, 1799: Rosetta Stone found

On this day in 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign, a French soldier discovers a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles north of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the second century B.C. More startlingly, the Greek passage announced that the three scripts were all of identical meaning. The artifact thus held the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics, a written language that had been "dead" for nearly 2,000 years.  

When Napoleon, an emperor known for his enlightened view of education, art and culture, invaded Egypt in 1798, he took along a group of scholars and told them to seize all important cultural artifacts for France. Pierre Bouchard, one of Napoleon's soldiers, was aware of this order when he found the basalt stone, which was almost four feet long and two-and-a-half feet wide, at a fort near Rosetta. When the British defeated Napoleon in 1801, they took possession of the Rosetta Stone.  

Several scholars, including Englishman Thomas Young made progress with the initial hieroglyphics analysis of the Rosetta Stone. French Egyptologist Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832), who had taught himself ancient languages, ultimately cracked the code and deciphered the hieroglyphics using his knowledge of Greek as a guide. Hieroglyphics used pictures to represent objects, sounds and groups of sounds. Once the Rosetta Stone inscriptions were translated, the language and culture of ancient Egypt was suddenly open to scientists as never before.  

The Rosetta Stone has been housed at the British Museum in London since 1802, except for a brief period during World War I. At that time, museum officials moved it to a separate underground location, along with other irreplaceable items from the museum's collection, to protect it from the threat of bombs.

1799  Rosetta Stone found HISTORY.com Editors   Published: November 24, 2009  Last Updated: May 27, 2025

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-15/rosetta-stone-found

The Raft of the Medusa/Le Radeau de La Méduse by Théodore Géricault - Painting at the Louvre Museum in Paris

1816 - Survivors of French frigate Medusa rescued off Senegal after 17 days 

British Botanist Charles Darwin

• In 1836 on this day, the HMS Beagle, with British botanist Charles Darwin aboard, reached Ascension.

• 1843 - Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world. 

• 1848 - 1st US women's rights convention (Seneca Falls NY) 

Jul 19, 1848: Seneca Falls Convention begins

At the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, N.Y., a woman's rights convention--the first ever held in the United States--convenes with almost 200 women in attendance. The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. As women, Mott and Stanton were barred from the convention floor, and the common indignation that this aroused in both of them was the impetus for their founding of the women's rights movement in the United States.  

In 1848, at Stanton's home near Seneca Falls, the two women, working with Martha Wright, Mary Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt, sent out a call for a women's conference to be held at Seneca Falls. The announcement, published in the Seneca County Courier on July 14, read, "A Convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women will be held in the Wesleyan Chapel, at Seneca Falls, N.Y., on Wednesday and Thursday, the 19th and 20th of July current; commencing at 10 o'clock A.M. During the first day the meeting will be exclusively for women, who are earnestly invited to attend. The public generally are invited to be present on the second day, when Lucretia Mott, of Philadelphia, and other ladies and gentlemen, will address the Convention."  

On July 19, 200 women convened at the Wesleyan Chapel, and Stanton read the "Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances," a treatise that she had drafted over the previous few days. Stanton's declaration was modeled closely on the Declaration of Independence, and its preamble featured the proclamation, "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights..." The Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances then detailed the injustices inflicted upon women in the United States and called upon U.S. women to organize and petition for their rights.  

On the second day of the convention, men were invited to intend--and some 40 did, including the famous African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass. That day, the Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances was adopted and signed by the assembly. The convention also passed 12 resolutions--11 unanimously--which called for specific equal rights for women. The ninth resolution, which declared "it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise," was the only one to meet opposition. After a lengthy debate, in which Douglass sided with Stanton in arguing the importance of female enfranchisement, the resolution was passed. For proclaiming a women's right to vote, the Seneca Falls Convention was subjected to public ridicule, and some backers of women's rights withdrew their support. However, the resolution marked the beginning of the women's suffrage movement in America.  

The Seneca Falls Convention was followed two weeks later by an even larger meeting in Rochester, N.Y. Thereafter, national woman's rights conventions were held annually, providing an important focus for the growing women's suffrage movement. After years of struggle, the 19th Amendment was adopted in 1920, granting American women the constitutionally protected right to vote.

1848  Seneca Falls Convention begins HISTORY.com Editors Published: July 21, 2010  Last Updated: February 18, 2025

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-19/seneca-falls-convention-begins

1848 - German Parliament demands Dutch province of Limburg 

1850 - Airship Elizabeth leaves in storm for Fire Island, crashes (42 die) 

1860 - 1st railroad reaches Kansas 

1862 - Forrest's 1st raid 

1863 - Battle of Buffington's Island (St George Creek), Ohio 

1864 - Battle of Winchester, VA (Stephenson's Depot) [->JUL 20] 

1866 - Tennessee is 1st to ratify 14th Amendment, guaranteeing civil rights 

1867 - Congress passed 3rd Reconstruction Act over Pres Andrew Johnson's veto

1867 - Dutch Red Cross forms

Painting of Napoleon III, which hangs in the Napoleon III Apartment in the Louvre Museum, Paris, France. 

• On this day in 1870, Napoleon III's France declared war on Prussia. What came to be known as the Franco-Prussian war began.

1875 - Emma Abbott, a floating hospital for sick kids, makes trial trip, NYC

1877 - 1st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Spencer W Gore beats Marshall (61 62 64)

Statue of Wyatt Earp in Tombstone, Arizona

• On this day in 1879, Doc Holliday, now best known for his role in the showdown at the OK Corral in Tombstone, Arizona, killed for the first time after a man shot up his New Mexico saloon.

1880 - SF Public Library starts lending books

Bust of French writer Emile Zola

• Writer Emile Zola fled France on this day in 1898 following a conviction for libel.

Jul 19, 1898: Emile Zola flees France          

Novelist Emile Zola flees France on this day in 1898 to escape imprisonment after being convicted of libel against the French army in the notorious Dreyfus affair.  

Zola was a well-known writer who had published his first book, a collection of stories, more than three decades earlier. After failing his baccalaureate, he worked in the sales department of a major French publisher, who encouraged his writing and published his first book. He became one of the most famous writers in France with the publication of his 1877 hit, The Drunkard, part of his 20-novel cycle exploring the lives of two families.  

In 1898, Zola wrote an inflammatory newspaper letter, entitled "J'Accuse," exposing a military cover-up regarding Captain Alfred Dreyfus. Dreyfus, a French army captain, had been accused of espionage in 1894 and sentenced in a secret military court-martial to imprisonment in a South American penal colony. Two years later, evidence of Dreyfus' innocence surfaced, but the army suppressed the information. Zola's letter blamed the military for concealing its mistaken conviction.  

Zola's letter provoked national outrage on both sides of the issue, among political parties, religious organizations, and others. He was brought to trial for libel, convicted, and sentenced to one year's imprisonment. He fled France but returned in 1899, after Dreyfus was pardoned. Zola died in 1902, four years before Dreyfus was finally exonerated.  

Jul 19, 1898: Emile Zola flees France HISTORY.com Editors Published: July 21, 2010  Last Updated: February 18, 2025:

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history 

1899 - National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, forms

1904 - Dutch Premier Kuypers disbands 1st Chamber

• On this day in 1903, Maurice Garin, a former chimney sweep, won the first ever Tour de France. It was a very different race at that time than what it has become in the present day. 

1904 - Dutch Premier Kuypers disbands 1st Chamber

1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.


1913 - Billboard publishes earliest known "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers among Popular Songs" Malinda's Wedding Day is #1


1915 - Dutch accidents at sea law enforced

1915 - Naval accident


1918 - German armies retreat across Marne River in France (WW I)

1918 - Wash catcher Eddie Ainsmith applies for deferment from the draft Sec of War Newton D Baker rules baseball players are not draft exempt

1919 - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.

1923 - WRC-AM in Washington DC begins radio transmissions

1926 - 2nd French government of Herriot, forms

1927 - Ty Cobb gets his 4,000th hit

1928 - King Fuad of Egypt grabs power/disbands parliament

1933 - 1st time, brothers on opposite teams homer in the same game. Red Sox

1933 - Rick Ferrell homers off brother pitcher Wes of Cleve, who also homers

1936 - Indians' Bob Feller makes his major league debut in relief

1936 - Spanish premier Casares Quiroga succeeded by Jose Giral

1937 - Entartete Art Fair opens in Munich

1937 - Joris Ivens' "Spanish Earth" premieres in Hollywood

1939 - Dr Roy P Scholz is 1st surgeon to use fiberglass sutures

1940 - Hitler orders Great Britain to surrenders

1940 - Nazi occupiers imprison 231 prominent Dutch citizens in Buchenwald

1940 - Nazi occupiers in Neth forbid anti-nazi films

1941 - 1st US Army flying school for black cadets dedicated (Tuskegee Ala)

1941 - BBC World Service begins playing V(ictory) (...-) 5th of Beethoven British war time Prime Minister Winston ChurchillBritish war time Prime Minister Winston Churchill

Statue of soldier, author and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London

1941 - British PM Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign

1941 - President Roosevelt appointed FEP Committee

1942 - Dmitri Shostakovitch' 7th Symphony, premieres in US

1942 - German occupiers confiscate bicycles in Rotterdam & Hague

1943 - 500 allied air forces raid Rome during WW II

Jul 19, 1943: America bombs Rome 

On this day in 1943, the United States bombs railway yards in Rome in an attempt to break the will of the Italian people to resist—as Hitler lectures their leader, Benito Mussolini, on how to prosecute the war further.  

On July 16, President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill appealed to the Italian civilian population to reject Mussolini and Hitler and "live for Italy and civilization." As an "incentive," American bombers raided the city, destroying its railways. Panic broke out among the Romans. Convinced by Mussolini that the Allies would never bomb the holy city, civilians poured into the Italian capital for safety. The bombing did more than shake their security in the city—it shook their confidence in their leader.  

The denizens of Rome were not alone in such disillusion. In a meeting in northern Italy, Hitler attempted to revive the flagging spirits of Il Duce, as well as point out his deficiencies as a leader. Afraid that Mussolini, having suffered successive military setbacks, would sue for a separate peace, leaving the Germans alone to battle it out with Allied forces along the Italian peninsula, Hitler decided to meet with his onetime role model to lecture him on the manly art of war. Mussolini remained uncharacteristically silent during the harangue, partly due to his own poor German (he would request a translated synopsis of the meeting later), partly due to his fear of Hitler's response should he tell the truth—that Italy was beaten and could not continue to fight. Mussolini kept up the charade for his German allies: Italy would press on. But no one believed the brave front anymore. Just a day later, Hitler secretly ordered Field Marshal Erwin Rommel to take command of the occupied Greek Islands, better to "pounce on Italy" if and when Mussolini capitulated to the United States. But within a week, events would take a stunning turn.

1943  America bombs Rome HISTORY.com Editors  Published: November 05, 2009  Last Updated: May 27, 2025

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-19/america-bombs-rome

1944 - 1,200+ 8th Air Force bombers bomb targets in SW Germany

1944 - 500 15th Air Force Liberators/Flying Fortresses bomb Munich vicinity

1944 - 500 15th Air Force-Liberators surround Munich

1944 - Allied troops occupy Faubourg de Vaucelles, at Caen

1944 - Danish resistance fails on assault on Taarbaek Fort near Copenhagen

1944 - Democratic convention opens in Chicago

1944 - Earl Claus von Stauffenberg visits RC church in Berlin-Dahlem

1944 - General Bradley flies to England

1944 - Japanese aircraft carriers Taiho/Shokaku sinks in Marianas

1944 - NY archbishop Spellman flies to Europe

1944 - Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg 1st meets Eichmann

1945 - Edwin Schlossberg, husband of Carolyn Kennedy

1945 - USS Cod saves 51 sailors from Dutch sub in only sub-to-sub rescue

1947 - Prime minister of shadow Burma government ,Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members were assassinated by British , which resulted in the political chaos in the country lasting until now.

1948 - French government of Schuman, resigns 

1949 - Laos becomes associated state within French Union

1950 - French/Vietnamese offensive against Viet Minh


1950 - Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Summi maeroris




1952 - 15th modern Olympic games opens in Helsinki, Finland 

1955 - Balclutha ties up at Pier 43 & becomes a floating museum 

1955 - Yarkon Water Project opens to supply water to Negev desert in Israel 

1956 - US refuse to lend Egypt money to build Aswan Dam 

1957 - 1st rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada 

1957 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site 

1960 - Italian government Tambroni, resigns 

1961 - 1st in-flight movie shown (TWA) 

1962 - Hungarian communist party expels Rákosi & Gero 

1963 - NASA civilian Test pilot Joe Walker in X-15 reaches 105 km 

1964 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1965 - Shooting begins on Star Trek 2nd pilot "Where No Man Has Gone Before" 

1966 - France performs nuclear Test at Fangataufa Island 1966 - Gov James Rhodes declares state of emergency in Cleveland (race riot) 1967 - 1st air conditioned NYC subway car (R-38 on the F line) 1967 - Race riots in Durham NC 

1967 - US launches Explorer 35 for lunar orbit (800/7400 km) 

1969 - Apollo 11 goes into Moon orbit 

1971 - Sudan military coup under maj Hashem al-Atta, Numeiry flees 

1974 - Soyuz 14 lands 1975 - Apollo & Soyuz linked in orbit for 2 days, separate 

1975 - Nullified because the tar on his bat handle exceeds 18" limit 

1976 - Rock group Deep Purple disbands 

1976 - Allman Brother's roadie Scooter Herring sentenced to 75 years for providing drugs for the group, based on Gregg Allman's testimony 

1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created. 

1977 - Floods in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 76 

1978 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 

1979 - 2 supertankers collide off Tobago-260,000 TONS of oil spill 1979 - Maritza Sayalero, 18, of Venezuela, crowned 28th Miss Universe 1979 - Nicaragua Liberation Day; Sandinistas take over from Somoza 

1979 - Patricia Harris, becomes sect of HEW 1980 - 22nd modern Olympic games opens in Moscow; US & others boycott 

1980 - David Bowie appears in role of "Elephant Man" in Denver 

1982 - Bolivian government resigns 

1982 - David S Dodge becomes 1st American hostage in Lebanon 1982 - 1st annual Cracker Jack Oldtimers Classic 75-year-old Luke Appling hits a 250-foot HR off Warren Spahn, AL beats NL 7-2 1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published. 1984 - 1st female to captain a 747 across Atlantic (Lynn Rippelmeyer) 

1984 - Geraldine A Ferraro, (Rep-D-NY), wins Democratic VP nomination 1985 - Christa McAuliffe chosen 1st school teacher to fly space shuttle 1985 - Dam in Fiemme Valley Italy bursts; 200-300 die 1985 - The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy. 1986 - Indian pitcher Phil Niekro wins his 307th game tying him with 1986 - Tim Witherspoon KOs Frank Bruno in 11 for heavyweight boxing title

1987 - 116th British Golf Open: Nick Faldo shoots a 279 at Muirfield Gullane

1987 - Don Mattingly sets AL record of extra base hits in 10 cons games

1989 - Cleve Indian Joe Carter has his 4th 3 HR game

1989 - United Airlines DC-10 crashes at Sioux City Iowa, kills 112

1990 - BASF plant in Cincinnati explodes in flames, 1 dies

1990 - Cincinnati Red Pete Rose is sentence to 5 months for tax evasion

1990 - Richard Nixon library opens in Yorba Linda, Calif

1990 - Dave Raghetti pitches in his 499th game as a NY Yankee, passing Whitey Ford in most appearances as a NY Yankee

1991 - Cal Ripken plays in his 1,500th consecutive game

1991 - Mike Tyson rapes a Miss Black America contestant (Desiree Washington)

1991 - With NY Yankee victory, 10 of 14 AL teams are at .500 or better

1992 - "Price" closes at Criterion Theater NYC after 47 performances

1992 - 30th Tennis Fed Cup: Germany beats Spain in Frankfurt Germany (2-1)

1992 - Ballet dancer Peter Martins charged with beating his wife

1992 - NYC Ballet star Peter Martins, arrested for beating his wife

1993 - Glen Chapple (Lancs) scores fastest F-C century, 21 minutes

1993 - Last day of 1st-class cricket for Ian Botham

1993 - Pres Clinton fires FBI director William Sessions

1994 - 1st game ever cancelled at Seattle Kingdome (falling tiles)

1994 - Bomb explosion in Alas Airlines at Colon Panama, 21 killed

1994 - Leonid Kvetjsma sworn in as Ukraine president

1996 - Ireland beats Netherlands in 1st European Championship Final

1996 - Jason Gallian scores 312 in 683 mins for Lancashire v Derbyshire

1996 - XXVI Olympic games open in Atlanta Georgia



 1525 - The Catholic princes of Germany formed the Dessau League to fight against the Reformation.   1553 - Fifteen-year-old Lady Jane Grey was deposed as Queen of England after claiming the crown for nine days. Mary, the daughter of King Henry VIII, was proclaimed Queen.   1788 - Prices plunged on the Paris stock market.   1799 - The Rosetta Stone, a tablet with hieroglyphic translations into Greek, was found in Egypt.   1848 - The Women's Rights Convention took place in Seneca Fall, NY. Bloomers were introduced at the convention.   1870 - France declared war on Prussia.   1909 - The first unassisted triple play in major-league baseball was made by Cleveland Indians shortstop Neal Ball in a game against Boston.   1939 - Dr. Roy P. Scholz became the first surgeon to use fiberglass sutures.   1942 - German U-boats were withdrawn from positions off the U.S. Atlantic coast due to effective American anti-submarine countermeasures.   1943 - During World War II, more than 150 B-17 and 112 B-24 bombers attacked Rome for the first time.   1946 - Marilyn Monroe acted in her first screen test.   1960 - Juan Marichal (San Francisco Giants) became the first pitcher to get a one-hitter in his major league debut.   1974 - The House Judiciary Committee recommended that U.S. President Richard Nixon should stand trial in the Senate for any of the five impeachment charges against him.   1975 - The Apollo and Soyuz spacecrafts separated after being linked in orbit for two days.   1979 - In Nicaragua, the dictatorship of the Somozas was overthrown by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional or FSLN).   1982 - The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 14% of the population had an income below the official poverty level in 1981.   1984 - Geraldine Ferraro was nominated by the Democratic Party to become the first woman from a major political party to run for the office of U.S. Vice-President.   1985 - George Bell won first place in a biggest feet contest with a shoe size of 28-1/2. Bell, at age 26, stood 7 feet 10 inches tall.   1985 - Christa McAuliffe of New Hampshire was chosen to be the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the space shuttle. She died with six others when the Challenger exploded the following year.


1848 The first women's rights convention, called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia C. Mott, was held in Seneca Falls, New York. 1870 The Franco-Prussian war began. 1941 Winston Churchill was the first to use the two-finger "V is for Victory" sign. 1966 Fifty year-old singer Frank Sinatra married 21-year-old actress Mia Farrow. 1984 Geraldine Ferraro became the first woman nominated for the vice-presidency by a major political party. 1993 President Clinton announced the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy regarding gays in the military.

The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:

http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php

http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul19.htm

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory