Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
May 30, 1431: Joan of Arc martyred
At Rouen in English-controlled Normandy, Joan of Arc, the peasant girl who became the savior of France, is burned at the stake for heresy.
Joan was born in 1412, the daughter of a tenant farmer at Domremy, on the borders of the duchies of Bar and Lorraine. In 1415, the Hundred Years War between England and France entered a crucial phase when the young King Henry V of England invaded France and won a series of decisive victories against the forces of King Charles VI. By the time of Henry's death in August 1422, the English and their French-Burgundian allies controlled Aquitaine and most of northern France, including Paris. Charles VI, long incapacitated, died one month later, and his son, Charles, regent from 1418, prepared to take the throne. However, Reims, the traditional city of French coronation, was held by the Anglo-Burgundians, and the Dauphin (heir apparent to the French throne) remained uncrowned. Meanwhile, King Henry VI of England, the infant son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI, was proclaimed king of France by the English.
Joan's village of Domremy lay on the frontier between the France of the Dauphin and that of the Anglo-Burgundians. In the midst of this unstable environment, Joan began hearing "voices" of three Christian saints—St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. When she was about 16, these voices exhorted her to aid the Dauphin in capturing Reims and therefore the French throne. In May 1428, she traveled to Vaucouleurs, a stronghold of the Dauphin, and told the captain of the garrison of her visions. Disbelieving the young peasant girl, he sent her home. In January 1429, she returned, and the captain, impressed by her piety and determination, agreed to allow her passage to the Dauphin at Chinon.
Dressed in men's clothes and accompanied by six soldiers, she reached the Dauphin's castle at Chinon in February 1429 and was granted an audience. Charles hid himself among his courtiers, but Joan immediately picked him out and informed him of her divine mission. For several weeks, Charles had Joan questioned by theologians at Poitiers, who concluded that, given his desperate straits, the Dauphin would be well-advised to make use of this strange and charismatic girl.
Charles furnished her with a small army, and on April 27, 1429, she set out for Orleans, besieged by the English since October 1428. On April 29, as a French sortie distracted the English troops on the west side of Orleans, Joan entered unopposed by its eastern gate. She brought greatly needed supplies and reinforcements and inspired the French to a passionate resistance. She personally led the charge in several battles and on May 7 was struck by an arrow. After quickly dressing her wound, she returned to the fight, and the French won the day. On May 8, the English retreated from Orleans.
During the next five weeks, Joan and the French commanders led the French into a string of stunning victories over the English. On July 16, the royal army reached Reims, which opened its gates to Joan and the Dauphin. The next day, Charles VII was crowned king of France, with Joan standing nearby holding up her standard: an image of Christ in judgment. After the ceremony, she knelt before Charles, joyously calling him king for the first time.
On September 8, the king and Joan attacked Paris. During the battle, Joan carried her standard up to the earthworks and called on the Parisians to surrender the city to the king of France. She was wounded but continued to rally the king's troops until Charles ordered an end to the unsuccessful siege. That year, she led several more small campaigns, capturing the town of Saint-Pierre-le-Moitier. In December, Charles ennobled Joan, her parents, and her brothers.
In May 1430, the Burgundians laid siege to Compiegne, and Joan stole into the town under the cover of darkness to aid in its defense. On May 23, while leading a sortie against the Burgundians, she was captured. The Burgundians sold her to the English, and in March 1431 she went on trial before ecclesiastical authorities in Rouen on charges of heresy. Her most serious crime, according to the tribunal, was her rejection of church authority in favor of direct inspiration from God. After refusing to submit to the church, her sentence was read on May 24: She was to be turned over to secular authorities and executed. Reacting with horror to the pronouncement, Joan agreed to recant and was condemned instead to perpetual imprisonment.
Ordered to put on women's clothes, she obeyed, but a few days later the judges went to her cell and found her dressed again in male attire. Questioned, she told them that St. Catherine and St. Margaret had reproached her for giving in to the church against their will. She was found to be a relapsed heretic and on May 29 ordered handed over to secular officials. On May 30, Joan, 19 years old, was burned at the stake at the Place du Vieux-Marche in Rouen. Before the pyre was lit, she instructed a priest to hold high a crucifix for her to see and to shout out prayers loud enough to be heard above the roar of the flames.
As a source of military inspiration, Joan of Arc helped turn the Hundred Years War firmly in France's favor. By 1453, Charles VII had reconquered all of France except for Calais, which the English relinquished in 1558. In 1920, Joan of Arc, one of the great heroes of French history, was recognized as a Christian saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Her feast day is May 30.
1035 - Boudouin V van Rijsel becomes earl of Flanders
1087 - German emperor Henry IV crowns his son Koenraad
1100 - Burchard becomes bishop of Utrecht
1381 - English boer uprising begins in Essex
1416 - Jerome of Prague, burned at the stake for heresy by church Council of Constance
1431 - Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake as a heretic by an English-dominated tribunal.
1434 - Battle at Lipany
1498 - Columbus departs with 6 ships for 3rd trip to America
1522 - French troops driven out of Genoa
1527 - University of Marburg is founded in Germany
1536 - King Henry VIII of England married his 3rd wife, Jane Seymour, 11 days after he had his 2nd wife, Anne Boleyn executed.
1539 - Hernando de Soto, the Spanish explorer, landed in Florida with 600 soldiers to search for gold.
1574 - Henry III follows brother Charles IX as king of France
1574 - Sea battle at Lillo Belgium (Adolf Van Haemstede vs Louis de Boisot)
1584 - Earl Adolf van Nieuwenaar/Meurs becomes viceroy of Gelderland
1631 - France/Maximilian van Bavarian signs Accord of Fontainebleau
1635 - Emperor Ferdinand II and Saksen sign Peace of Prague
1642 - From this date all honours granted by Charles I are retrospectively annulled by Parliament
1646 - Spain and Netherlands signs temporary cease fire
1783 - The first daily newspaper was published in the U.S. by Benjamin Towner called "The Pennsylvania Evening Post"
1793 - Georges Couthon chosen member of French Committee the Salut Public
1806 - Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel after Dickinson had accused Jackson's wife of bigamy.
1808 - Napoleon annexes Tuscany & gave it seats in French Senate
1814 - Napoleonic Wars: War of the Sixth Coalition - The First Treaty of Paris was declared, which returned France to its 1792 borders.
1821 - James Boyd patents Rubber Fire Hose
1822 - House slave betrays Denmark Vesey conspiracy (37 blacks hanged)
1832 - Evariste Galois give his theory on free assembly (dies in duel May 31)
1832 - The Rideau Canal in eastern Ontario is opened.
1842 - John Francis attempts to assassinate Queen Victoria
1848 - Second battle at Gioto: Sardinia-Piemonte beats Austrians
1848 - W.G. Young patented the ice cream freezer.
1848 - Mexico ratifies treaty giving US; New Mexico, California & parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona & Colorado in return for $15 million
1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed Missouri Compromise opens north slavery
1854 - 1854 - The U.S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas were established.
1858 - Hudson's Bay Co rights to Vancouver Island revoked
1862 - Battle of Booneville MS - captured Gen Beauregard evacuates Corinth
1864 - Cavalry fight at Battle of Bethesda Church/Totopotomoy Creek Virginia during US Civil War
1866 - Opera "Die Verkaufte Braut" premieres (Prague)
1868 - Memorial Day first observed when 2 women in Columbus Mississippi placed flowers on both Confederate & Union graves
1876 - Ottoman sultan Abd-ul-Aziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murat V.
1879 - William Vanderbilt renamed New York City's Gilmore’s Garden to Madison Square Garden.
1879 - An F4 tornado strikes Irving, Kansas, killing 18 and injuring 60.
1883 - Twelve people were trampled to death in New York City in a stampede when a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge was in danger of collapsing occurred.
1889 - The brassiere was invented.
1890 - First Dodger home run (Dave Foutz)
1894 - Bobby Lowe is first to hit 4 HRs in 1 baseball game
1895 - W G Grace scores his 1,000th Cricket run of the season after 22 days
1896 - First car accident occurs, Henry Wells hit a bicyclist (NYC)
1899 - 24th Preakness: R Clawson aboard Half Time wins in 1:47
1901 - Hall of Fame for Great American on NYU campus dedicated
1901 - Memorial Day is first observed in US
1903 - 28th Preakness: W Gannon aboard Flocarline wins in 1:44.8
1903 - In Riverdale, NY, the first American motorcycle hill climb was held.
1904 - Frank Chance gets hit by pitch 5 times in a doubleheader
1906 - 40th Belmont: Lucien Lyne aboard Burgomaster wins in 2:20
1907 - 41st Belmont: G Mountain aboard Peter Pan wins
1908 - First federal workmen's compensation law approved
1908 - 42nd Belmont: Joe Notter aboard Colin win
1908 - Aldrich Vineland Currency Act forerunner to Federal Reserve System
1908 - Paris advocate E Archdeacon is 1st passenger in a airplane
1908 - US Assay Office in Salt Lake City, Utah authorized
1909 - National Conference on the Negro is held
1909 - Reuben Siegel laid cornerstone of 1st home in Tel-Aviv
1910 - 44th Belmont: James Butwell aboard Sweep wins in 2:22
1911 - 1st Indianapolis 500 car race, Ray Harroun wins at 74.59 MPH (120 KPH)
1911 - Ray Harroun won the first Indianapolis Sweepstakes. The 500-mile auto race later became known as the Indianapolis 500. Harroun's average speed was 74.59 miles per hour (120KPH)
1912 - The U.S. Marines were sent to Nicaragua to protect American interests.
1913 - First Balkan War ends, Treaty of London
1913 - New country of Albania formed
1913 - John McGraw joins Fred Clarke, Cap Anson, Frank Selee, & Connie Mack
1913 - as managers who have won 1,000 games
1914 - The new and then largest Cunard ocean liner RMS Aquitania, 45,647 tons, sets sails on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
1917 - Alexander I becomes king of Greece.
1921 - Lord Dunsany's "If," premieres in London
1921 - Memorial to Capt Eddie Grant, killed in WW I, unveiled at Polo Grounds
1921 - Salzburg, Austria, votes to join Germany
1921 - The U.S. Navy transferred the Teapot Dome oil reserves to the Department of the Interior.
1922 - The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC, was dedicated by Chief Justice William Howard Taft.
1922 - Latvia and Vatican sign accord
1922 - Cubs swap Max Flack for Cards Cliff Heathcote during middle of doubleheader. Both play for both teams that day
1923 - Howard Hanson's 1st Symphony "Nordic," premieres
1924 - Socialist Matteotti falls in Italian parliament by fascists 1925 - British mariners shoot on demonstrators
1925 - Peter DePaolo became 1st man to average over 100 mph at Indy
1925 - Rogers Hornsby replaces Branch Rickey as manager of Cardinals
1925 - In China protests erupt against the Great Powers infringing on Chinese sovereignty.
1927 - Walter Johnson records 113th and last shutout of his career
1930 - Bill Arnold wins Indianapolis 500 car race (161.6 kph)
1931 - Phillies Chuck Klein homers off Ben Cantwell (Braves) in both ends DH
1933 - Patent on invisible glass installation
1933 - Sally Rand introduced her exotic and erotic fan dance to audiences at Chicago’s Century of Progress Exposition.
1935 - Babe Ruth's final game, goes hitless for Braves against Phillies
1937 - Memorial Day Massacre - Chicago police shoot on union marchers, 10 die
1937 - Pitcher Carl Hubbell's 24th consecutive victory
1937 - Police kill 10 strikers at Republic Steel Plant in Chicago
1937 - 61,756, 2nd-largest crowd in Polo Grounds history, sees Dodgers ends Carl Hubbell's consecutive-game winning streak at 24
1941 - First anti semitic measures in Serbia
1941 - English Army enters Baghdad, chasing pro-German coup government
1941 - German capture Kreta
1942 - 1,047 bombers bomb Cologne in RAF's raid of WW II
1942 - Reichsfuhrer Himmler arrived in Prague
1942 - Satchel Paige pitches 5 innings to defeat Dizzy Dean All-Stars 8-1
1942 - US aircraft carrier Yorktown leaves Pearl Harbor
1943 - French general De Gaulle arrives in Algiers
1943 - American forces secured the Aleutian island of Attu from the Japanese during World War II.
1944 - Transport nr 75 departs with French Jews to Nazi Germany
1946 - Braves Bernard Malamud HR shatters Bulova clock in Ebbets Field
1946 - United flight 521 crashes on takeoff at LaGuardia Airport (NY) 42 die
1948 - Schenectady Blue Jays Tom Lasorda strikes out 25 in 15-inning game
1948 - A dike along the flooding Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes. Fifteen people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.
1949 - East German constitution approved
1949 - NPS/VHP win 1st general election in Suriname
1949 - WRTV TV channel 6 in Indianapolis, IN (ABC) begins broadcasting
1951 - Ezzard Charles beats Joey Maxim in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1952 - Charlie Grimm succeeds Tommy Holmes as manager of Boston Braves
1952 - Darius Milhaud's "West Point Suite," premieres
1953 - First major league network baseball game-Cleveland 7, Chicago 2
1953 - 23rd French Mens Tennis: Ken Rosewall beats V Seixas (63 64 16 62)
1953 - 23rd French Womens Tennis: Maureen Connolly beats Doris Hart (62 64)
1954 - Dutch bishops forbid membership to non-catholic sporting clubs
1954 - Emile Zatopek runs world record 5K (13:57.2)
1954 - Hector Villa-Lobos' "Odisseia de Uma Raca," premieres
1955 - KMVT TV channel 11 in Twin Falls, ID (CBS/NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting
1955 - Said el-Mufti forms Jordan government
1955 - Tunisia begins domestic self governing
1956 - Bus boycott begins in Tallahassee Florida
1956 - Mickey Mantle misses by 18" hitting 1st HR out of Yankee Stadium
1956 - US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests)
1957 - Real Madrid wins 2nd Europe Cup 1 in Madrid
1957 - Test Cricket debut for Rohan Kanhai v England at Edgbaston
1958 - US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests)
1958 - Unidentified soldiers killed in World War II and the Korean conflicts were buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
1959 - "First Impressions" closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 84 performances
1959 - "Nervous Set" closes at Henry Miller's Theater NYC after 23 perfs
1959 - Iraq terminates milt assistance pact with US due to neutrality
1959 - Pres Somoza ends emergency crisis in Nicaragua
1959 - Pres Stroessner disbands Paraguay's parliament
1959 - World's 1st hovercraft (SR-N1) tested at Cowes England
1959 - The Auckland Harbour Bridge is officially opened today in Auckland, New Zealand.
1961 - Dutch DC-8 crashes after takeoff at Lisbon, 62 die
1961 - Maris hits his 10th & 11th of 61 HRs
1961 - Long time Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo is assassinated in Santo Domingo,Dominican Republic.
1962 - 69 killed in bus crash (Ahmedabad India)
1962 - Benjamin Britten's "War Requiem," premieres
1964 - "Beyond the Fringe" closes at John Golden Theater NYC after 673 perfs
1964 - Beatles 1961 record of "Cry for a Shadow" is #1 in Australia
1964 - Beatles' "Love Me Do," single goes #1
1964 - Giants sweep Mets 5-3 & 8-6 in 23 inn, records include elapsed time of 9:50, 47 strikeouts, 7:22 for 2nd game & NY's 22 K's in 2nd games
1965 - France performs nuclear test at Ecker Algeria (Underground)
1965 - Viet Cong offensive against US base Da Nang, begins
1965 - Vivian Malone, is 1st black to graduate from University of Alabama
1966 - 300 US airplanes bomb North Vietnam
1966 - Graham Hill wins Indianapolis 500 car race (232.2 kph)
1966 - US launches Surveyor 1 to Moon \
1967 - The state of Biafra seceded from Nigeria and Civil war erupted.
1967 - Daredevil Evel Knievel jumped 16 automobiles in a row in a motorcycle stunt at Ascot Speedway in Gardena, CA.
1967 - King Hussein of Jordan visits Cairo
1967 - Robert "Evel" Knievel's motorcycle jumps 16 automobiles
1967 - Yankee Whitey Ford, nearing 41, announces his retirement from baseball
1968 - Beatles begin work on their only double album "Beatles"
1968 - President De Gaulle disbands French parliament
1968 - University church in Leipzig German DR, blown up
1968 - West German Parliament accepts emergency crisis law
1969 - Derek Clayton runs world record marathon (2:08:33.6) at Antwerp
1969 - Gibraltar adopts constitution
1969 - People revolt in Willemstad, Curacao
1969 - Riots on the Caribbean island of Curaçao
1970 - "Minnie's Boys" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 80 performances
1970 - Baseball All-Star voting is returned to fans
1971 - 36 hospitalized during Grateful Dead concert; drunk LSD apple juice
1971 - Train crash at Duivendrecht Neth, 5 die
1971 - Mariner 9, the American deep space probe blasted off on a journey to Mars.
1971 - Willie Mays hits his 638th HR, sets NL record of 1,950 runs scored
1972 - 3 Jap PFL terrorists kills 24, wound 72 at Tel Aviv's Lod Intl airport
1972 - The Angry Brigade goes on trial over a series of 25 bombings throughout Britain.
1973 - Ajax wins 3rd Europe Cup
1975 - European Space Agency (ESA) forms
1975 - Wings release "Venus & Mars" album
1976 - Bobby Unser sets world record for fastest pit stop (4 seconds)
1977 - Cleveland Indian Dennis Eckersley no-hits California Angels, 2-0
1979 - Nottingham Forrest wins 24th Europe Cup 1 at Munich
1979 - Pat Underwood makes his pitching debut for Detroit beats brother Tom
1979 - Percom Data Company Inc release Microdos for Radio Shack's TRS-80
1979 - Ted Coombs begins a 5,193 mile roller skate from LA to NYC
1980 - First papal visit to France since 1814
1980 - Tiger reliever John Hiller, 37, (who had a 1971 heart attack), retires
1980 - Turner's painting "Juliet & Her Nurse" sells for $6.4 million
1980 - Twins Ken Landreaux ends his hitting streak after 31 games
1981 - "Nightline" extends from 4 nights to 5 nights a week (Friday)
1981 - Bangladesh Pres Ziaur Rahman is shot by group of rebel officers
1981 - LA Dodgers are quickest to get 1,000,000 attendence (22 games)
1981 - In Chittagong, Bangladesh, President Ziaur Rahman was assassinated by rebel officers,
1982 - Spain became the 16th NATO member. Spain was the first country to enter the Western alliance since West Germany in 1955.
1982 - "Do Black Patent Leather Shoes..." closes at Alvin NYC after 5 perf
1982 - Closest Indy 500, Gordon Johncock beats Rick Mears by 0.16 seconds
1983 - Surrey all out for 14 vs Essex, their lowest score ever
1983 - AL Pres Lee MacPhail suspends Yankees owner George Steinbrenner for one week, for his public criticism of umpires
1983 - Peru's President Fernando Belaunde Terry declared a state of emergency and suspended civil rights after bombings by leftist rebels.
1984 - Bomb explodes in rebel leader Eden Pastora headquarters in Nicaragua
1984 - Liverpool wins 29th Europe Cup 1 in Rome
1984 - NL suspends Mario Soto 5 days for Reds-Cubs fight on May 27th
1985 - Stanley Cup: Edmonton Oilers beat Philadelphia Flyers, 4 games to 1
1986 - Ariane-2 (ESA) launched
1986 - Bobby Rahal is 1st to avg over 170 mph in Indianapolis 500
1986 - France performs nuclear test
1987 - Mike Tyson TKOs Pinklon Thomas in 6 for heavyweight boxing title
1987 - North American Philips Company unveils compact disc video
1987 - Tony Tucker TKOs Buster Douglas in 10 for heavyweight boxing title
1987 - West German Mathias Rust lands airplane on Red Square
1989 - The "Goddess of Democracy" statue (33 feet height) was erected in Tiananmen Square by student demonstrators.
1989 - Margaret Ray pleads guilty to breaking into David Letterman's house
1990 - 135 die in a (6.4) earthquake in Peru
1990 - Dow Jones avg hits a record 2,878.56
1990 - Earthquake hit Peru, killing 135
1991 - 64th National Spelling Bee: Joanne Lagatta wins spelling antipyretic
1991 - Arturo Barrios runs world record one-hour distance (21,096 km)
1991 - Supreme Court rules prosecutors can be sued for legal advice they give police & can be held accountable
1992 - Minnesota Twin Bert Blyleven is 2nd to win as teenager & 40 year old
1992 - NY Lotto pays $30 million to one winner (#s are 12-15-30-33-40-48)
1992 - NY Yankee Scott Sanderson becomes 9th to beat all 26 teams
1992 - UN votes for sanctions against Serb-led Yugoslavia to halt fighting
1996 - 69th National Spelling Bee: Wendy Guey wins spelling vivisepulture
1996 - John Tesh's final day as host of "Entertainment Tonight"
1996 - Albert Belle uses a forearm to break up a double play & nearly breaks Brewer 2nd baseman Fernando Vina's nose, Belle gets 2 game suspension
1996 - Britain's Prince Andrew and the former Sarah Ferguson were granted an uncontested decree ending their 10-year marriage.
1997 - Jesse K. Timmendequas was convicted in Trenton, NJ, of raping and strangling a 7-year-old neighbor, Megan Kanka. The 1994 murder inspired "Megan's Law," requiring that communities be notified when sex offenders move in.
1997 - Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X, set afire by 12 year old grandson
1997 - Ken Dryden becomes president of NHL's Toronto Maple Leafs
1998 - A magnitude 6.6 earthquake in Northern Afghanistan (and subsequent aftershocks) killed an estimated 5,000 and injured at least 1,500. A quake on Feb. 4 in the same area had killed about 2,300.
2012 - A number of nations including Germany, Turkey and Canada, expel Syrian diplomats following the Houla massacre
2012 - Vishwanathan Anand wins his fifth World Chess Championship
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/may30.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
No comments:
Post a Comment