Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
• Constantine I was proclaimed the Roman Emperor by his troops on this day in 306.
• Constantine refused to carry out traditional pagan sacrifices on this day in 326.
• The Battle of Fontenay was fought in 841 on this day, with Louis and Charles defeating their brother Lutharius I.
• The Edict of Pistres was issued on this day in 864, with Charles the Bald ordering defensive measures against Viking raids. Count Alfonso I was proclaimed King of Portugal on this day in 1139.
• Also on this day in 1215, Frederick II (20) was crowned King of the Romans.
• The city of Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) was recaptured by Nicean forces led by Alexios Strategopoulos for Emperor Michael VIII on this day in 1261, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.
• On this day in 1360, Jews were expelled from Breslau Silesia.
• On this day in 1394, Charles VI of France issued a decree for the general expulsion of Jews from France.
• There was a Portuguese attack on the city of Malakka on this day in 1511.
• Sa Cristobal de la Habana was formed in Cuba on this day in 1519.
• Approximately 300 heretics were burned on this day in 1521 at Vrijdagmarkt in Ghent. Sebastián de Belalcázar founded the city of Santiago de Cali during his search of El Dorado on this day in 1536.
• On this day in 1538, the City of Guayaquil was founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
• Henri II was crowned King of France on this day in 1547.
On this day in 1564, Maximilian II succeeded his father Ferdinand I as the Holy Roman Emperor.
On this day in 1567, Don Diego de Losada founded the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, which is now the modern-day city of Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
The Battle at Arnay-le-Duc Burgundy was fought on this day in 1570, which resulted in a Huguenot victory that forced Charles IX of France to agree to a peace treaty ending the Third War of Religion.
Also on this day in 1585, 45 Roman Catholics were banned from Amsterdam.
On this day in 1587, Japanese strong-man Hideyoshi banned Christianity in Japan and ordered all Christians to leave the country.
• On this day in 1593, the Protestant King of France, Henri IV, converted to Roman Catholicism, famously declaring "Paris vaut bien une messe," which translated to "Paris is well worth a mass."
On this day in 1603, James VI of Scotland was crowned the first king of Great Britain.
Nikita Minin became the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church on this day in 1652.
On this day in 1670, Austrian Emperor Leopold I expelled 4,000 Jews from Vienna.
Also on this day in 1670, Don Juan Domingo Zuniga y Fonseca became the Governor-General of Southern Netherlands.
France declared war on England on this day in 1689.
Ignacio de Maya founded the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México, on this day in 1693.
• The Three Years War began on this day in 1722 along the Maine and Massachusetts border. On this day in 1729, North Carolina became a royal colony.
• On this day in 1758 during the Seven Year's War (also known as the French and Indian War in North America), the island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia was conquered by the British, with all French warships destroyed or taken.
• Also on this same day and during the same war, but in the next year of 1759, the British captured Fort Niagara from the French.
• On this day in 1775, Maryland issued currency depicting George III trampling on the Magna Carta.
• On this day in 1792, Dutch patriot exiles founded "Bataafs Legion."
Le Drapeau Tricolore (Tricour Flag) which was a product of the French Revolution, and which remains the national flag of France to this day.
• It was on this day in 1792, during the days of the French Revolution, that the Brunswick Manifesto was issued to the population of Paris promising strong revenge and threatening the destruction of the city if the French Royal Family are harmed. The threat proved to be counterproductive, however.
• It was on this day in 1795 that the first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct was laid.
• On this day in 1797, Horatio Nelson lost more than 300 men, as well as his right arm, during the ultimately doomed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).
French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
• French-Egyptian forces under Napoleon I defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Abukir on this day in 1799.
• On this day in 1805, Aaron Burr visited New Orleans with plans to establish a new country, with New Orleans as the capital city.
• The Battle of Niagara Falls (Lundy's Lane) was fought on this day in 1814, with Americans ultimately defeating the British.
• Also on this day in 1814, George Stephenson introduced the first steam locomotive.
General Agustin de Iturbide was crowned Agustin I, the first Emperor of Mexico, on this day in 1822.
Costa Rica annexed Guanacaste from Nicaragua on this day in 1824.
The first ever railroad accident took place at Granite Railway in Quincy, Massachusetts on this date in history in 1832, with one person killed.
Ibrahim Pasha's army attacked Jewish settlers of Hebron, Palestine, on this day in 1835.
The first ever commercial use of an electric telegraph was successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone on 25 July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London.
China granted Belgium equal trading rights with Britain, France and the United States on this day in 1845.
The First Battle at Custozza was fought on this day in 1848, as the first battle at Custozza: Austrians under Radetzky defeated the Italians.
On this day in 1850, gold was discovered at the Rogue River in Oregon. Joaquin Murietta, the famous Californio bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", was killed on this day in 1853.
• On this day in 1861 in Washington, DC, the Crittenden Resolution, also known as the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, was passed by Congress, stating that the war (the American Civil War, or War Between the States) was to be fought to preserve the Union and uphold the Constitution, but not necessarily to alter the institution of slavery.
There was a relatively rare Civil War skirmish in the West at Fort Fillmore, in the New Mexico Territory, as Rebel forced attack Union troops there on this day in 1861.
There was another skirmish of the Civil War on this day in 1863 at Barbee's Crossroads, Virginia.
On this day in 1866, David Faragut was appointed as the first Admiral of US Navy.
On that same day, Ulysses S. Grant was named the first General of Army, becoming the first American officer to hold that rank.
On this day in 1868, the United States Congress passed an act creating the Wyoming Territory, which included the Dakotas, Utah, and Idaho.
• On this day in 1897, author Jack London sailed and joined the Klondike Gold Rush, where he would ultimately write some of his most well-known stories.
• The first American troops sent to occupy Puerto Rico arrived on this day in 1898, at Guanice Bay.
• On this day in 1903, the castle on top of Telegraph Hill in St. John's, Newfoundland, closed.
• On this day in 1903, Korea became a Protectorate of Japan.
On this day in 1908, Ajinomoto was founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovered that a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock was monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.
On this day in 1909, France's Louis Bleriot, made the first airplane flight across the English Channel in a monoplane, traveling from Calais to Dover in 37 minutes.
• The Comoros was proclaimed a French colony on this day in 1912.
• On this day in 1914 in Germany, the Social-Democratic Party declared "No German Blood for Austrian Tyrant" as a response to Germany's official stance supporting Austria-Hungary.
• Also on this day in 1914, Russia declared that it would act to protect Serbian sovereignty, as the winds of the coming "Great War" really started picking up.
• There was an explosion at Lake Erie & Cleveland Waterworks on this day in 1916.
On this day in history in 1917, Sir Thomas Whyte introduced the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (the lowest bracket was 4% and highest was 25%).
• On this day in 1918, Annette Adams was sworn in as the first woman District Attorny in the United States, in California.
• There was a race riot on this day in 1918 in Chester, Pennsylvania, where three blacks and two whites were killed.
• On this day in 1923, the German mark devalued to 600,000 marks to one American dollar. Greece announced the deportation of 50,000 Armenians on this day in 1924.
• There was a failed Nazi coup in Austria on this day in 1934.
On this day in 1938, Jewish artisans were outlawed in Germany.
On that same day in 1938, there was a Revolutionary offensive at Ebro, Spain (Hollander Piet). The last Dutch government of Colijn formed on this day in 1939.
• FDR banned the selling of benzine/gasoline to Japan on this day in 1941.
Also on this day in 1941, the United States froze all Japanese and Chinese assets.
• German troops occupied Rostov on this day in 1942.
Also on this day in 1942, German troops struck at Tsym Lyanskaja.
• On this day in 1943, the first ever warship named after a Black person, the SS Leonard Roy Harmon, was launched.
• Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini was captured on this day in 1943, and dismissed as leader of Italy during World War II.
This was a very busy day for World War II in 1944. There was a Japanse Banzai attack on Guam, on the same day when American troops marched into Guam. The first jet fighter was used in combat (the German Messerschmitt 262). There was an Allied jailbreak at St-Lo, behind German lines. The USAF killed 136 and wounded 621 GI's at St-Lo. Finally on this day in 1944 came Operation Spring, which proved to be one of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the entire war, with 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
On this day in 1947, the Air Force, Navy, and War Department formed the United States Department o Defense, and the United States Department of the Army was also created.
• On this day in 1952, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth of the United States (on Constitution Day).
• On this day in 1956, the Italian liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Swedish ship Stockholm off the coast of New England, with 51 people killed.
Also on this day in 1956, Jordan attacked a United Nation Palestinian force.
Tunisia abolished the monarchy in favor of a republic on this day in 1957.
On this day in 1958, the African Regroupment Party (PRA) held its first Congress in Cotonou.
• During a speech on this day in 1961, President John F. Kennedy stressed that any attack on Berlin would be considered an attack on NATO.
• On this day in 1962, the House of Representatives passed a bill requiring equal pay for equal work regardless of sex.
• On this day in 1963, the Belgian Senate accepted a law on language regulations.
• Also on this day in 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain signed a nuclear test ban treaty.
• The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night" album reaches # 1 and stays there for 14 straight weeks.
There was a race riot in Rochester, New York, that continued on this day in 1964.
On this day in 1965, modern folk-rock began when Bob Dylan used the electric guitar at the Newport Folk Festival.
Brian Jones gave his final performance as a member of the Rolling Stones on this day in 1966.
Also on this day in 1966, Eric Clapton recorded guitar tracks for George Harrison on the Beatles track "While My Guitar Gently Weeps." Mao Tse Tung swam in the Yangtse River on this day in 1966. The Supremes released "You Can't Hurry Love" on this day in 1966. Pope Paul VI Encyclical against regulations on birth (birth control).
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young gave their first live performance at the Fillmore East, New York, on this day in 1969. On that same day, 70,000 people attended the Seattle Pop Festival.
On that same day in 1969, Edward Kennedy plead guilty to leaving scene of an accident a week after the Chappaquiddick car accident, which ultimately killed Mary Jo Kopechne. On this day in 1972, health officials in the United States admitted that blacks had been used as guinea pigs for a 40-year syphilis experiment.
On this day in 1973, George Harrison paid £1,000,000 tax on his Bangladesh concert & album. On that same day in 1973, the USSR launched Mars 5.
Bob Dylan was booed off at the Newport Folk Festival for using the electric guitar on this day in 1978.
• On this day in 1978 were the Cerro Maravilla murders in Puerto Rico.
• Also on this day in 1978, the world's first test-tube baby, Louise Joy Brown, was conceived in oldham, Lancashire, England, through in-vitro fertilization.
• The Voyager 2 reached Saturn on this day in 1981.
The first non-human primate (a baboon) was conceived in a lab dish in San Antonio, Texas, on this day in 1983.
• Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to walk in space on this day in 1984.
• She was aboard Salyut 7, which was orbiting the Earth.
• On this day in 1985, a spokewoman for Rock Hudson confirmed that he had contracted AIDS.
• Also on this day in 1985, Uganda suspended it's Constitution following an attempted coup.
• Sikh extremists killed 16 Hindus in Muhktsar India, on this day in 1986.
• On this day in 1987, the USSR launched Kosmos 1870, a 15-ton satellite designed to study the Earth.
• On this day in 1990, the American Ambassador told Iraq that the United States would not take sides in the Iraq-Kuwait dispute.
• The Summer Olympic Games at Barcelona opened on this day in 1992.
• On that same day in 1992, the US Army refused to overturn a 127 year-old conviction against Dr Mudd.
• There was an Israeli offensive against terrorist bases in South Lebanon on this day in 1993.
• On that same day in 1993 was the St James Church Massacre, which occurred in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.
• On this day in Washington in 1994, Jordan and Israel officially ended a state of war between the two countries which had lasted 46 years.
• There was a terrorist attack in Paris on this day in 1995, as a gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight people were killed and 80 wounded.
• On this day in 1997, K.R. Narayanan was sworn-in as India's 10th president and the first Dalit— formerly called "untouchable"— to hold this office.
• Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde supersonic passenger jet, F-BTSC, crashed on this day in 2000 shortly after takeoff from Paris. All 109 on board were killed, as were four on the ground.
• On this day in 2007, Pratibha Patil was sworn in as India's first woman president.
• On this day in 2010, WikiLeaks leaked to the public more than 90,000 internal reports involving the U.S.-led War in Afghanistan from 2004-2010.
• On this day in 2012, the Summer Olympics began in London, United Kingdom.
On that same day in 2012, Ivica Dačić was sworn in as Prime Minister of Serbia, and Italy's credit rating was downgraded to CCC+ by Egan-Jones.
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