http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fdr-signs-gi-bill
June 22, 1944: FDR signs G.I. Bill
On this day in 1944, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the G.I. Bill, an unprecedented act of legislation designed to compensate returning members of the armed services--known as G.I.s--for their efforts in World War II.
As the last of its sweeping New Deal reforms, Roosevelt's administration created the G.I. Bill--officially the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944--hoping to avoid a relapse into the Great Depression after the war ended. FDR particularly wanted to prevent a repeat of the Bonus March of 1932, when 20,000 unemployed veterans and their families flocked in protest to Washington. The American Legion, a veteran's organization, successfully fought for many of the provisions included in the bill, which gave returning servicemen access to unemployment compensation, low-interest home and business loans, and--most importantly--funding for education.
By giving veterans money for tuition, living expenses, books, supplies and equipment, the G.I. Bill effectively transformed higher education in America. Before the war, college had been an option for only 10-15 percent of young Americans, and university campuses had become known as a haven for the most privileged classes. By 1947, in contrast, vets made up half of the nation's college enrollment; three years later, nearly 500,000 Americans graduated from college, compared with 160,000 in 1939.
As educational institutions opened their doors to this diverse new group of students, overcrowded classrooms and residences prompted widespread improvement and expansion of university facilities and teaching staffs. An array of new vocational courses were developed across the country, including advanced training in education, agriculture, commerce, mining and fishing--skills that had previously been taught only informally.
The G.I. Bill became one of the major forces that drove an economic expansion in America that lasted 30 years after World War II. Only 20 percent of the money set aside for unemployment compensation under the bill was given out, as most veterans found jobs or pursued higher education. Low interest home loans enabled millions of American families to move out of urban centers and buy or build homes outside the city, changing the face of the suburbs. Over 50 years, the impact of the G.I. Bill was enormous, with 20 million veterans and dependents using the education benefits and 14 million home loans guaranteed, for a total federal investment of $67 billion. Among the millions of Americans who have taken advantage of the bill are former Presidents George H.W. Bush and Gerald Ford, former Vice President Al Gore and entertainers Johnny Cash, Ed McMahon, Paul Newman and Clint Eastwood.
Among the important events that transpired on this date in history, there is the return of Bilbo Baggins to his home at Bag End. Not sure why this is there or if it is a joke (I'm guessing it is).
Among some of the other notable events on this date, England abolished slavery. Henry Hudson and his ship disappeared and were never seen or heard from again. Galileo was forced to take back the notion that the Earth revolved around the sun (although the Vatican did acknowledge and apologize for this mistake in 1992). The English Parliament passed the Quebec Act. The Continental Congress issued currency. Napoleon invaded Russia on this day in 1812. Interestingly, this was also the date that Hitler chose to invade the same place, on a massive front. A year before Operation Barbarrosa, France fell to the Germans, and I remember William Shirer (at least I believe it was him) suggesting that Napoleon had surely turned in his grave. Later on during the war, President Franklin Roosevelt established the GI Bill, and later still, the Battle of Okinawa ended on this date.
Lawn tennis was founded on this day late in the nineteenth century, an interesting fact that is particularly relevant since Wimbledon, the most famous and prestigious of tennis tournaments, is about to kick off. The Beatles recorded a live performance in Hamburg, Germany, and more than a decade later, George Harrison released "Living in the Material World" during his solo career, not long after the breakup of the Beatles. Richard Nixon signed the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18. Neo-Nazis called off their planned march in Skokie, Illinois, which became a famous Supreme Court case. Pluto's moon, Charon, was discovered (it was later discovered that Charon was actually almost as big as Pluto, a fact that would relegate Pluto from the ranks of being the ninth planet). The Soviet Union announced it would withdraw from Afghanistan. A truce ending the civil war of fourteen years in Angola was agreed to on this date. An underground volcano erupted in the Philippines, and the Supreme Court ruled that "hate crimes" violated first amendment guarantees of free speech.
The NBA Finals just ended a couple of nights ago, but in 1994, a series I remember and enjoyed very much ended with the Houston Rockets outlasting the New York Knicks in the pivotal Game 7, thus securing the city of Houston's first ever major sports championship.
Here are more detailed accounts of events that transpired on this day in history:
217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
168 BC - Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War.
431 - Council of Ephesus (3rd ecumenical council) opens
816 - Pope Stephen IV, [V] elected to succeed Leo III
1342 - Bilbo Baggins returns to his home at Bag End, (Shire Reconning)
1377 - Richard II succeeds Edward III as king of England
1476 - Battle at Morat/Murten: Charles the Stout invades Switzerland
1497 - Antitax insurrection in Cornwall suppressed at Blackheath
1533 - Ferdinand of Austria and Sultan Suleiman sign peace treaty
1558 - The French took the French town of Thioville from the English.
1772 - Slavery was outlawed in England.
1559 - Jewish quarter of Prague burned and looted
1593 - Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Turks.
1596 - Cornelis de Houtmans fleet reaches Banten Java
1611 - English explorer Henry Hudson, his son and several other people were set adrift on his ship Discovery in present-day Hudson Bay by mutineers. They were never seen from again.
1633 - Galileo Galilei forced to recant Earth orbits Sun by Pope (on Oct 31, 1992, Vatican admits it was wrong)
1675 - Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II
1679 - Battle at Bothwell Bridge on Clyde: Duke of Monmouth beats Scottish
1740 - King Frederik II of Prussia ends torture & guarantees religion & freedom of the press
1745 - Bonnie Prince Charles sails to Scotland
1772 - Slavery outlawed in England
1774 - English parliament accepts Quebec Act
1775 - First Continental currency issued ($3,000,000)
1799 - England andRussia decide to invade Bataafse Republic
1807 - British seamen board the USS Chesapeake, a provocation leading to the War of 1812.
1808 - Zebulon Pike reaches his peak
1812 - Napoleon's Grand Army invades Russia
1814 - First match at the present Lord's, MCC v Herefordshire
1815 - Second abdication of Napoleon (after Waterloo)
1825 - British Parliament abolishes feudalism and the seigneurial system in British North America.
1832 - John I. Howe patented the pin machine.
1844 - Influential North American fraternity Delta Kappa Epsilon is founded at Yale University.
1847 - Doughnut created
1848 - Barnburners (anti-slavery) party nominated Martin Van Buren for President.
1848 - Beginning of the June Days Uprising in Paris.
1849 - Stephen C Massett opens concert at San Francisco courthouse using only piano in Calif
1851 - Fire destroys part of SF
1864 - Battle of Ream's Station, VA (Wilson's Raid)
1864 - Skirmish at Culp's (Kulp's) House, Georgia
1865 - First class cricket debut of Dr W G Grace
1868 - Arkansas was re-admitted to the Union.
1870 - The U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.
1873 - Prince Edward Island joins Canada
1874 - Dr. Andrew Taylor Still began the first known practice of osteopathy.
1874 - Game of lawn tennis introduced
1875 - Garonne Flood: great damage in Verdun & Toulouse, kills about 1,000
1889 - Louisville Colonels set ML baseball record with 26th consecutive loss
1893 - British fleet under vice-admiral George Tryon leaves Beirut
1906 - Hakon VII crowned king of Norway
1909 - The first transcontinental auto race ended in Seattle, WA.
1910 - First airship with passengers sets afloat-Zeppelin Deutscheland
1911 - King George V of England was crowned
1915 - Austro-German forces occupied Lemberg on the Eastern Front as the Russians retreat.
1915 - BMT, then Brooklyn Rapid Transit, begins subway service
1918 - 32nd US Womens Tennis: Molla Bjurstedt Mallory beats E E Goss (64 63)
1918 - Circus train rammed by troop train kills 68 (Ivanhoe Illinois)
1921 - Paavo Nurmi runs world record 10,000m (30:40.2)
1922 - Herrin massacre, 19 strikebreakers and 2 union miners are killed in Herrin, Illinois.
1925 - France and Spain agreed to join forces against Abd el Krim in Morocco.
1926 - Cardinals pick up 39-year-old Grover Alexander on waivers from Cubs
1929 - Mel Ott (Giants) homers off Leo Sweetland (Phillies) in doubleheader
1930 - Lou Gehrig hits 3 HRs in a game, Ruth hits 3 in doubleheader
1931 - RVU, Radio-Volks-University, forms
1932 - NL, finally approves players wearing numbers
1933 - German social-democratic party (SPD) forbidden. Germany became a one political party country when Hitler banned parties other than the Nazis.
1936 - Harry Froboess dives 110 m from airship into Bodensee & survives
1936 - Virgin Islands receives a constitution from US (Organic Act)
1937 - Joe Louis KOs James J Braddock in 18 for heavyweight boxing title
1938 - Joe Louis KOs Max Schmeling at 2:04 of 1st round at Yankee Stadium
1939 - Future Queen Elizabeth of England meets future husband Philip
1939 - The first U.S. water-ski tournament was held at Jones Beach, on Long Island, New York.
1940 - France falls to Nazi Germany; France and Germany signed an armistice at Compiegne, on terms dictated by the Nazis. France disarms
1940 - SS rounds up 31 German/Polish/Dutch Jews in Roermond Neth
1941 - Estonians started armed resistance against Soviet occupation
1941 - Finland invades Karelia
1941 - Under the codename Barbarossa, Germany invaded the Soviet Union.; occupied the Baltic states
1941 - Germany, Italy and Romania declare war on the Soviet Union during WW II
1941 - Michael Gerasimov opens grave of Tamerlan "Lenk"
1941 - President Franklin Roosevelt signs "GI Bill of Rights"
1941 - The Lithuanian 1941 independence begins.
1941 - Various Communist and Socialist French Resistance movements merge to one group.
1942 - A Japanese submarine shelled Fort Stevens at the mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon.
1942 - In France, Pierre Laval declared "I wish for a German victory".
1942 - V-Mail, or Victory-Mail, was sent for the first time.
1942 - Jewish Brigade attached by British Army in WW II, forms
1943 - WEB DuBois became the first Black member of National Institute of Letters
1944 - British 14th army frees Imphal Assam
1944 - FDR signs "GI Bill of Rights" (Servicemen's Readjustment Act) to provide broad benefits for veterans of the war.
1944 - Longest shut out in Phillies history, Phils beat Braves 1-0 in 15 inn
1944 - Boston Brave Jim Tobin 2nd no-hitter of yr beats Phils, 7-0 in 5 inn
1944 - Opening day of the Soviet Union's Operation Bagration against Army Group Centre.
1945 - During World War II, the battle for Okinawa officially ended after 81 days.
1946 - Jet airplanes were used to transport mail for the first time.
1946 - Alec Bedser takes 7-49 v India on 1st day of his 1st Test cricket
1946 - Bill Veeck purchases Cleveland Indians
1947 - 12" rain in 42 mins (Holt, MO)
1947 - Ewell Blackwell just misses pitching back-to-back no-hitters (9th inn)
1949 - Ezzard Charles beats Jersey Joe Walcott in 15 for hw boxing title
1951 - Gene Rayburn & Dee Finch show premieres on NBC radio
1954 - Congress passes revised organic act for Virgin Islands
1955 - Antonio Segni forms government in Italy
1955 - US air patrol plane shot down above Bering sea
1956 - The battle for Algiers began as three buildings in Casbah were blown up.
1957 - KC stops using streetcars in it's transit system
1958 - Game in KC between A's & Red Sox delayed 29 minutes due to tornado
1958 - Patty Berg wins LPGA Western Golf Open
1959 - "Along Came Jones" by Coasters peaks at #9
1959 - "Class" by Chubby Checker peaks at #38
1959 - Eddie Lubanski bowls 2 consecutive perfect games (24 consecutive strikes) in a bowling tournament in Miami, FL.
1959 - Most Phillies strike out in a game (16 by Sandy Koufax)
1959 - Shunryu Suzuki completes his historical Japan to SF voyage
1959 - Vanguard SLV-6 launched for Earth orbit (failed)
1961 - Moise Tsjombe freed from prison in Congo
1961 - Beatles recorded Aint She Sweet, Cry for a Shadow, When the Saints Go Marching In, Why, Nobody's Child and My Bonnie, in Hamburg
1962 - First test flight of Hoovercraft
1962 - French Boeing 707 crashes at Guadeloupe, 113 killed
1963 - "Little" Stevie Wonder (13) releases "Fingertips"
1964 - The U.S. Supreme Court voted that Henry Miller’s book, "Tropic of Cancer", could not be banned.
1965 - Freddie Trueman ends his Test cricket career, v NZ at Lord's
1966 - "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" opens
1968 - "Here Come Da Judge" by The Buena Vistas peaks at #88
1969 - Aretha Franklin arrested in Detroit for creating a disturbance
1969 - Cleveland's Cuyahgo River catches fire
1969 - Singer-actress Judy Garland died.
1969 - Susie Berning wins LPGA Pabst Ladies' Golf Classic
1970 - Supreme Court ruled juries of less than 12 are constitutional
1970 - U.S. President Richard Nixon signed 26th amendment, lowering the voting age to 18.
1970 - WSWO TV channel 26 in Springfield, OH (ABC) suspends broadcasting
1972 - "Man of La Mancha" opens at Beaumont Theater NYC for 140 performances
1973 - Dutch High Council stops fluorine addition to drink water
1973 - George Harrison releases "Living in the Material World"
1973 - Skylab 2's astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific after a record 28 days in space.
1975 - Betsy Cullen wins LPGA Hoosier Golf Classic
1976 - "Godspell" opens at Broadhurst Theater NYC for 527 performances
1976 - SD Padre pitcher Randy Jones ties record of 68 innings without a walk
1977 - Former AG John Mitchell starts 19 months in Alabama prison
1977 - Walt Disney's "Rescuers" released
1978 - James Christy's discovery of Pluto's moon Charon announced
1978 - Neo-Nazis call off plans to march in Jewish community of Skokie, Ill
1978 - Pluto's satelite Charon, is discovered
1978 - James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington discovered the only known moon of Pluto. The moon is named Charon.
1979 - Larry Holmes TKOs Mike Weaver in 12 for heavyweight boxing title
1979 - Little Richard quits rock & roll for religious pursuit
1979 - Pro Football Researchers Association forms (Canton Ohio)
1980 - The Soviet Union announced a partial withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.
1980 - Jim King begins riding Miracle Strip Roller coaster 368 hours
1980 - Joanne Carner wins LPGA Lady Keystone Golf Open
1981 - 2 Habash terrorists attack a travel agency in Greece killing 2
1981 - Iran president Bani Sadr deposed
1981 - John McEnroe exhibits a disgraceful act of misbehavior at Wimbledon
1981 - Mark David Chapman pleads guilty to killing John Lennon
1982 - Manhattan institutes bus-only lanes
1982 - Pete Rose gets his 3,772nd hit, moves past Aaron into 2nd place
1982 - Prince Charles & Lady Diana take Prince William home from hospital
1982 - Susan Lea Hammett, of Miss, 18, crowned 25th America's Junior Miss
1983 - "Monty Python's The Meaning of Life," released in France
1983 - 1st time a satellite is retrieved from orbit, by Space Shuttle
1983 - NHL institutes a 5 minute sudden death overtime period
1984 - Calvin Griffith signs letter of intent to sell ownership of Twins
1984 - Carl Pohlad becomes CEO of Minnesota Twins
1984 - Jolande van de Meer swims Dutch record 800 m freestyle (8:39.30)
1984 - Joseph Luns resigns as secretary-general of NATO
1985 - "Grind" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC after 79 performances
1985 - "Smuggler's Blues" by Glenn Frey peaks at #12
1986 - Judy Dickinson wins LPGA Rochester Golf International
1986 - Pirate Radio Euro Weekend (Holland) begins transmitting
1986 - Spain's premier Gonzalez' Socialist Party wins elections
1987 - Tom Seaver retires after 3rd try with NY Mets
1987 - Actor-dancer-singer Fred Astaire died.
1989 - The government of Angola and the anti-Communist rebels of the UNITA movement agreed to a formal truce in their 14-year-old civil war.
1990 - Billy Joel performs a concert at Yankee Stadium
1990 - Braves replace manager Russ Nixon with GM Bobby Cox
1990 - Florida passes a law prohibits wearing a throng bathing suit
1990 - Longest game in Toronto, Yanks beat Blue Jays 8-7 in 15 inns
1991 - "I Hate Hamlet" closes at Walter Kerr Theater NYC after 88 perfs
1991 - Quebec Nordiques pick Eric Lindros #1 at NHL entry draft
1991 - Underwater volcano, Mount Didicas, erupts in Philippines
1992 - 2 skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg IDed as Czar Nicholas II & wife
1992 - The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that hate-crime laws that ban cross-burning and similar expressions of racial bias violated free-speech rights.
1992 - Supreme Court rules "hate crime" laws violated free-speech rights
1993 - NY Met Anthony Young ties record of 23rd straight lose
1993 - Wilson Pickett plead guilty to auto assault due to drunk driving
1994 - 48th NBA Championship: Houston Rockets beat NY Knicks, 4 games to 3
1994 - Ken Griffey Jr breaks Ruth's record for most HRs by end of June (31)
1994 - Mets reliever John Franco sets lefty save mark at 253
1994 - US beats Colombia 2-1 in 1994 soccer world cup (1st win since 1950)
1996 - 29th Curtis Cup: Great Britain & Ireland wins 11-6
1996 - Michael Moorer beats Axel Shultz in 11 for IBF heavyweight boxing title
1996 - Saurav Ganguly scores 131 at Lord's on Test cricket debut
1997 - Ernie Els wins golf's Buick Classic
1997 - Nationwide Senior Golf Championship
1997 - Penny Hammel wins LPGA Rochester International
1997 - World Bowl: Barcelona Dragon beat Rhein Fire, 38-24
1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that evidence illegally obtained by authorities could be used at revocation hearings for a convicted criminal's parole.
1998 - The 75th National Marbles Tournament began in Wildwood, NJ.
1999 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that persons with remediable handicaps cannot claim discrimination in employment under the Americans with Disability Act.
2002 - An earthquake in western Iran measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale kills more than 261 people.
2009 - 2009 Washington Metro subway crash: Two Metro trains collide in Washington, D.C., USA, killing 9 and injuring over 80.
2011 - Legendary Boston crime boss,James "Whitey" Bulger is found and arrested by federal authorities in Santa Monica, Calif.
2012 - Two Baghdad market bombings kill 14 people and injure 106
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jun22.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
No comments:
Post a Comment