http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Nov 15, 1889: Brazil's last emperor deposed
After a 49-year reign, Pedro II, the second and last emperor of Brazil, is deposed in a military coup.
The Brazilian monarchy was established in 1822, when Portugal's crown prince, Dom Pedro, defied his Parliament and proclaimed an independent Brazil under his rule. The Brazilian empire got off to a rough start, however, and in 1831 Emperor Pedro I abdicated in favor of his five-year-old son and returned to Portugal.
Pedro II was crowned emperor in 1841 and proved to be a much more capable leader than his father. During his five-decade reign, Brazil enjoyed unprecedented stability, as its troubled economy stabilized and began to grow. However, he later alienated certain sectors in society, such as the military and the growing urban middle class. After being deposed in 1889, Pedro II went to Europe, where he died in exile two years later.
Nov 15, 1917: Georges Clemenceau named French prime minister
On November 15, 1917, with his country embroiled in a bitter international conflict that would eventually take the lives of over 1 million of its young men, 76-year-old Georges Clemenceau is named prime minister of France for the second time.
The young Clemenceau was first elected to parliament in 1876, five years after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. From that time on, he considered the newly united Germany a menace and another war as inevitable, given that "Germany believes that the logic of her victory means domination." With a strong rate of industrial growth and a steadily increasing population, Germany pressed its advantage in the ensuing decades, while France's economy remained static and its birth rate remained in decline. Clemenceau, who served as prime minister from 1906 to 1909, remained vehemently anti-German, arguing for greater military preparedness and tighter alliances with Britain and Russia.
Clemenceau's predictions were confirmed in the summer of 1914 with the outbreak of World War I. Three prime ministers--Rene Viviani, Aristide Briand and Paul Painleve--served during the first three years of the war, as the continuing carnage on the battlefield combined with internal turmoil to bring the country's morale to an all-time low. In November 1917, President Raymond Poincare put aside his personal dislike for "The Tiger"--as Clemenceau was known--and asked him to return as prime minister. Despite a long history of animosity between the two men, Poincare recognized that Clemenceau shared his desire to defeat Germany at all costs, and had the will to carry that desire to its end in spite of defeatist factions within the French government who called for an immediate end to the war.
Immediately after taking office, Clemenceau had his most vocal pacifist opponent, Joseph Caillaux, arrested and charged with treason; he subsequently vowed no surrender, telling the chamber of deputies that France's only duty now was "to cleave to the soldier, to live, to suffer, to fight with him." Over the next year, Clemenceau would hold his country together through the darkest days of the war and finally into the light: In November 1918, when he heard the Germans had agreed to an armistice, the old Tiger broke down in tears.
At the peace conference in Paris in 1919, Clemenceau stood alongside U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain as the three central negotiators. Clemenceau personally disliked both men, once famously remarking that he sometimes felt himself "between Jesus Christ on the one hand, and Napoleon Bonaparte on the other." He especially clashed with Wilson, whom he viewed as far too idealistic in his view of the post-war world. Though Clemenceau successfully insisted that the Versailles Treaty require German disarmament and stiff reparations, as well as the return to France of the territories of Alsace-Lorraine, lost in the Franco-Prussian War, he remained dissatisfied with the treaty in its final form, believing it treated Germany too leniently. Many in the French electorate agreed, and in January 1920 they rejected their old hero as prime minister. In his subsequent retirement, Clemenceau published his memoirs, The Grandeur and Misery of Victory, in which he predicted another war with Germany would break out by 1940. He died on November 24, 1929, in Paris.
Nov 15, 1777: Articles of Confederation adopted
After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress, sitting in its temporary capital of York, Pennsylvania, agrees to adopt the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union on this day in 1777. Not until March 1, 1781, would the last of the 13 states, Maryland, ratify the agreement.
In 1777, Patriot leaders, stinging from British oppression, were reluctant to establish any form of government that might infringe on the right of individual states to govern their own affairs. The Articles of Confederation, then, provided for only a loose federation of American states. Congress was a single house, with each state having one vote, and a president elected to chair the assembly. Although Congress did not have the right to levy taxes, it did have authority over foreign affairs and could regulate a national army and declare war and peace. Amendments to the Articles required approval from all 13 states. On March 2, 1781, following final ratification by the 13th state, the Articles of Confederation became the law of the land.
Less than five years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over 20 years. The difference between a collection of sovereign states forming a confederation and a federal government created by a sovereign people lay at the heart of debate as the new American people decided what form their new government would take.
In 1787, an extra-legal body met in seclusion during Philadelphia's summer heat to create this new government. On March 4, 1789, the modern United States was established when the U.S. Constitution formally replaced the Articles of Confederation.
Between 1776 and 1789, Americans went from living under a sovereign king, to living in sovereign states, to becoming a sovereign people. That transformation defined the American Revolution.
Nov 15, 1859: Final installment of A Tale of Two Cities is published
On this day in 1859, Charles Dickens' serialized novel, A Tale of Two Cities, comes to a close, as the final chapter is published in Dickens' circular, All the Year Round.
Dickens was born in 1812 and attended school in Portsmouth. His father, a clerk in the navy pay office, was thrown in debtors' prison in 1824, and 12-year-old Charles was sent to work in a factory. The miserable treatment of children and the institution of the debtors' jail became topics of several of Dickens' novels.
In his late teens, Dickens became a reporter and started publishing humorous short stories when he was 21. In 1836, a collection of his stories, Sketches by Boz, was published. The same year, he married Catherine Hogarth, with whom he would have nine children.
The success of Dicken's first work of fiction, Sketches by Boz, later known as The Pickwick Papers was soon reproduced with Oliver Twist (1838) and Nicholas Nickleby (1839). In 1841, Dickens published two more novels, then spent five months in the United States, where he was welcomed as a literary hero. Dickens never lost momentum as a writer, churning out major novels every year or two, often in serial form. Among his most important works are David Copperfield(1850), Great Expectations (1861), and A Tale of Two Cities (1859).
Beginning in 1850, he published his own weekly circular of fiction, poetry, and essays called Household Words. He folded the circular in 1859 and launched another, All the Year Round, which included the first chapter of A Tale of Two Cities. In 1858, Dickens separated from his wife and began a long association with a young actress. He gave frequent readings, which became immensely popular. He died in 1870 at the age of 58, with his last novel, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, still unfinished.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by
Oswiu of Northumbria.
1315 - Battle of Morgarten: Swiss beat duke Leopold I of
Austria
1348 - Rudolph of Oron claims Jews have confessed to
poisoning wells
1491 - Anne of Brittany becomes devoted to end "la
guerre folle"
1492 - Christopher Columbus notes 1st recorded reference to
tobacco
1492 - In La Guardia, Spain, 6 Jews & 5 Conversos are
accused of ritual murder
1515 - Thomas Cardinal Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal
1527 - Treaty of Beautiful garden (emperor-ecclesiastical
goods)
1532 - Pope Clemens VII tells Henry VIII to end relationship
with Anna Boleyn
1533 - Francisco Pizarro arrives at Cuzco
1577 - Sir Francis Drake aboard Pelican travels from Chile
to Washington
1583 - Gelders Earl Willem of the Bergh flees
1660 - 1st kosher butcher (Asser Levy) licensed in NYC (New
Amsterdam)
1679 - English house of Commons accept Exclusion Bill
1688 - Prince Willem III's army lands at Torbay, England;
the 'Glorious Revolution' commences
1715 - Barrier Treaty, Austria cedes area to Netherlands
1727 - NY General assembly permits Jews to omit phrase
"upon the faith of a Christian" from abjuration oath
1763 - Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon begin surveying
Mason-Dixon Line between Pennsylvania & Maryland
1777 - Articles of Confederation adopted by Continental
Congress
Spanish Conquistador Francisco PizarroSpanish Conquistador
Francisco Pizarro 1791 - 1st Catholic college in US, Georgetown, opens
1806 - 1st US college magazine, Yale Literary Government,
publishes 1st issue
1806 - Explorer Zebulon Pike sights Pikes Peak (Colorado)
1813 - Allied troops occupies Groningen
1813 - Tax revolt in Amsterdam
1824 - Series of fires kills 10 in Edinburgh, Scotland
1826 - Dutch Business Me gets monopoly on opium trade in
Java/Madura
1827 - Creek-indians lose all their property in US
1832 - Felix Mendelssohn's "Reformation,"
premieres
1835 - Charles Darwin reaches Tahiti on board HMS Beagle
1837 - Isaac Pitman introduces his shorthand system
1845 - Opera "Maritana" is produced (London)
1849 - 1st US poultry show opens in Boston
1854 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean
Sea with the Red Sea, is given the necessary royal concession.
1864 - 1st US mines school opens in basement of Columbia
University, NY
Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1864 -
Union Major General Sherman leaves Atlanta on the "March to the Sea"
1869 - Free postal delivery formally inaugurated
1870 - Bathe becomes member of Noordduitse Union
1881 - American Federation of Labor (AFL) founded
(Pittsburgh)
1882 - British HMS Flirt destroys village of Asaba Niger
1884 - Colonization of Africa orgainized at Intl conference
in Berlin
1887 - British SS Wah Yeung catches fire on Canton River off
Hong Kong
1889 - Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, deposed; republic
proclaimed
1899 - Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill captured by
Boers in Natal
1901 - James J Jeffries TKOs Gus Ruhlin in 6 for heavyweight
boxing title in San Francisco
1902 - Leopold II, King of Belgium almost assassinated by
Italian anarchist
1903 - Eugen d'Alberts opera "Tiefland" premieres
in Prague
1904 - King C Gillette patents Gillette razor blade
1911 - Proclamation sets designs for Canadian $5 & $10
gold coins
1914 - Ital socialist Benito Mussolini founds newspaper Il
populo d'italia
Soldier, author, journalist, politician Winston
ChurchillSoldier, author, journalist, politician Winston Churchill 1919 -
Senate 1st invokes cloture to end a filibuster (Versailles Treaty)
1920 - Ernst Toller's "Massen und Menschen"
premieres in Neurenberg
1920 - Free City of Danzig forms under League of Nations
protection
1920 - League of Nations holds 1st meeting, in Geneva
1921 - KYW-AM in Philadelphia PA begins radio transmissions
1922 - British Conservative Party wins election; /Labour
Party comes second
1924 - Dutch Christian Radio Society (NCRV) forms
1926 - 1st formal radio network, RCA takes over AT&T 25
station Network (NBC)
1926 - AT&T sells WEAF radio to RCA (NYC)
1932 - Walt Disney Art School created
1934 - Nobel for chemistry awarded to Harold C Urey
(deuterium)
1935 - Commonwealth of Philippines inaugurated
1936 - Nazi-Germany & Japan sign Anti-Komintern pact
1937 - 1st congressional session in air-conditioned chambers
1938 - 1st telecast of an unscheduled event (fire), W2XBT,
NY
1938 - Farewell Parade of International Brigades in
Barcelona
1939 - Anti-German demonstrations in Czechoslovakia
32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt32nd US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1939 - FDR lays cornerstone of Jefferson Memorial in Wash
DC
1939 - Nazis begin mass murder of Warsaw Jews
1939 - Social Security Administration approves 1st
unemployment check
1940 - 1st 75,000 men called to armed forces duty during
peacetime
1940 - 1st black to sign hockey contract-Arthur Dorrington
& AC Seagulls
1940 - NY Midtown tunnel linking Manhattan and Queens opens
to traffic
1941 - Cow Palace opens in San Francisco
1941 - Yugoslav government in exile names Draza Mihailovic
premier
1942 - World War II: First flight of the Heinkel He 219.
1944 - Surprise attack on office of Nethche Bank
1945 - The rules are revised for election of modern players
to the Hall of Fame
1946 - House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
interrogates astronomer Harlow Shapley
1946 - Ted Williams is picked as AL MVP
1947 - Bradman scores his 100th 100, 172 v Indians at the
SCG
1947 - Soccer team GVVV forms in Veenendaal
Baseball Player Ted WilliamsBaseball Player Ted Williams
1948 - William Lyon Mackenzie King retires as PM of Canada
1949 - KRON TV channel 4 in San Francisco, CA (NBC) begins
broadcasting
1949 - WSAZ TV channel 3 in Huntington-Charleston, NV (NBC)
1st broadcast
1950 - Arthur Dorrington, 1st black man in organized hockey
is signed (Atl City Seagulls of Eastern Amateur Hockey League)
1951 - Cricket 1st-class debut of Hanif Mohammad, Pak XI v
MCC, Lahore
1951 - NY Yankee Gil McDougald wins AL Rookie of Year
1953 - WIBW TV channel 13 in Topeka, KS (CBS/ABC) begins
broadcasting
1953 - WRBL TV channel 3 in Columbus, GA (CBS) begins
broadcasting
1954 - 1st regularly scheduled commercial flights over North
Pole begins
1955 - Poland & Yugoslavia sign trade agreement
1956 - "Li'l Abner" opens at St James Theater NYC
for 693 performances
1956 - Elvis Presley's 1st film "Love Me Tender"
premieres in NYC
1957 - US sentences Soviet spy Rudolf Ivanovich Abel to 30
years & $3,000
1959 - Robert White & Perry Smith murder four members of
the Herbert Clutter Family at their farm outside Holcomb, Kansas.
1959 - Cleveland Browns' halfback Bobby Mitchell sets club
record for longest run from scrimmage (90-yards), beat Wash 31-17
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger &
Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1960 - Elgin Baylor of NBA LA Lakers scores 71
points vs NY Knicks
1960 - USS G Washington, 1st sub with nuclear ballistic
missiles, launched
1961 - Comet C/1961 T1 (Seki) approaches within 0.1019 AUs
of Earth
1961 - Roger Maris is voted AL MVP
1961 - UN bans nuclear arms
1962 - Don Drysdale wins Cy Young Award
1964 - Ajax soccer star Johan Cruijff debuts against GVAV
1964 - KBYU TV channel 11 in Provo, UT (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1964 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA San Antonio Civitan Golf
Open
1964 - Mickey Wright shoots a 62, lowest golf score for a
woman pro
1964 - Sudan Premier Ibrahim Abbud resigns
1965 - Craig Breedlove sets land speed record (600.601
mph-966.57 kph)
1966 - Gemini XII (Lovell & Aldrin) returns to Earth
1967 - Boston's Carl Yastrzemski wins AL MVP
1967 - Michael Adams in X-15 reaches 80 km
American Baseball Player Roger MarisAmerican Baseball Player
Roger Maris 1967 - WLTV TV channel 23 in Miami, FL (IND) begins broadcasting
1967 - The only fatality of the X-15 program occurs during
the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of
his aircraft which is destroyed mid-air over the Mojave Desert.
1968 - 1st date in controversial Jim Bouton baseball diary
"Ball Four"
1969 - 1st Jackson Five record to enter top 100 (I Want You
Back)
1969 - 1st commercial ad on English TV: Birds-Eye Peas on
ATV (Midland)
1969 - 250,000 peacefully demonstrate in Wash DC against
Vietnam War
1969 - Janis Joplin, accused of vulgar & indicent
language in Tampa, Fla
1969 - Wendy's Hamburgers opens
1971 - Intel advertises 4004-processor
1972 - Circle-in the-Square Theater opens at 1633 Broadway
NYC
1972 - Small Astronomy Satellite Explorer 48 launched to
study gamma rays
1972 - White Sox Dick Allen wins AL MVP
1973 - Egypt & Israel exchange prisoners of war
1974 - Ringo Starr releases "Goodnight Vienna"
& "Only You" in UK
1975 - Miss Teenage America Pageant
1976 - Syrian army conquerors Beirut
1977 - Pres Jimmy Carter welcomes Shah of Iran
1978 - 183 die as Icelandic Airlines DC-8 crashes in
Colombo, Sri Lanka
1978 - Harold Pinter's "Betrayal," premieres in
London
1978 - Pirates outfielder Dave Parker wins NL MVP
1979 - ABC-TV announces it would broadcast nightly specials
on Iran hostage
1979 - British government identifies Sir Anthony Blunt, art
advisor to the Queen, as 4th man in Soviet spy ring
1979 - A package from the Unabomber Ted Kaczynski begins
smoking in the cargo hold of a flight from Chicago to Washington, forcing the
plane to make an emergency landing.
264th Pope John Paul II264th Pope John Paul II 1980 - Pope
John Paul II began 5 day visit to West Germany
1981 - "Camelot" opens at Winter Garden Theater
NYC for 48 performances
1982 - Funeral service held in Moscow's Red Square for
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev
1983 - 75th hat trick in Islander history-Mike Bossy
1983 - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus proclaimed
1985 - A research assistant is injured when a package from
the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes.
1986 - 2nd time Saturday Night Live uses a time delay (Sam
Knison hosts)
1987 - 28 of 82 aboard Continental Airlines DC-9, die in
crash at Denver
1987 - Carla Beurskens runs Dutch female record marathon
(2:26:34)
1987 - Leile McBridge (Denver), crowned Miss Black America
1987 - NY Giant Raul Allegre kicks 2, 50 or more yard field
goals in a game
1987 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1988 - 91 m radio telescope dish at Green Bank, WV,
collapses
1988 - Dodgers outfielder Kirk Gibson wins NL MVP Award
1988 - PLO proclaims State of Palestine, recognizes Israeli
existence
1988 - Soviet space shuttle makes unmanned maiden flight (2
orbits)
1988 - The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched
in the Netherlands.
1989 - "Batman" is released on video tape
1989 - "Few Good Men" opens at Music Box Theater
NYC for 497 performances
1989 - Bret Saberhagen wins AL Cy Young Award
1989 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1989 - Test Cricket debut of Waqar Younis & Sachin
Tendulkar at Karachi
1989 - Walter Davis (Denver) begins NBA free throw streak of
53 games
US President George H. W. BushUS President George H. W. Bush
1990 - US President Bush signs Clear Air Act of 1990
1990 - Producers confirm that Milli Vanilli didn't sing on
their album
1990 - US 68th manned space mission STS 38 (Atlantis 7)
launches into orbit
1991 - Dow Jones avg drops 120.31 points (5th largest dive)
1991 - Ricky Pierce (Seattle) begins NBA free throw streak
of 75 game
1992 - Cuban Ilyushin IL-18 flight to Puerto Plata crashes,
34 die
1992 - Praveen Amre scores century on Test Cricket debut
(103 v SA, Durban)
1993 - Howard Stern radio show premieres in Myrtle Beach SC
on WYAV 104.1 FM
1993 - Joe Buttafuoco sentence to 6 months for statutory
rape of Amy Fisher
1993 - 13 Cuban refugees land in Florida after stealing a
crop-duster in Cuba.
1994 - "Glass Menagerie" opens at Criterion
Theater NYC for 57 performances
1994 - 6.7-8.1 earthquake strikes Philippines, killing 45
1994 - Helmut Kohl elected German chancellor (341-340 votes)
1994 - Nepal Communist party Dutch Communist Party-UML wins
election
1995 - "Master Class" opens at Golden Theater NYC
for 601 performances
1995 - Space shuttle Atlantis docks with orbiting Russian
space station Mir
1996 - "Into the Whirlwind" opens at Lunt-Fontanne
Theater NYC for 2 perfs
1997 - 19th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 32 awards
1999 - Next transit of Mercury visible in North America
2000 - A chartered Antonov AN-24 crashes after takeoff from
Luanda, Angola killing more than 40 people
2000 - New state of Jharkhand comes into existence in India
2002 - Hu Jintao becomes general secretary of the Communist
Party of China.
2003 - The first day of the 2003 Istanbul Bombings takes
place, to be followed by additional bombings on November 20.
2005 - Boeing formally launches the stretched Boeing 747-8
variant with orders from Cargolux and Nippon Cargo Airlines.
2007 - A devastating Cyclone named Sidr hit Bangladesh,
killing an estimated 5000 people and destroyed the world's largest mangrove
forest, Sundarbans.
2012 - At least 95 people are killed in Syrian conflicts
2012 - Deep Horizon Oil Spill: BP settles for $4.5 Billion
1777 - The Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation, precursor to the U.S. Constitution. 1806 - Explorer Zebulon Pike spotted the mountaintop that became known as Pikes Peak. 1867 - the first stock ticker was unveiled in New York City. 1889 - Brazil's monarchy was overthrown. 1901 - Miller Reese patented an electrical hearing aid. 1902 - Anarchist Gennaro Rubin failed in his attempt to murder King Leopold II of Belgium. 1920 - The League of Nations met for the first time in Geneva, Switzerland. 1926 - The National Broadcasting Co. (NBC) debuted with a radio network of 24 stations. The first network radio broadcast was a four-hour "spectacular." 1939 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt laid the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, DC. 1940 - The first 75,000 men were called to Armed Forces duty under peacetime conscription. 1965 - The Soviet probe, Venera 3, was launched from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. On March 1, 1966, it became the first unmanned spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet when it crashed on Venus. 1966 - The flight of Gemini 12 ended successfully as astronauts James A. Lovell and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. 1969 - In Washington, DC, a quarter of a million protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the Vietnam War. 1985 - Britain and Ireland signed an accord giving Dublin an official consultative role in governing Northern Ireland. 1986 - A government tribunal in Nicaragua convicted American Eugene Hasenfus of charges related to his role in delivering arms to Contra rebels. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison and was pardoned a month later. 1986 - Ivan F. Boesky, reputed to be the highest-paid person on Wall Street, faced penalties of $100 million for insider stock trading. It was the highest penalty ever imposed by the SEC. 1988 - The Palestine National Council, the legislative body of the PLO, proclaimed the establishment of an independent Palestinian state at the close of a four-day conference in Algiers. 1992 - Richard Petty drove in the final race of his 35-year career. 1993 - A judge in Mineola, NY, sentenced Joey Buttafuoco to six months in jail for the statutory rape of Amy Fisher. Fisher was serving a prison sentence for shooting and wounding Buttafuoco's wife, Mary Jo. 1995 - Texaco agreed to pay $176 million to settle a race-discrimination lawsuit. 1999 - Representatives from China and the United States signed a major trade agreement that involved China's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). 2000 - Three police officers from the Rampart division of the Los Angeles police department were convicted on several counts of conspiracy to obstruct justice. One other officer was acquitted. The case was the first major case against the anti-gang unit. 2005 - In Amiens, France, Isabelle Dinoire became the first person to undergo a partial face transplant. She had been attacked by a dog earlier in the year. 2006 - Andy Warhol's painting of Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong sold for $17.4 million. At the same auction "Orange Marilyn" sold for $16.2 million and "Sixteen Jackies" sold for $15.6 million.
1763 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began surveying the Mason-Dixon line. 1777 The Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation, the precursor to the U.S. Constitution. 1806 Explorer Zebulon Pike spotted the mountaintop now known as Pikes Peak. 1939 The cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial was laid by President Roosevelt. 1969 About 250,000 protesters against the Vietnam War, the largest war protest ever, converged peacefully on Washington, DC. 2002 Hu Jintao replaced Jiang Zemin as China's Communist Party leader.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/nov15.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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