http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Sep 13, 1759: Britain victorious on the Plains of Abraham
During the Seven Years War, a worldwide conflict known as the French and Indian War in America, the British under General James Wolfe achieve a dramatic victory when they scale the cliffs over the city of Quebec, defeating the Marquis de Montcalm's French forces on the Plains of Abraham. Wolfe himself was fatally wounded during the battle, but his victory ensured British supremacy in Canada. Montcalm also suffered a mortal wound during the battle.
In the early 1750s, French expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies. In 1756--the first official year of fighting in the Seven Years War--the British suffered a series of defeats against the French and their broad network of Native American alliances. However, in 1757, British Prime Minister William Pitt (the older) recognized the potential of imperial expansion that would come out of victory against the French and borrowed heavily to fund an expanded war effort. Pitt financed Prussia's struggle against France and her allies in Europe and reimbursed the colonies for the raising of armies in North America.
By 1760, the French had been expelled from Canada, and by 1763 all of France's allies in Europe had either made a separate peace with Prussia or had been defeated. In addition, Spanish attempts to aid France in the Americas had failed, and France also suffered defeats against British forces in India.
The Seven Years War ended with the signing of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in February 1763. In the Treaty of Paris, France lost all claims to Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain, while Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada, and various French holdings overseas. The treaty ensured the colonial and maritime supremacy of Britain and strengthened the 13 American colonies by removing their European rivals to the north and the south. Fifteen years later, French bitterness over the loss of most of their colonial empire contributed to their intervention in the American Revolution on the side of the Patriots.
Sep 13, 1976: New book says war with Russia is greatest U.S. threat
A new book by two Brookings Institution scholars declares that the threat of war with Russia remains high and that the Soviet Union still poses the greatest danger to the security of the United States. The appearance of the study suggested that the period of "detente" between America and the Soviet Union was nearing its end.
Since the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union had been locked in a contest for world power known as the Cold War. During the early 1970s, however, the administration of President Richard Nixon began to pursue a policy of "detente"-literally a lessening of tensions--toward the Russians. This was a policy strongly supported by both Richard Nixon and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, and their diplomatic overtures to the Soviet Union were climaxed by a summit meeting in Moscow that both attended in May 1972. At the meeting, the SALT-I agreement was signed, setting limits on a variety of nuclear weapons.
By 1976, however, the spirit of detente seemed to have evaporated. Since the SALT-I agreement, the United States grappled with its humiliating defeat in Vietnam, hostilities continued to simmer in the Middle East, and Africa (particularly Angola) was becoming a new site of Cold War confrontations between the United States and the Soviet Union. In light of this change, the publication of the book Setting National Priorities in September 1976, by Brookings Institution scholars Henry Owen and Charles Schultze was not entirely surprising. Owen and Schultze argued that the Soviet Union remained "determined to continue to dominate Eastern Europe and to extend its influence in the world, whatever we may do." The arms race, they declared, would continue. Their conclusion was definite: "The worst threat to our well-being remains what it has been ever since World War II--a clash between U.S. and Soviet armed forces." Only increased defense spending could protect the United States from disaster.
Throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, the last vestiges of detente continued to evaporate. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, a successful Marxist revolution in Nicaragua, and the election of Ronald Reagan--who declared that the Soviet Union was an "evil empire"--were all signs that the Cold War was back in full swing. It was not until Mikhail Gorbachev took power in Russia and reawakened the dormant policy of detente in the mid-1980s that U.S.-Soviet relations notably improved.
Sep 13, 1980: President Carter attends Willie Nelson concert at White House
On this day in 1980, country music artist Willie Nelson and his band perform at the White House with President Jimmy Carter in attendance. Later that night, unbeknownst to the president, Nelson allegedly retired to the White House roof to smoke a marijuana cigarette.
A fan of Nelson's music, Carter frequently attended the singer's concerts and invited Nelson to stay at the White House during his presidency. The two formed a friendship that continued after Carter left the White House in 1980. In 2004, Carter told reporter Beverly Keel from Rolling Stone magazine that while under immense pressure as president he would relax in his study, tying flies for fishing while listening to Nelson's music. "All the good things I did as president, all the mistakes I made -- you can blame half of that on Willie," said the former president. He and Nelson shared a common background: both grew up in the South and worked as blacksmiths and at picking cotton. Nelson felt equal admiration for Carter and told Keel that Carter was his "favorite president...he did a great job."
In 1980, Carter invited Nelson to perform on the South Lawn of the White House. A week later, The New York Times reported on an unusual event that raised a few eyebrows among Washington's conservative set: first lady Rosalynn Carter had joined Nelson for a duet. Her "soft soprano" complemented Nelson's "nasal baritone." The president and many in the audience joined in heartily as Nelson and Rosalynn sang "Up Against the Wall Redneck Mother."
Nelson, whom The New York Times dubbed the "king of outlaw country," had never made a secret of his use of illegal marijuana and supported the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). In his biography, Nelson admitted to lighting up a "big fat Austin torpedo" (slang for a marijuana cigarette) whenever he stayed overnight at the White House. Carter claimed not to have known of Nelson's after-hours tokes on the White House roof, saying he and Willie never discussed the singer's drug use. (During the 1976 campaign, Carter had called for the decriminalization of marijuana.) However, as Nelson himself admitted in later interviews, Secret Service agents kept a close eye on Nelson whenever he indulged in his nightly habit at the White House.
Today marks the anniversary of one of the most decisive battles n history, and especially of North American history. On this day in 1759, the British scaled the cliffs in the cloak of darkness of night, and surprised the French in Québec City. Québec City had been the capital of what was close to a French Empire in North America, stretching from the mouth of the St. Lawrence, through the Great Lakes region, and down the Mississippi River to Louisiana and New Orleans. But the French lost their possessions in North America with this quick battle (it was over in roughly twenty minutes), during which, both British General Wolfe and French General Montcalm were killed. The British were triumphant, and took the city. Before long, they had taken pretty much all of Canada. France was granted permission to keep a few possessions in the Caribbean, and two tiny islands (St. Pierre & Miquelon) off the coast of Newfoundland, which remain French to this day. Of course, Francophone culture did not die with nthe defeat of the French, and a sentimental remembrance of this past can be scene on Québec license plates, which offer the provincial slogan, "Je me souviens ("I remember").
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
509 BC - The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
122 - Building begins on Hadrian's Wall
533 - General Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium, near Carthage, North Africa.
604 - Sabinian begins his reign as Pope replacing Pope Gregory the Great
1125 - Duke Lotharius of Supplinburg crowned as German king Lotharius III
1224 - Francis of Assisi is afflicted with stigmata.
1440 - Gilles de Rais is finally taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
1503 - Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.
1504 - Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.
1515 - -14] Battle at Marignano: France beats Habsburgers& amp; Pope Leo X
1549 - Pope Paul III signs Council of Bologna
1553 - English Hugh Latimer arrested
1556 - Charles V & Maria of Hungary march into Spain
1574 - Turkish fleet recaptures Tunis
1579 - Breda forms Union of Utrecht
1625 - 16 Rabbis (including Isiah Horowitz) are imprisoned in Jerusalem
1631 - Admiral Tholen conquerors 30+ Spanish frigates
1663 - 1st serious slave conspiracy in colonial America (Virginia)
1743 - England, Austria & Savoye-Sardinia sign Treaty of Worms
Pope Leo XPope Leo X 1751 - England signs Austrian & Russian alliance
1759 - British beat French forces at Plains of Abrahams (Quebec)
1775 - Gotthold Lessing's "Die Juden," premieres in Frankfurt-am-Main
1787 - Prussian army moves into Netherlands
1788 - NY City becomes 1st capital of US
1789 - 1st loan to US government (from NYC banks)
1791 - France's King Louis XVI accepts constitution
1800 - Curacao in English hands (until Jan 1803)
1808 - Finnish War: In the Battle of Jutas, Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
1847 - American-Mexican war: US Gen Winfield Scott captures Mexico City
1849 - 1st US prize fight fatality (Tom McCoy)
1858 - Hamburg-US ship Austria catches fire & sinks, 471 die
1861 - 1st naval battle of Civil War, Union frigate "Colorado" sinks privateer "Judah" off Pensacola, Fla
1867 - Gen E R S Canby orders SC courts to impanel blacks jurors
1869 - Jay Gould & James Fisk attempt to control US gold market
1881 - Lewis Latimer invents & patents electric lamp with a carbon filament
1882 - Battle at Count el-Kebir: British troops invade Egypt
1883 - Hugh Daily, a one-armed pitcher for Cleveland (Forest City), tosses 1-0 no-hitter against Philadelphia
1890 - Cecil Rhodes' colonies hoist Union Jack in Mashonaland & Salisbury
1898 - 20,000 Paris construction workers go on strike
1898 - Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film
1899 - Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m - 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
1900 - Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
1906 - 1st airplane flight in Europe
1907 - Interprovincial Rugby Football union (Big Four) forms with Hamilton Tigers, Toronto Argonauts, Ottawa Rough Riders & Montreal Foot Ball
1909 - Ty Cobb clinches AL HR title with his 9th HR (all inside-the-park)
1910 - Regina Rugby Club forms
1918 - Train accident at Weesp Neth, kills 42
1919 - Guy Bolton & George Middleton's "Adam & Eve," premieres in NYC
1922 - 136.4°F (58°C), El Aziziyah, Libya in shade (world record)
1923 - With Spain's king Alfonso XIII assist, army coup under de Rivera
1924 - 19th Davis Cup: USA beats Australia in Philadelphia (5-0)
1925 - 1st US University for Blacks, Xavier University, opens in New Orleans
1925 - Bkln Dodger Dazzy Vance no-hits Phillies, 10-1
1927 - Yanks clinch pennant, Ruth hits 2 HRs (52 en route to 60)
1927 - Waite Hoyt became only 20 game winner of 1927 Yankees
1928 - KOH-AM in Reno NV begins radio transmissions
1930 - 50th US Mens Tennis: J H Doeg beats Francis Shields (10-8 16 64 16-14)
1930 - Paavo Nurmi runs world record 20,000m (1:04:38.4)
1930 - Tommy Armour wins PGA golf tournament
1930 - Winnipeg Rugby Football Club 1st game, loses to St John's Rugby, 7-3
1931 - Capt G H Stainworth flies world speed record (655 kph)
1931 - Right-radical coup of Dr Pfrimer fails in Austria
1932 - NY Yankees clinch their 7th AL pennant
1934 - Judge Landis sells World Series broadcast rights to Ford for $100,000
1935 - Rockslide near Whirlpool Rapids Bridge ends the Great Gorge and International Railway.
1936 - Cleve Bob Feller strikes out then record 17 in a game (vs Phila A's)
1938 - Alexander Cartwright selects to Baseball's Hall of Fame
Aviator Igor SikorskyAviator Igor Sikorsky 1939 - First (tethered) flight of the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300, one of the first viable American helicopters, flown by Igor Sikorsky
1940 - Buckingham Palace destroyed by German bombs
1940 - Italian troops under Marshal Graziani attack Egypt
1942 - Battle of Edson's Ridge (2nd Japanese assault) at Guadalcanal
1942 - Cubs shortstop Leonard Merullo makes 4 errors in 1 inning
1942 - German forces attack Stalingrad
1943 - Chiang Kai-shek became president of China
1943 - German counter attack at Salerno
1943 - Having been Generalissimo since 1928, Chiang Kai-shek elected pres
1943 - The Municipal Theatre of Corfu is destroyed during an aerial bombardment by Luftwaffe.
1944 - 30th Infantry division of US 1st Army frees Margraten
1944 - Last transport out camp Westerbork to Bergen Belsen
1944 - US 28th Infantry division opens assault on Siegfried line/Westwall
1946 - Boston Red Sox clinch AL pennant
1947 - WPVI TV channel 6 in Philadelphia, PA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1948 - Margaret Chase Smith (R-Me) elected senator, 1st woman to serve in both houses of Congress
1949 - Ladies Pro Golf Association of America formed in NYC
1951 - St Louis Cards beat NY Giants 6-4 (rescheduled from 9/12) then at night lose to Boston Braves 2-0
1952 - Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez elected president of Mexico
1953 - Pitcher Bob Trice is 1st black to play on Phila A's
1954 - Reds Ted Kluszewski scores a run in record 17 consecutive games
1954 - WPBN TV channel 7 in Traverse City, MI (NBC) begins broadcasting
1956 - Dike around Dutch polder Eastern Flevoland closes
1956 - Stravinsky's "Canticum Sacrum," premieres in Venice
1956 - IBM introduces the first computer disk storage unit, the RAMAC 305.
1958 - Braves Warren Spahn is 1st lefty to win 20 or more games 9 times
1958 - Queen Juliana christens passenger ship Rotterdam
1959 - 73rd US Womens Tennis: Maria Fraser beats Christine Truman (61 64)
1959 - 79th US Mens Tennis: Neale Fraser beats Alejandro Olmedo (63 57 62 64)
1959 - Marilynn Smith wins LPGA Memphis Golf Open
1959 - USSR's Luna 2 becomes 1st probe to contact another celestial body
1960 - Dutch 1st Chamber condemns soccer-law
1961 - "Car 54 Where are You?" premieres on TV
1961 - Battles between UN & Katanga troops in Congo
1961 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1961 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1961 - Unmanned Mercury-Atlas 4 launched into Earth orbit
1963 - "Outer Limits" premieres on ABC TV
1963 - Jim Bouton's 20th win clinches Yanks 28th pennant
1963 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1964 - 3rd sitting of 2nd Vatican council opens in Rome
1964 - 78th US Womens Tennis: Maria Fraser beats Carole Graebner (61 60)
1964 - 84th US Mens Tennis: Roy Emerson beats Frederick S Stolle (64 62 64)
1964 - Mary Mills wins LPGA Eugene Ladies' Golf Open
1964 - St Louis is 1st NL to score runs in every game since 1923, win 15-2
1964 - WKEF TV channel 22 in Dayton, OH (NBC) begins broadcasting
1965 - Beatles release "Yesterday"
1965 - Beatles win 1st Grammy, for Best Group of 1964
1965 - Today Show's 1st totally color broadcast
1965 - Willie Mays's 500th HR (off Don Nottebart), Giants 11th straight win
1966 - Johannes Balthazar Vorster sworn in as premier of South Africa
1968 - Albania leaves Warsaw pact
1969 - Baltimore Orioles, win earliest AL Eastern division title
1969 - Bobby Bonds is baseballs 4th 30-HR, 30-steal player
1969 - Plastic Ono Band's (John, Yoko & Eric Clapton) 1st live performance
1970 - 1st NYC Marathon won by Gary Muhrcke in 2:31:38
1970 - 84th US Womens Tennis: M Smith Court beats Rosemary Casals (62 26 61)
1970 - 90th US Mens Tennis: Ken Rosewall beats Tony Roche (26 64 76 63)
1970 - IBM announces System 370 computer
1970 - Joanne Carner wins LPGA Wendell-West Golf Open
1970 - Palestine guerillas conquer Irbid Jordania
1971 - 11 guards & 31 prisoners die in take over at Attica State Prison
1971 - Frank Robinson hits his 500th HR
1971 - Nikita Krushchev, Soviet premier, buried in Moscow
1971 - WIIQ TV channel 41 in Demopolis, AL (PBS) begins broadcasting
1971 - World Hockey Association forms
1972 - 1st TV broadcast of "Waltons" on CBS
1973 - ABC announces it obtained TV rights for 1976 Olympics
1973 - Congress passes & sends a bill to Nixon to lift football's blackout
1973 - Syrian/Israeli dogfight over Mediterranean Sea
1974 - -17] 3 Japanese kidnap French ambassador in Hague
1974 - 1st broadcast of "Rockford Files" on NBC-TV
1974 - Phillies set NL record, using 27 players in a game, St Louis uses 24, tying record of 51. Phils win 7-3 in 17
1974 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1975 - -27] Hurricane Eloise, kills 71 in Caribbean & US
1976 - 2nd Enterprise, approach & lands Test Cricket (ALT) flight (5m28s)
1977 - 1st TV viewer discretion warning-Soap
1977 - 2nd Test Cricket of Space Shuttle Enterprise
1977 - General Motors introduces 1st US diesel auto (Oldsmobile 88)
1978 - 1st flight of McDonnell Douglas F-18A Hornet
1978 - NY Yanks win to gain sole possession of 1st place from 14 games back
1979 - China PR performs nuclear test
1979 - South Africa grants Venda independence (Not recognized out of S Afr)
1980 - 1st United Negro College Fund
Tennis Player John McEnroeTennis Player John McEnroe 1981 - 101st US Mens Tennis: John McEnroe beats Bjorn Borg (46 62 64 63)
1981 - 33rd Emmy Awards: Taxi, Hill St Blue, Judd Hirsh& amp; Isabel Sanford wins
1981 - April Moon sets women's handbow distance record of 1,039 yds & 13"
1981 - Atlanta Falcons tie record of 31 points in 4th quarter (vs Green Bay)
1981 - Jan Stephenson wins LPGA United Virginia Bank Golf Classic
1981 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1982 - 50 die in Spantax Airlines DC-10 on takeoff from Malaga, Spain
1982 - Joe Lefevre gets 6 hits in one baseball game
1983 - Dan Quisenberry record 39th season save
1983 - Emmy Creative Arts Award presentation
1983 - Oakland's Rickey Henderson 3rd straight 100 steals for season
1983 - Steve O'Shaughnessy scores 100 in 35 mins, Lancs v Leics
1983 - US mint strikes 1st gold coin in 50 years (Olympic Eagle)
1984 - STS 41-G launch vehicle moves to launch pad
1984 - Simon Peres forms Israeli government with Likoed
1985 - 2nd MTV Awards: Bruce Springsteen
1985 - John Williams introduces new Today Show theme
1986 - Bert Blyleven gives up a record 44 HRs in a season
1986 - Kellye Cash (Tenn), 21, crowned 60th Miss America 1987
1987 - Cesium-137 stolen from abandoned hospital in Rio de Janeiro
1987 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Cellular One-Ping Golf Championship
1987 - Paul Lynch of Great Britain does 32,573 push-ups in 24 hours
1988 - 10th time, 4 players hit baseball major-league record grand slams
1988 - 9 hard/software manufacturers announce EISA computer bus in NY
1988 - Gilbert is strongest (26.13 barometer) hurricane in Western Hemisphere
1989 - "Les Miserables," opens at Fisher Theatre, Detroit
1989 - Desmond Tutu leads biggest anti-apartheid protest march in South Africa
1989 - Fay Vincent elected baseball's 8th commissioner
1990 - Commuter train at Johannesburg South Africa attacked, 36 die
1990 - Iraqi troops storm residence of French ambassador in Kuwait
1990 - Robert E Nederlander appointed NY Yankee managing general partner
1990 - Senate Judiciary Com opens hearing on confirmation of David Souter
1991 - 55 ton concrete beam falls in Montreal's Olympic Stadium
1991 - Joe Carter is 1st to have 3 consec 100-RBI seasons with 3 differ teams
1991 - Joe Coleman 3rd 100 RBI season in a row 3 teams (Cleve, SD & Toronto)
1991 - Kim Zmeskal is 1st American to win a medal at World Gymnastics Championships, she wins the gold with 39.848 pts
Tennis Player Pete SamprasTennis Player Pete Sampras 1992 - 112th US Mens Tennis: Stefan Edberg beats Pete Sampras (36 64 76 62)
1992 - NY Giants trailing Dallas Cowboys 34-0 in 3rd, lose 34-28
1992 - Nancy Lopez wins Ping-Cellular One LPGA Golf Championship
1992 - Steffan Edberg beats Pete Sampress to win US Open
1993 - Israeli min of Foreign affairs Peres & PLO-Abu Mazen sign peace accord
1993 - Junxia Cheek runs ladies world record 3000m (8:06.11)
1993 - Queens NY begins required recycling
1993 - Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway.
1994 - George Burns, undergoes surgery to drain fluid from his brain
1994 - Space probe Ulyssus passes south pole of Sun
1996 - Phil Simmons scores 171 & takes 6-14 for Leics v Durham
1997 - Carolina Hurricane's 1st exhibition game beat NY Islanders 4-1
1997 - Katherine Shindle (Ill), 24, crowned 71st Miss America 1998
1998 - 112th US Womens Tennis
1998 - 118th US Mens Tennis
1998 - SAFECO Golf Classic
1999 - Bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed.
2001 - Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the U.S. after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
2006 - At Dawson College (Montreal), Kimveer Gill kills one student and wounds 19 others before committing suicide.
2008 - Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston and surrounding areas.
2012 - 19 people are killed after a freight elevator crashes from 100 meters in Wuhan, China
2012 - 33,000 people are evacuated after Guatemala's Volcano of Fire erupts
2012 - Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev calls for Russian punk band Pussy Riot to be freed
2012 - Dr Mustafa Abushagur is elected as Prime Minister of Libya
1759 - The French were defeated by the British on the Plains of Abraham in the final French and Indian War. 1788 - The Constitutional Convention decided that the first federal election was to be held on Wednesday the following February. On that day George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States. In addition, New York City was named the temporary national capital. 1789 - The United States Government took out its first loan. 1847 - U.S. forces took the hill Chapultepec during the Mexican-American War. 1862 - During the American Civil War General Lee's Order No. 191 was found by federal soldiers in Maryland. 1898 - Hannibal Williston Goodwin patented celluloid photographic film, which is used to make movies. 1922 - In El Azizia, Libya, the highest shade temperature was recorded at 136.4 degrees Fahrenheit. 1937 - The first broadcast of "Kitty Keene, Incorporated" was heard on the NBC Red network. 1943 - Chiang Kai-shek became the president of China. 1948 - The School of Performing Arts opened in New York City. It was the first public school to specialize in performing arts. 1948 - Margaret Chase Smith was elected to the U.S. Senate and became the first woman to serve in both houses of the U.S. Congress. 1949 - The Ladies Professional Golf Association of America was formed. 1959 - The Soviet Union's Luna 2 became the first space probe to reach the moon. It was launched the day before. 1960 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission banned payola. 1970 - The first New York City Marathon took place. Fireman Gary Muhrucke won the race. 1971 - In New York, National Guardsmen stormed the Attica Correctional Facility and put an end to the four-day revolt. A total of 43 people were killed in the final assault. A committee was organized to investigate the riot on September 30, 1971. 1971 - The World Hockey Association was formed. 1977 - The first diesel automobiles were introduced by General Motors. 1981 - U.S. Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig said the U.S. had physical evidence that Russia and its allies used poisonous biological weapons in Laos, Cambodia and Afghanistan. 1988 - Forecasters reported that Hurricane Gilbert's barometric pressure measured 26.13. It was the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. 1993 - "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" premiered on NBC. 1993 - Israel and Palestine signed their first major agreement. Palestine was granted limited self-government in the Gaza Strip and in Jericho. 1994 - U.S. President Bill Clinton signed a $30 billion crime bill into law. 1998 - The New York Times closed its Web site after hackers added offensive material. 2001 - U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell named Osama bin Laden as the prime suspect in the terror attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. Limited commercial flights resumed in the U.S. for the first time in two days.
1943 Chiang Kai-Shek became president of China. 1948 Republican Margaret Chase Smith of Maine was elected to the U.S. Senate, becoming the first woman to have served in both houses of Congress. 1971 The four-day revolt at the maximum security prison in Attica, New York, ended when state police and National Guardsmen stormed the facility. Forty-two people died. 1993 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat shook hands after signing an historic peace agreement.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/sep13.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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