Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
Sep 19, 1893: New Zealand first in women's vote
With the signing of the Electoral Bill by Governor Lord Glasgow, New Zealand becomes the first country in the world to grant national voting rights to women. The bill was the outcome of years of suffragette meetings in towns and cities across the country, with women often traveling considerable distances to hear lectures and speeches, pass resolutions, and sign petitions. New Zealand women first went to the polls in the national elections of November 1893.
The United States granted women the right to vote in 1920, and Great Britain guaranteed full voting rights for women in 1928.
Sep 19, 1957: Nevada is site of first-ever underground nuclear explosion
On this day in 1957, the United States detonates a 1.7 kiloton nuclear weapon in an underground tunnel at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), a 1,375 square mile research center located 65 miles north of Las Vegas. The test, known as Rainier, was the first fully contained underground detonation and produced no radioactive fallout. A modified W-25 warhead weighing 218 pounds and measuring 25.7 inches in diameter and 17.4 inches in length was used for the test. Rainier was part of a series of 29 nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons safety tests known as Operation Plumbbob that were conducted at the NTS between May 28, 1957, and October 7, 1957.
In December 1941, the U.S. government committed to building the world's first nuclear weapon when President Franklin Roosevelt authorized $2 billion in funding for what came to be known as the Manhattan Project. The first nuclear weapon test took place on July 16, 1945, at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. A few weeks later, on August 6, 1945, with the U.S. at war against Japan, President Harry Truman authorized the dropping of an atomic bomb named Little Boy over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, on August 9, a nuclear bomb called Fat Man was dropped over Nagasaki. Two hundred thousand people, according to some estimates, were killed in the attacks on the two cities and on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers.
1957's Operation Plumbbob took place at a time when the U.S. was engaged in a Cold War and nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. In 1963, the U.S. signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, which banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, underwater and outer space. A total of 928 tests took place at the Nevada Test Site between 1951 and 1992, when the U.S. conducted its last underground nuclear test. In 1996, the U.S signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which prohibits nuclear detonations in all environments.
Sep 19, 1941: Germans bombard Leningrad
On this day in 1941, as part of their offensive campaign in the Soviet Union, German bombers blast through Leningrad's antiaircraft defenses, and kill more than 1,000 Russians
Hitler's armies had been in Soviet territory since June. An attempt by the Germans to take Leningrad (formerly St. Petersburg) in August by a massive panzer invasion had failed. Hitler had wanted to decimate the city and hand it over to an ally, Finland, who was attacking Russia from the north. But Leningrad had created an antitank defense sufficient to keep the Germans at bay—and so a siege was mounted. German forces surrounded the city in an attempt to cut it off from the rest of Russia. (Finland eventually stopped short of an invasion of Leningrad, happy just to recapture territory it had lost to the Soviet invasion in 1939.)
The halt of the German land attack and the withdrawal of the panzer divisions to be used elsewhere did not stop the Luftwaffe from continuing to raid the city. ("The Fuhrer has decided to have St. Petersburg wiped off the face of the Earth," declared Hitler to his generals.) The air attack of the 19th was particularly brutal; many of those killed were already recuperating from battle wounds in hospitals, which were hit by German bombs.
The siege of Leningrad would last a total of 872 days and would prove devastating to the population. More than 650,000 Leningrad citizens died in 1942 alone, from starvation, exposure, diseases, and artillery shelling from German positions outside the city. The only route by which supplies could enter the city was via Lake Ladoga, which entailed sleds negotiating ice during the winter. But the resources that got through were only enough to prolong the suffering of the Leningraders. Even tales of cannibalism began leaking out of the city. Soviet forces were finally successful in breaking the siege in January 1944, pushing the Germans 50 miles from the city.
Among those trapped in the city was an air-raid warden born in St. Petersburg named Dimitri Shostakovich, who wrote his Seventh Symphony during the siege. He was eventually evacuated and able to perform his masterwork in Moscow. The U.S. premiere of the piece raised relief funds for the desperate Russians.
Sep 19, 1985: The U.S. Senate convenes the PMRC hearings on Capitol Hill
On August 19, 1985, the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee of the United States Senate opened public hearings intended to gather expert testimony on "the content of certain sound recordings and suggestions that recording packages be labeled to provide a warning to prospective purchasers of sexually explicit or other potentially offensive content." Widely known as "The PMRC Hearings" after the acronym of an independent group—the Parents Music Resource Council—advocating for the "voluntary" adoption of warning stickers on record albums whose lyrics it deemed to be offensive, the hearings did not, in fact, end up leading to any kind of legislative action. They did, however, lead to a spectacle in which a most unlikely trio of popular musicians—Dee Snider, Frank Zappa and John Denver—presented a unified front before the committee against what they perceived to be efforts to undermine freedom of speech and artistic expression in popular music.
Though the PMRC was founded by several wives of prominent public figures, it was associated in the popular press most closely with Tipper Gore, the wife of then-Senator Al Gore of Tennessee. Alarmed by the salacious lyrics of the Prince song "Darling Nikki" (1984), which she heard for the first time while in the presence of her young daughters, Ms. Gore helped found the PMRC and spearhead the effort to place warning labels on music. Those labels came to be called "Tipper Stickers" by some, and Mrs. Gore was singled out for special attention in the testimony given before the Senate on this day in 1985. Dee Snider, for instance, the frontman of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister, disputed Ms. Gore's reading of his song "Under The Blade," asserting that "the only sadomasochism, bondage, and rape in this song is in the mind of Ms. Gore." And of the artists whose songs ranked 1st (the aforementioned "Darling Nikki") and 2nd ("Sugar Walls") on the PMRC's "Filthy 15," Frank Zappa said, "No one has forced...Mrs. Gore to bring Prince or Sheena Easton into [her] home."
Members of the Senate committee may have been surprised by how articulate and well-reasoned the critiques of the PMRC's plans were. (Dee Snider later said, "They had no idea I spoke English fluently.") What is certain is that the hearings failed to galvanize public opinion in strong favor of the PMRC's plans. Although most major record labels would eventually adopt the "Tipper stickers" voluntarily, the PMRC warning system never gained widespread support from consumers or from music retailers.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
1356 - English defeat French at Battle of Poitiers
1523 - Emperor Charles I & England sign anti-French covenant
1559 - 5 Spanish ships sinks in storm off Tampa, about 600 die
1580 - Treaty of Plessis-lez-Tours (Anjou/Dutch States-General)
1602 - Grave surrenders to earl Mauritius
1642 - Perpignan surrenders to French troops
1656 - Treaty of Labiau: Sweden gives Prussia, Brandenburg
1657 - Brandenburg & Poland sign Treaty of Wehlau
1668 - Polish king John II Kazimierz resigns/goes to France
1676 - Rebels under Nathaniel Bacon set Jamestown Va on fire
1755 - Great Britain & Russia sign military agreement
1777 - Battle of Freeman's Farm (Bemis Heights) or 1st Battle of Saratoga
1778 - The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
1795 - Tula, leader of Curacao slave opposition, imprisoned
1796 - George Washington's farewell address as president
1799 - English & Russian invasion army conquerors Receiver
1833 - Charles Darwin visits Guardia del Monte, Argentina
1838 - Ephraim Morris patents railroad brake
1848 - Hyperion, moon of Saturn, discovered by Bond (US) & Lassell (England)
1849 - 1st commercial laundry established, in Oaklan, California
1854 - Henry Meyer patents sleeping rail car
1862 - -20] Battle at Blackford's Ford Virginia
1862 - Battle at Iuka Mississippi (1,700 casualties)
1863 - Battle of Chickamauga GA (near Chattanooga) begins; Union retreat
1864 - 3rd Battle of Winchester Virginia (Opequon, 3rd Winchester)
1865 - Atlanta University forms
1870 - Siege of Paris begins
1873 - Black Friday: Jay Cooke & Co fails, causing a securities panic
1876 - 1st carpet sweeper patented (Melville Bissell of Grand Rapids, Mich)
1876 - Talks begin to set up a football club in Ottawa
1879 - Thomas Ray becomes youngest to break a world track & field record pole-vaulting 11' 2½" at age 17 years & 198 days
1888 - World's 1st beauty contest (Spa Belgium)
1890 - Turkish frigate "Ertogrul" burns off of Japan, kills 540
1893 - New Zealand is first country to grant all its women the right to vote
1901 - 11 baseball games canceled due to funeral of Pres William McKinley
1903 - King Leopold II denies Belgian cruelty in Congo
1904 - Gen Nogi's assault on Port Arthur: 16,000 Japanese casualties
1908 - Gustav Mahler's 7th Symphony premieres in Prague
1910 - George Cohan's "Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford" premieres in NYC
1911 - Red Tuesday-20,000 protest for universal rights
1912 - Pius X encyclical Singular quadam, against interconfess unions
1912 - Soccer team NAC (Noad Advendo Combination) forms in Breda
1914 - Brooklyn's Ed Lafitte no-hits KC (Federal League), 6-2
1916 - First landing at Schiphol Airport, Netherlands (Farman F-22 of Soesterberg)
1916 - Belgian troops conquer Tabora, German East Africa
1921 - 41st US Men's Tennis: William T Tilden beats Wm M Johnston (61 63 61)
1922 - Queen Wilhelmina assumes Dutch throne with 119 word speech
1923 - Ernst Tollers "Hinkemann," premieres in Leipzig
1925 - 45th US Men's Tennis: Wm T Tilden beats Wm M Johnston (46 119 63 46 63)
1926 - 80,000 demonstrate for democratic peace in Hague
1926 - The San Siro is inaugurated with a match between AC Milan and Inter.
1928 - Mickey Mouse's screen debut (Steamboat Willie at Colony Theater NYC)
1929 - Latvia dictator A Woldemaras chased out
1931 - 14th PGA Championship: Tom Creavy at Wannamoisett CC Rumford RI
1931 - Japanese troops conquer Mukden, South Manchuria
1931 - Lefty Grove wins his 30th game of season over White Sox, 2-1
1933 - NY Giants clinch the pennant
1934 - Bruno Haptmann arrested for kidnapping Lindbergh baby
1939 - British Expeditionary Force reaches France
1939 - Lord Haw-Haw (William Joyce) becomes radio host of Reichsrundfunk Berlin
1939 - Wehrmacht (German regular army) murders 100 Jews in Lukov Poland
1940 - Nazi decree forbids gentile woman to work in Jewish homes
1940 - Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz in order to smuggle out information and start a resistance.
1941 - 1st meeting of partisan leaders Tito & Draza Mihailovic in Yugoslavia
1941 - German army conquerors Kiev
1941 - Nazis force German Jews, 6 & over to wear Jewish stars
1943 - Fanny Whiteers-Koen breaks jumping world record
1943 - Liberator bombers sinks U-341
1944 - Finland & Russia agree to cease fire
1944 - Luftwaffe bombs Eindhoven: 200 killed
1944 - Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union is signed. (End of the Continuation War).
1945 - Kim Il Sung arrives in harbor of Wonsan, Korea
1945 - Lord Haw Haw (William Joyce) sentenced to death in London
1947 - Jackie Robinson is named 1947 "Rookie of Year"
1948 - 62nd US Women's Tennis: M Osborne duPont beats A L Brough (46 64 15-13)
1948 - 68th US Men's Tennis: "Pancho" Gonzales beats E Sturgess (62 63 14-12)
1948 - Richard A Gonzales wins US Tennis Open
1950 - European Payment Union forms in Paris
1950 - Great Three acknowledge Bond government as only German government
1950 - UN reject membership of China's People Republic
1951 - 1st broadcast of "Search for Tomorrow" on CBS-TV
1951 - Italian civil servants strike for pay increase
1952 - The United States bars Charlie Chaplin from re-entering the country after a trip to England.
1953 - "Hazel Flagg" closes at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC after 190 perfs
1954 - Beverly Hanson wins LPGA Wichita Golf Open
1955 - Argentine president Juan Peron, resigns & flees
1955 - Cubs slugger Ernie Banks hits record 5th grand slam of season
1955 - Hurricane Hilda, kills 200 in Mexico
1956 - 1st international conference of black writers & artists meets (Sorbonne)
1957 - 1st underground nuclear explosion at Las Vegas Nevada
1957 - Dalida is the first artist to be awarded a gold record in France for 300,000 sales of "Bambino".
1959 - Nikita Khrushchev is denied access to Disneyland
1960 - Chubby Checkers' "Twist" reaches #1
1961 - Betty and Barney Hill claim that they saw a mysterious craft in the sky and that it tried to abduct them.
1962 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1963 - Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc. is founded at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland.
1965 - Clifford Ann Creed wins LPGA Visalia Golf Open
1965 - Erhards CDU wins West German parliament elections
1966 - Mike Burke named Yankees pres
1967 - Nigeria begins offensive against Biafra
1968 - Denny McLain's 31st win & Mickey Mantle's 535th HR
1970 - "Mary Tyler Moore" show premieres
1971 - 1st NYC Women's Marathon won by Beth Bonner in 2:55:22
1971 - 2nd NYC Marathon won by Norman Higgins in 2:22:54
1972 - A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.
1973 - Carl XVI Gustaf, becomes King of Sweden
1973 - Frank Robinson homers in record 32nd ML park (Arlington Tx)
1973 - NL refuses to allow San Diego Padres move to Washington DC
1973 - Pirate Radio Free America (off Cape May NJ) forms
1973 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
1974 - -20] Hurricane Fifi hits coast of Honduras; about 5,000 die
1975 - Indonesia sends troops to Portuguese East Timor
1976 - "Going Up" opens at John Golden Theater NYC for 49 performances
1976 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA Portland Golf Classic
1979 - No Nukes Concert at Madison Square Garden includes Springsteen, and Crosby, Stills & Nash
1980 - Titan II missile explosion (Damascus, AR)
1981 - Paul Simon & Art Garfunkel perform a reunion concert in Central Park
1981 - Satellites China 10 & 11 launched into Earth orbit by B-1 rocket
1981 - Simon & Garfunkel reunite for a NYC Central Park concert
1982 - 34th Emmy Awards: Hill St Blue, Barney Miller, Alan Alda & Carol Kane
1982 - New Orleans Saints 1st road shutout victory beating Chic Bears 10-0
1982 - Sandra Haynie/Kathy McMullen wins Portland Ping Team Golf Championship
1982 - Streetcars stop running on Market St after 122 years of service
1983 - David Slowinski on 2 CRAY-1 comp's find 2^132049-1 prime #
1983 - St Kitts & Nevis declares independence from UK
1984 - Britain & China complete a proposed agreement to transfer Hong Kong to China by 1997
1985 - 12,000 die & 40,000 injured in Mexico's earthquake (8.1)
1986 - "Captain EO" with Michael Jackson premieres
1986 - Chicago White Sox Joe Crowley no-hits California Angels, 7-1
1986 - Dean Jones scores 210 v India at Madras
1986 - Fed health officials announce AZT will be available to AIDS patients
1987 - Kaye Lani Rae Rafko (Mich), 24, crowned 61st Miss America
1988 - Israel launches 1st satellite, for secret military reconnaissance
1988 - US Olympic diver Greg Louganis hits his head on diving board
1989 - Chase Manhattan Discovery Center at Brooklyn Botanic Garden opens
1989 - French DC-10 crashes near Niger, 171 die
1989 - Appeals court restores America's Cup to US after NY Supreme Court gave it to NZ (NZ protested US's use of a catamaran)
1991 - Precious Bunny wins the 46th Little Brown Jug
1991 - Ötzi the Iceman is discovered by German tourists.
1992 - Sergei Boebka pole vaults world record (6.13m)
1992 - UN Security Council votes 12-0 (3 abstentions) to dump Yugoslavia
1992 - Barry Bonds joins Willie Mays, Howard Johnson & Ron Gant as having (2) 30-HR/30-steal seasons
1993 - 45th Emmy Awards: Seinfeld, Picket Fences & Ted Danson wins
1993 - Actress Michele Phillips (Knots Landing) is robbed at gunpoint
1993 - Brandie Burton wins LPGA SAFECO Golf Classic
1993 - Kimberly Clarice Aiken, 18, Miss SC wins 67th Miss America
1993 - Parliamentary election in Poland
1993 - Tom Glavine wins 20 games in 3 straight years
1994 - 3,000 US militia lands on Haiti
1994 - Swedish government of Bildt resigns
1995 - Andres Galarraga is 4th to hit 30 HRs for Rockies in 1995
1995 - Padres Ken Caminiti switch hits HRs in 3rd of 4 games
1995 - The Washington Post and The New York Times publish the Unabomber's manifesto.
1996 - "Skylight" opens at Royale Theater NYC
1997 - Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria; 53 killed.
2000 - Ken Griffey, Jr. pinch-hits his 400th home run. The first major leaguer to reach the mark as a pinch-hitter
2006 - The Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok. The Constitution is revoked and martial law is declared.
2012 - 9 people are killed and 20 wounded by a car bombing in Peshawar, Afghanistan
1356 - The Battle of Poitiers was fought between England and France. Edward "the Black Prince" captured France's King John. 1777 - The Battle of Saratoga was won by American soldiers during the Revolutionary War. 1796 - U.S. President Washington's farewell address was published. 1819 - John Keats wrote "Ode to Autumn." 1876 - Melville R. Bissell patented the carpet sweeper. 1891 - "The Merchant of Venice" was performed for the first time at Manchester. 1893 - In New Zealand, the Electoral Act 1893 was consented to giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote. 1955 - Eva Marie Saint, Frank Sinatra and Paul Newman starred in the "Producer's Showcase" presentation of "Our Town" on NBC-TV. 1955 - Argentina President Juan Peron was ousted after a revolt by the army and navy. 1957 - The U.S. conducted its first underground nuclear test. The test took place in the Nevada desert. 1959 - Nikita Khruschev was not allowed to visit Disneyland due to security reasons. Khrushchev reacted angrily. 1960 - Cuban leader Fidel Castro, in New York to visit the United Nations, checked out of the Shelburne Hotel angrily after a dispute with the management. 1970 - "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" premiered on CBS-TV. 1982 - Scott Fahlman became the first person to use :-) in an online message. 1983 - Lebanese army units defending Souk el-Gharb were supported in their effort by two U.S. Navy ships off Beirut. 1984 - China and Britain completed a draft agreement transferring Hong Kong from British to Chinese rule by 1997. 1986 - U.S. health officials announced that AZT, though an experimental drug, would be made available to AIDS patients. 1988 - Israel successfully launched the Horizon-I test satellite. 1990 - Iraq began confiscating foreign assets of countries that were imposing sanctions against the Iraqi government. 1992 - The U.N. Security Council recommended suspending Yugoslavia due to its role in the Bosnian civil war. 1994 - U.S. troops entered Haiti peacefully to enforce the return of exiled President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. 1995 - The U.S. Senate passed a welfare overhaul bill. 1995 - The commander of American forces in Japan and the U.S. ambassador apologized for the rape of a schoolgirl committed by three U.S. servicemen. 1996 - The government of Guatemala and leftist rebels signed a peace treaty to end their long war. 2002 - In Ivory Coast, around 750 rebel soldiers attempted to overthrow the government. U.S. troops landed on September 25th to help move foreigners, including Americans, to safer areas. 2003 - It was reported that AOL Time Warner was going to drop "AOL" from its name and be known as Time Warner Inc. The company had announced its merger and name change on January 10, 2000.
1881 President James Garfield died of a gunshot wound inflicted by a disappointed office seeker the previous July 2. 1934 Bruno Hauptmann was arrested for the Lindbergh baby kidnap-murder. 1955 President Juan Peron of Argentina was deposed and exiled after a military coup. 1957 The United States conducted its first underground nuclear test in the Nevada desert. 1962 Gov. Ross Barnett blocked James Meredith from enrolling in the University of Mississippi. 1985 The Mexico City area was struck by the first of two devastating earthquakes that claimed thousands of lives. The second earthquake hit 36 hours later. 1994 U.S. troops entered Haiti to enforce the return of exiled president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. 2001 The Pentagon ordered combat aircraft to the Persian Gulf following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
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