http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Aug 21, 1944: The seeds of the United Nations are planted
On this day in 1944, representatives from the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China meet in the Dumbarton Oaks estate at Georgetown, Washington, D.C., to formulate the formal principles of an organization that will provide collective security on a worldwide basis—an organization that will become the United Nations.
Following up on a promise made at the Moscow Conferences of 1943 to create an international organization to succeed the League of Nations, the Dumbarton Oaks Conference began planning its creation. Step one was the outline for a Security Council, which would be composed of the member states (basically, the largest of the Allied nations)—the United States, the USSR, China, France, and Great Britain—with each member having veto power over any proposal brought before the Council.
Many political questions would remain to be hammered out, such as a specific voting system and the membership status of republics within the Soviet Union. A more detailed blueprint for the United Nations would be drawn up at both the Yalta Conference in February 1945, and the San Francisco Conference, which would produce the U.N. charter, also in 1945.
Aug 21, 1959: Hawaii becomes 50th state
The modern United States receives its crowning star when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a proclamation admitting Hawaii into the Union as the 50th state. The president also issued an order for an American flag featuring 50 stars arranged in staggered rows: five six-star rows and four five-star rows. The new flag became official July 4, 1960.
The first known settlers of the Hawaiian Islands were Polynesian voyagers who arrived sometime in the eighth century. In the early 18th century, American traders came to Hawaii to exploit the islands' sandalwood, which was much valued in China at the time. In the 1830s, the sugar industry was introduced to Hawaii and by the mid 19th century had become well established. American missionaries and planters brought about great changes in Hawaiian political, cultural, economic, and religious life. In 1840, a constitutional monarchy was established, stripping the Hawaiian monarch of much of his authority.
In 1893, a group of American expatriates and sugar planters supported by a division of U.S. Marines deposed Queen Liliuokalani, the last reigning monarch of Hawaii. One year later, the Republic of Hawaii was established as a U.S. protectorate with Hawaiian-born Sanford B. Dole as president. Many in Congress opposed the formal annexation of Hawaii, and it was not until 1898, following the use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the Spanish-American War, that Hawaii's strategic importance became evident and formal annexation was approved. Two years later, Hawaii was organized into a formal U.S. territory. During World War II, Hawaii became firmly ensconced in the American national identity following the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
In March 1959, the U.S. government approved statehood for Hawaii, and in June the Hawaiian people voted by a wide majority to accept admittance into the United States. Two months later, Hawaii officially became the 50th state.
On this day, Erachus became the Bishop of Luik. Minamotot Yoritomo becomes the real ruler in Japan. The pueblos took over Santa Fé from the Spanish. King Gustav III adopted a new Constitution, effectively ending parliamentary rule in Sweden, and giving himself power. Today also marks the anniversary of the first Lincoln-Douglas debate. Mighty Casey struck out. The first seeds of the United Nations were planted on this day in 1944. Hawaii became the 50th state to enter the American Union. Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya was freed from prison. Martial Law was declared in South Vietnam. A volcano in Cameroon released poison gases, killing around 2,000.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
959 - Erachus becomes bishop of Luik
1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de
facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: July 12, 1192)
1321 - 160 Jews of Chincon France, burned at stake
1560 - Tycho Brahe becomes interested in astronomy
1598 - -22] Deed of Transfers proclaims Netherlands
independence
1673 - Sea battle at Kijkduin: De Ruyter defeats English
& French fleet
1680 - Pueblo Indians take possession of Santa Fé from
Spanish
1689 - The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.
1703 - Turkish army removes sultan Mustafa II
1718 - Emperor Karel VI, Turkey & Venice sign peace
treaty
1760 - The church (later cathedral) of "Our Lady of
Candlemas of Mayagüez (Puerto Rico)" is founded, establishing the basis
for the founding of the city.
1772 - King Gustav III completes his coup d'etat by adopting
a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and
installing himself as an enlightened despot.
1808 - Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led
by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General
Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first
Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.
1810 - Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is
elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
1821 - Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship,
Eliza Frances.
1831 - Nat Turner slave revolt kills 55 (Southampton County,
Virginia)
1841 - John Hampton patents venetian blind
1842 - The city of Hobart, Tasmania, is founded.
1852 - Tlingit Indians destroy Fort Selkirk, Yukon
Territory.
1856 - America's first consul to Japan, Townsend Harris, arrives in
Shimoda. (Traditional Japanese date: July 21, 1856)
1858 - 1st Lincoln-Douglas debate (Illinois)
1862 - The Vienna Stadtpark opens its gates.
1863 - Raid at Lawrence KS by William Quantrill
1864 - BBT Charleston, SC [->DEC 31]
1864 - Battle at Globe Tavern, Virginia, ends after 2500
casualties
1864 - Battle of Grubbs Crossroads, KY
1864 - Battle of Summit Point, VA
1864 - Gen-major Nathan B Forrests assault on Memphis,
Tennessee
1878 - American Bar Association organizes at Sarasota, NY
1878 - Edward Pooley completes record 8 stumpings in a
cricket match
1879 - The Virgin Mary, along with St. Joseph and St. John
the Evangelist, reportedly appears to the people of Knock, County Mayo,
Ireland.
1883 - Providence shuts out Phillies 28-0
1887 - Mighty (Dan) Casey struck-out in a game with NY
Giants!
1888 - William Seward Burroughs patents adding machine
1891 - Dutch Mackay government resigns
1897 - Oldsmobile begins operation as a General Motors Corp
division
1901 - 21st US Mens Tennis: William Larned beats Beals C
Wright (62 68 64 64)
1901 - Joe McGinnity, suspended from NL for punching &
spitting on an ump
1912 - Mr Carter-Cotton chosen 1st chancellor of Univ of
British Columbia
1914 - 20th US Golf Open: Walter Hagen shoots a 290 at
Midlothian CC Ill
1914 - Belgium: German troops occupy Tamines
1914 - French offensive in the Ardennen/Sambre
1915 - Italy declares war on Turkey in World War One
1920 - 3rd PGA Championship: Jock Hutchison at Flossmoor CC
Flossmoor Ill
1922 - Curly Lambeau & Green Bay Football Club granted
NFL franchise
1925 - BV Emmen soccer team forms
1926 - -22] Uprising against Greek president/dictator
Pangalos
1926 - White Sox Ted Lyons no hits Red Sox 6-0 in just 67
minutes at Fenway
1927 - 4th Pan-African Congress meets (NYC)
1929 - Chicago Cardinals become 1st pro football team to
train out of town
1930 - Prohibition of Wieringermeer finished
1931 - Babe Ruth hits his 600th HR,
off George Blaeholder of Browns
1932 - Wes Ferrell is 1st to win 20 games in each of his 1st
4 seasons
1933 - Ruth's homer leads AL to a 4-2 win in 1st All Star
Game
1936 - Red Sox Wes Ferrell, walks off mound when he feels he
did no get good feilding, Sox suspend him
1938 - Italy bars all Jewish teachers in Public & High
School
1942 - Alpine hunters plant German flag on Elbroezgebergte,
Kaukasus
1942 - Transport nr 22 departs with French Jews to
nazi-Germany
1942 - World War II: a Nazi flag is installed atop the Mount
Elbrus.
1943 - Gromyko named USSR-ambassador in Washington
1943 - Japan leaves Aleutian Islands
1944 - Germans storm up Hill 262 (Mont Ormel) Normandy
1944 - Grieg/Work/Forest's musical "Song of
Norway," premieres in NYC
1944 - Raid on Jewish childrens house in Secrétan/St-Mandé
1944 - US 12nd Army corp occupies Sens
1945 - Pres Harry Truman ends Lend-Lease program
1947 - 1st Little League World Series Maynard Midgets of
Williamsport PA win
1948 - Indians 47-inning scoreless streak broken by White
Sox Aaron Robinson
1949 - Phila fans cause A's to forfeit game when they riot
over a trapped line drive by Rich Ashburn, Giants leading 4-2 in 9th declared
winners
1953 - Baseball player reps Ralph Kiner (NL) & Allie
Reynolds (AL) hire John Norman Lewis at $15,000 to give legal advice to players
in negotiation
1953 - Marion Carl in Douglas Skyrocket reaches record
25,370 m
1953 - Sultan Sidi Mohammed Am Joessoef V of Morocco deposed
1956 - WTVW TV channel 7 in Evansville, IN (ABC) begins
broadcasting
1957 - 1st launching in Baikonur, Kazachstan (R7
"Semiorka"-rocket)
1958 - KUT-FM in Austin Texas begins radio transmissions
1959 - Hawaii becomes 50th US state
1961 -
Jomo Kenyatta freed from prison in Kenya
1962 - Verne Gagne beats Mister M (doctor X) in Minn, to
become NWA champ
1963 - Jerry Lynch's record 15th pinch-hit HR gives Pirates
a 7-6 win
1963 - Martial law declared in S Vietnam, following raids on
Buddhist pagodas
1965 - Gemini 5 launched into Earth orbit (2 astronauts)
1965 - Romania adopts constitution
1965 - The Crusher beats Mad Dog Vachon in St Paul, to
become NWA champ
1966 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Women's Western Golf Open
1967 - China reports downing of 2 US bombers
1967 - Ken Harrelson becomes baseball's 1st free agent
1967 - Liquid gas tanker explodes in Martelange Belgium, 22
killed
1967 - Mikis Theodorakis arrested in Greece
1968 - After 5 years Russia once again jams Voice of America
radio
1968 - Democratic Convention opens in Chicago
1968 - Marine James Anderson Jr is 1st black Medal of Honor
winner
1968 - Radio Prague (Czech) at 12:50 AM announces a soviet
led invasion
1968 - Warsaw Pact forces enter Czechoslovakia to end reform
movement
1968 - William Dana reaches 80 km (last high-altitude X-15
flight)
1969 - Fire in Al-Aksa-mosque in Jerusalem
1972 - 1st hot air balloon flight over Alps
1972 - British harbor strike ends
1972 - Grace Slick maced by police when a band official
called cops, pigs
1972 - Republican convention opens in Miami Beach
1972 - US orbiting astronomy observatory Copernicus launched
1975 - 3 truck pile up kills 10, injures 26 on French
highway
1975 - Rick & Paul Reuschel become 1st brothers to pitch
a combined shut out
1975 - US lightens trade embargo against Cuba
1976 - Al Bumbry hits 17th inside-the-park HR in Oriole
history
1976 - Battle East Sussex: Mary Langdon becomes 1st British
firewoman
1976 - Operation Paul Bunyan at Panmunjeom, Korea.
1977 - Debbie Austin wins LPGA Wheeling Golf Classic
1977 - Donna Patterson Brice sets high speed water skiing
rec (111.11 mph)
1978 - 1st gay theme telefilm - Matlovich vs US Air Force
1979 - Mets win a protested game against Astros, 5-0
1980 - Linda Ronstadt opens in "Pirates of
Penzance" on Broadway
1982 - Palestinian terrorists are dispersed from Beirut
1982 - Rollie Fingers (Brewers) becomes 1st pitcher to get
save #300
1983 - "La Cage aux Folles" opens at Palace
Theater NYC for 1761 performances
1983 - 110°F (43°C) at Fayetteville, North Carolina (state
record)
1983 - Joanne Carner wins LPGA Chevrolet World Championship
of Women's Golf
1985 - Mary Decker Slaney runs mile in world record 4:16.71
1985 - NY Lotto pays $41 million to three winner (#s are
14-17-22-23-30-47)
1986 - "Rags" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC
for 4 performances
1986 - Ian Botham takes world-record 356th Test Cricket wkt
(v NZ, The Oval)
1986 - Lake Nios Volcano in Cameroon kills 1,746
1986 - Red Sox Spike Owens scores 6 runs in a 24-5 rout of
Cleve Indians
1986 - Surinames Ronnie Brunswijks Jungle commandos kill 2
government officials
1986 - Volcanic eruption in Cameroon releases poison gas,
killing 2,000
1986 - With 2 outs in 6th inning, Red Sox score 11 runs
1987 - "Mack Lobell" set harness racing's trotting
mil (1:52)
1987 - Clayton Lonetree, 1st marine court-martialed for
spying, convicted
1987 - Silke Horneer swims female world record 100m
breaststroke (1:07.91)
1988 - Cease fire between Iran & Iraq takes effect after
8 years of war
1988 - Juli Inkster wins LPGA Atlantic City Golf Classic
1989 - Voyager 2 begins a flyby of planet Neptune
1991 - Communist coup is crushed in USSR in 2 days
1991 - Latvia declares it's independence from USSR
1993 - NASA loses contact with Mars Observer
1994 - -23] Typhoon Fred ravages Chinese county Zhejiang,
700+ killed
1994 - Ernesto Zedillo wins Mexican presidential election
1994 - Jane Geddes wins LPGA Chicago Golf Challenge
1994 - Royal Air Maroc ATR-42 crash down at Agadir, 44
killed
1995 - US marshals move in on Randy Weaver's cabin in Idaho
1996 - "Hughie," opens at Circle in Sq Theater NYC
1996 - Christie Lee Woods, 18, of Texas, crowned 14th Miss
Teen USA
1996 - Netscape Browser 3.0 is released
1997 - Typhoon Winnie kills 140, injures 3,000 in East China
1997 - US government forces closure of Hudson Foods due to E
Coli break out
2000 - Tiger Woods wins golf's PGA
Championship to become the first golfer since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win 3 majors
in a calendar year. He ties the to-par record for the PGA (-18) with Bob May,
and wins in a playoff
2001 - NATO decides to send a peace-keeping force to the
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
2001 - The Red Cross announces that a famine is striking
Tajikistan, and calls for international financial aid for Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan.
2007 - Hurricane Dean makes its first landfall in Costa
Maya, Mexico with winds at 165 mph. Dean is the first storm since Hurricane
Andrew to make landfall as a Category 5.
2012 - 20 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo die
from the Ebola virus
2017 - Next total solar eclipse visible from North America
1680 - The Pueblo Indians drove the Spanish out and took possession of Santa Fe, NM. 1831 - Nat Turner, a former slave, led a violent insurrection in Virginia. He was later executed. 1841 - A patent for venetian blinds was issued to John Hampton. 1878 - The American Bar Association was formed by a group of lawyers, judges and law professors in Saratoga, NY. 1888 - The adding machine was patented by William Burroughs. 1912 - Arthur R. Eldred became the first American boy to become an Eagle Scout. It is the highest rank in the Boy Scouts of America. 1923 - In Kalamazoo, Michigan, an ordinance was passed forbidding dancers from gazing into the eyes of their partner. 1943 - Japan evacuated the Aleutian island of Kiaska. Kiaska had been the last North American foothold held by the Japanese. 1945 - U.S. President Truman ended the Lend-Lease program that had shipped about $50 billion in aid to America's Allies during World War II. 1959 - Hawaii became the 50th state. U.S. President Eisenhower also issued the order for the 50 star flag. 1963 - In South Vietnam, martial law was declared. Army troops and police began to crackdown on the Buddhist anti-government protesters. 1971 - Laura Baugh, at the age of 16, won the United States Women's Amateur Golf tournament. She was the youngest winner in the history of the tournament. 1984 - Victoria Roche, a reserve outfielder, became the first girl to ever compete in a Little League World Series game. 1984 - Clint Eastwood was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1989 - Voyager 2, a U.S. space probe, got close to the Neptune moon called Triton. 1991 - The hard-line coup against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev ended. The uprising that led to the collapse was led by Russian federation President Boris Yeltsin. 1992 - NBC News fired Authur Kent two weeks after he refused an assignment to war-torn Croatia. 1993 - NASA lost contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft. The fate of the spacecraft was unknown. The mission cost $980 million. 1994 - Ernesto Zedillo won the Mexican presidential election. 1996 - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was signed by U.S. President Clinton. The act made it easier to obtain and keep health insurance. 1997 - Hudson Foods Inc. closed a plant in Nebraska after it had recalled 25 million pounds of ground beef that was potentially contaminated with E. coli 01557:H7. It was the largest food recall in U.S. history. 1997 - Afghanistan suspended its embassy operations in the United States. 1997 - Cicely Tyson received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1998 - Wesley Snipes received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 2002 - In Pakistan, President General Pervez Musharraf unilaterally amended the Pakistani constitution. He extended his term in office and granted himself powers that included the right to dissolve parliament. 2003 - In Ghana, businessman Gyude Bryant was selected to oversee the two-year power-sharing accord between Liberia's rebels and the government. The accord was planned to guide the country out of 14 years of civil war
1680 Pueblo Indians drove out the Spanish and took possession of Santa Fe, N.M. 1831 Nat Turner led an insurrection of slaves in Virginia. 1858 The famous debates between Senator Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln began in Illinois. 1911 The Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre museum in France by an Italian waiter, Vicenzo Perruggia. 1940 Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky died in Mexico City. 1945 Harry S. Truman announced the end of the Lend-Lease Program. 1959 Hawaii became the 50th state in the United States. 1983 Corazon Aquino's husband Benigno, who was Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos's chief political opponent, was assassinated. 1991 Latvia declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/aug21.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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