Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in 1542, Princess Mary Stuart succeeded her father James V to become Queen Mary I of Scotland at just 6 days old. In 1774 on this day, the first major military incident of American Revolution took place when local Patriots led by John Langdon took control of Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. George Washington died on this day in 1799. On this day in 1911, Norwegian Roald Amundsen became the first explorer to reach the South Pole, beating his British rival, Robert Falcon Scott. Greece formally took possession of Crete on this day in 1913. The USSR expelled from the League of Nations on this day in 1939 in response to the Soviets' invasion of Finland on October 30. On this day in 1961, American President John F. Kennedy announced his intent to increase aid to South Vietnam. In 1981 on this day, Israel formally annexed the Golan Heights. On this day in 1990, African National Congress (ANC) President Oliver Tambo returned to South Africa following 30 years in exile. On this day in 1995, the presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia signed the Dayton Accords to end fighting in Bosnia. In 2012 on this day, a gunman killed 20 young children and six adults at Newtown, Connecticut, at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
644 - Osman ibn Affan appointed 3rd kalief of islam
867 - Adrian II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
872 - John VIII elected as Catholic Pope
1124 - Theobald Buccapecus elected Pope Coelestinus II (he refuses)
1287 - Zuider Zee seawall collapses with loss of 50,000 lives
1542 - Princess Mary Stuart succeeds her father James V and becomes Queen Mary I of Scotland at 6 days old
1575 - Polish Parliament selects Istvan Bathory as king of Poland
1582 - Zealand/Brabant Neth adopt Gregorian calendar, tomorrow is 12/25
1600 - Olivier van Noort sinks Sp galleon San Diego at Bay of Manila, 350 die
1656 - Artificial pearls 1st manufactured by M Jacquin in Paris made of gypsum pellets covered with fish scales
1702 - The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.
1708 - Prosper Jolyot's "Electre," premieres in Paris
1774 - Portsmouth, New Hampshire militiamen successfully attacked arsenal of Ft William & Mary
1782 - Charleston, SC evacuated by British
1793 - 1st state road authorized, Frankfort, Ky to Cincinnati
1798 - David Wilkinson of Rhode Island patents a nut & bolt machine
1819 - Alabama admitted to Union as 22nd state
1825 - Decembrist uprising in Russia against Tsar Nicholas I begins
1836 - The Toledo War unofficially ends.
Queen of Scotland Mary StuartQueen of Scotland Mary Stuart 1849 - 1st chamber music group in US gives their 1st concert (Boston)
1863 - Battle of Bean's Station-Confederacy repulses Union in Tenn
1882 - Henry Morton Stanley returns to Brussels from the Congo
1889 - American Academy of Political & Social Science organized, Phila
1894 - Day One 1st Test Cricket Aus v Eng Aust 5-346 (Giffen 161, Gregory 85)
1894 - Test Cricket debut of Joe Darling, Ernie Jones, Archie MacLaren
1896 - The Glasgow Underground Railway is opened by the Glasgow District Subway Company.
1900 - Quantum Mechanics: Max Planck presents a theoretical derivation of his black-body radiation law.
1901 - 1st table tennis tournament is held (London Royal Aquarium)
1903 - Reg Foster completes 287 England v Australia on Test Cricket debut
1907 - The schooner Thomas W. Lawson runs aground and founders near the Hellweather's Reef within the Scilly Isles in a gale. The pilot and 15 seamen die.
1911 - South Pole 1st reached, by Norwegian Roald Amundsen
1913 - Greece formally takes possession of Crete
1914 - Lisandro de la Torre and others found the Democratic Progressist Party (Partido Demócrata Progresista, PDP) at the Hotel Savoy, Buenos Aires.
1915 - Jack Johnson is 1st black world heavyweight boxing champion
1917 - UFA, Universal Film AG, forms in Germany
Composer Giacomo PucciniComposer Giacomo Puccini 1918 - Giacomo Puccini's opera "Il Trittico," premieres in NYC
1920 - Jack Dempsey KOs Bill Brennan in 12 for heavyweight boxing title in NYC
1923 - Gerard K "Simon" van het Reve, Dutch writer (Evenings)
1924 - Chiang Kai-shek occupies Hankou
1924 - Respighi's symphony "Pini di Roma," premieres in Paris
1926 - Danish Madsen government, forms
1927 - Iraq gains independence from Britain, but British troops remain
1928 - 2nd Test Cricket Australia v England starts with Bradman 12th man
1929 - Alexander Zaimis elected pres of Greece
1930 - NY Giants defeat Notre Dame 22-0 in a charity game
1931 - 1st assembly of Anton Musserts NSB in Utrecht
1932 - French government of Herriot falls
1933 - Josephine Baker performs in Amsterdam
1934 - 1st streamlined steam locomotive introduced (Albany NY)
1935 - Test Cricket debut of "Chuck" Fleetwood-Smith v South Africa, Durban
Heavyweight Boxing Champion Jack DempseyHeavyweight Boxing Champion Jack Dempsey 1937 - Japanese troops conquer/plunder Nanjing
1938 - AL permits Cleveland & Philadelphia to play night games
1938 - Major leagues agrees on standard ball
1938 - Major leagues disagree on increasing rosters from 23 to 25
1938 - Will Harridge is elected to a 10-year-term as AL president
1939 - Soviet Union attacks Finland-League of Nations drops Soviet Union
1941 - 1st NFL division playoff, Bears beat Packers 33-14
1941 - Premier Winston Churchill travels to US on board HMS Duke of York
1941 - U-557 torpedoes British cruiser Galatea
1944 - Begin(ning) Liese-Aktion: werving of labor force for Germany
1944 - Congress establshes rank of General of Army (5-star General)
1944 - German occupiers forbid use of electricity in parts of Holland
1945 - Elmer Rice' "Dream Girl," premieres in NYC
1946 - "Three to Make Ready" closes at Adelphi Theater NYC after 323 perfs
1946 - Togo made a trusteeship territory of UN
Soldier, author, journalist, politician Winston ChurchillSoldier, author, journalist, politician Winston Churchill 1946 - UN General Assembly votes to establish UN HQs in NYC
1947 - Cleveland Browns beat NY Yankees 14-3 in AAFC championship game
1947 - The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is founded in Daytona Beach, Florida.
1950 - "Bless You All" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 84 perfs
1950 - UN Gen Assembly establishes High Comm for Refugees (Nobel 1954)
1950 - Baseball owners choose Lou Perini (Braves), Phil Wrigley (Cubs), Del Webb (Yankees), & Ellis Ryan (Indians) to select new commissioner
1952 - KROD (now KDBC) TV channel 4 in El Paso, TX (CBS) begins broadcasting
1952 - R H Shodhan scores 110 on Test Cricket debut v Pakistan, Calcutta
1952 - Uprising of captives in Pongam South Korea, 82 die
1953 - Brooklyn Dodgers sign pitcher Sandy Koufax
1954 - WOAY TV channel 4 in Oak Hill-Beckley, WV (ABC) begins broadcasting
1955 - Dutch Reformed Church condemns woman/wife as vicar
1955 - Tappan Zee Bridge in NY opens to traffic
1956 - Paul-Henri Spaak appointed secretary-general of NATO
1957 - "Most Happy Fella" closes at Imperial Theater NYC after 678 perfs
1957 - "Rumple" closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 45 performances
1959 - Archbishop Makarios proclaimed president of Cyprus
1959 - J B Jordan in F-104C sets world altitude record, 31,513m
1960 - Australia v West Indies 1st Test Cricket at the Gabba ends in a tie
1960 - Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) forms
1960 - Washington Senators joins American League
Statue of American president John F. Kennedy in Forth Worth, Texas
On this day in 1961, American President John F. Kennedy announced his intent to increase aid to South Vietnam.
1961 - Jimmy Dean's "Big Bad John" is 1st country song to get a gold record
1962 - Mariner 2 makes 1st US fly-by of another planet (Venus)
1962 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1963 - Verne Gagne beats The Crusher in Minneapolis, to become NWA champ
1964 - Michael Brown meets Rene Fladen, then writes "Walk Away Rene"
1965 - "La Grusse Valise" opens at 54th St Theater NYC for 7 performances
1967 - DNA created in a test tube
1969 - "La Strada" opens/closes at Lunt Fontanne NYC for 1 performance
1969 - Bishen Bedi takes 7-98 (career-best) v Australia at Calcutta
1969 - Jackson Five made their 1st appearance on "Ed Sullivan Show"
1971 - Golden Gate Bridge lights out all night due to power failure
1971 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1972 - Eugene Cernan & Harrison Schmitt leave the Moon
1972 - Willy Brandt re-elected West German chancellor
1974 - Islander Glenn Resch's 1st shut-out opponent-Kings 3-0
1974 - Viv Richards scores 1st Test Cricket ton 192 v India 20 fours 6 sixes
1975 - "Treemonisha" closes at Uris Theater NYC after 64 performances
1975 - 6 So Moluccan terrorists surrender, holding 23 hostages for 12 days
1975 - WCPR (Brooklyn New York pirate radio station) begins broadcasting on 1620 AM
1976 - Dutch 1st Chamber condemns Dutch Liberal/social dem abortion laws
1977 - "Saturday Night Fever,"starring John Travolta, premieres in NYC
1977 - Egypt & Israel reps gather in Cairo for 1st formal peace conference
1977 - Red Sox trade Fergie Jenkins to Rangers for John Poloni & cash
1977 - Test Cricket debut of Abdul Qadir, v England at Lahore
1977 - War criminal Pieter Menten sentenced in Amsterdam to 15 years
1978 - "Ballroom" opens at Majestic Theater NYC for 116 performances
1978 - China PR performs nuclear test at Lop Nor PRC
1978 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1979 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1980 - "Onward Victoria" opens/closes at Martin Beck NYC for 1 performance
1980 - Anders Kailur scores on 6th Islander penalty shot
1980 - At 2 PM EST there is 10 minutes of silence in memory of John Lennon
1980 - Minnesota Vikings pass for 456 yards against Cleveland Browns, winning 28-24
1980 - Nancy Lopez/Curtis Strange wins LPGA J C Penney Golf Classic
1980 - New Orleans Saints end 14 game losing streak, beat NY Jets 21-20
1980 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1981 - Israel annexes Golan Heights (seized from Syria in war of 1967)
1982 - Marcel Dionne, LA, becomes 9th NHLer to score 500 goals
1983 - "Peg" opens at Lunt-Fontanne Theater NYC for 5 performances
1984 - Sportscaster Howard Cosell retires from Monday Night Football
1985 - US Foreign Minister George Shultz arrives in West Berlin
1986 - Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan & Jeana Yeager, took off from Edwards AFB, California on 1st non-stop, non-refueled flight around world
1987 - Allan Border scores 205 v NZ to become Australia's top rungetter
1987 - Chrysler pleads no contest to selling driven vehicles as new
1988 - CBS' $1.1 B bid wins exclusive 1990-94 major-league baseball rights
1988 - NBA's Miami Heat wins 1st game ever, 89-88 (Clippers), after 17 loses
1988 - Spanish General strike to protest austerity measures
1988 - US agrees to talk to Palestine Liberation Org (1st time in 13 yrs)
Musician Louis JordanMusician Louis Jordan
A picture of the 9 metre tall statue of anti-apartheid activist Oliver Tambo outside of the major international airport that now is named after him (Oliver R Tambo International Airport) in Johannesburg, South Africa.
On this day in 1990, African National Congress (ANC) President Oliver Tambo returned to South Africa following 30 years in exile.
1990 - Louis Jordan's revue "Five Guys Named Moe," premieres in London
1990 - Right to Die case permits Nancy Cruzan to have her feeding tube removed, she dies 12 days later
1991 - 57th Heisman Trophy Award: Desmond Howard, Michigan (WR)
1991 - Ferry boat Salem Express sinks in Red Sea, 476 killed
1992 - Lennox Lewis given WBC title, when Riddick Bowe refused to fight him
1993 - Moslem fundamentalists murder 12 Kroates/Bosnians in Algeria
1995 - "Les Miserables" opens at Cable Hall, Helsinki
1995 - AIDS patient Jeff Getty recieves baboon bone marrow transplant
1995 - Yugoslav Wars: The Dayton Agreement is signed in Paris by leaders of various governments.
1996 - 12th Soap Opera Digest Awards
1996 - 62nd Heisman Trophy Award: Danny Wuerffel, Florida (QB)
1997 - "View From the Bridge," opens at Criterion Theater NYC
1997 - Diners Club Senior Golf Match
1997 - Juli Inkster & Dottie Pepper win LPGA Diners Club Matches
1997 - Phoenix Coyote Mike Gartner is 5th NHLer to score 700 goals
Heavyweight Boxing Champion Lennox LewisHeavyweight Boxing Champion Lennox Lewis 2003 - President of Pakistan Pervez Musharaf narrowly escapes an assassination attempt.
2003 - President George W. Bush announces the capture of Saddam Hussein.
2004 - The Millau viaduct, the highest bridge in the world, near Millau, France is officially opened.
2008 - President George W. Bush made his fourth and final (planned) trip to Iraq as president and almost struck by two shoes thrown at him by Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi during a farewell conference in Baghdad.
2012 - 28 people, including 20 children, are shot to death at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut
2012 - Australian Joel Parkinson wins the 2012 ASP World Tour
2012 - Gene Wolfe wins the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award
1503 - Physician, astrologer and clairvoyant Nostradamus was born at St. Remy, Provence, France. 1798 - David Wilkinson of Rhode Island patented the nut and bolt machine. 1799 - The first president of the United States, George Washington, died at the age 67. 1819 - Alabama joined the Union as the 22nd state. 1896 - Gen. James H. Doolittle, who led the first air raid on Japan during World War II, was born. 1900 - Professor Max Planck of Berlin University revealed his revolutionary Quantum Theory. 1903 - Orville Wright made the first attempt at powered flight. The engine stalled during take-off and the plane was damaged in the attempt. Three days later, after repairs were made, the modern aviation age was born when the plane stayed aloft for 12 seconds and flew 102 feet. 1911 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first man to reach the South Pole. He reached the destination 35 days ahead of Captain Robert F. Scott. 1918 - For the first time in Britain women (over 30) voted in a General Election. 1939 - The Soviet Union was dropped from the League of Nations. 1945 - Josef Kramer, known as "the beast of Belsen," and 10 others were executed in Hamelin for the crimes they committed at the Belsen and Auschwitz Nazi concentration camps. 1946 - The U.N. General Assembly voted to establish the United Nation's headquarters in New York City. 1959 - Archbishop Makarios was elected Cyprus' first president. 1962 - The U.S. space probe Mariner II approached Venus. It transmitted information about the planet's atmosphere and surface temperature. 1975 - Six South Moluccan terrorists surrendered to police after holding 23 people hostage for 12 days on a train near the Dutch town of Beilen. 1981 - Israel annexed the Golan Heights, seized from Syria in war in 1967. 1983 - The U.S. battleship New Jersey fired on Syrian positions in Lebanon for the first time after American F-14 reconnaissance flights were fired on. 1984 - Howard Cosell retired from the NFL's Monday Night Football. 1985 - Wilma Mankiller became the first woman to lead a major American Indian tribe as she formally took office as principal chief of the Cherokee Nation of OKlahoma. 1986 - The experimental aircraft Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, took off from California on the first non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world. The trip took nine days to complete. 1987 - Chrysler pled no contest to federal charges of selling several thousand vehicles as new when Chrysler employees had driven the vehicles with the odometer disconnected. 1988 - CBS won the exclusive rights to major league baseball's 1990-94 seasons for $1.1 billion. 1988 - The first transatlantic underwater fiber-optic cable went into service. 1990 - After 30 years in exile, ANC president Oliver Tambo returned to South Africa. 1993 - A judge in Colorado struck down the state's voter-approved Amendment Two prohibiting gay rights laws, calling it unconstitutional. 1993 - The United Mine Workers approved a five-year contract that ended a strike that had reached seven states and involved some of the nation's biggest coal operators. 1995 - The presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia signed the Dayton Accords to end fighting in Bosnia. 1995 - AIDS patient Jeff Getty received the first-ever bone-marrow transplant from a baboon. 1997 - Iran's newest president, Mohammad Khatami, called for a dialogue with the people of the United States. The preceding Iranian leaders had reviled the U.S. as "The Great Satan." 1997 - Mike Gartner (Phoenix Coyotes) became only the fifth player in National Hockey League (NHL) history to score 700 career goals. 1997 - Cuban President Fidel Castro declared Christmas 1997 an official holiday to ensure the success of Pope John Paul II's upcoming visit to Cuba. 1998 - Hundreds of Palestinian leaders renounced a call for the destruction of Israel. 1999 - U.S. and German negotiators agreed to establish a $5.2 billion fund for Nazi-era slave and forced laborers. 1999 - Charles M. Schulz announced he was retiring the "Peanuts" comic strip. The last original "Peanuts" comic strip was published on February 13, 2000. 2000 - It was announced that American businessman Edmond Pope would be released from a Russian prison for humanitarian reasons. Pope had been sentenced to 20 years in prison after his conviction on espionage charges. 2001 - European Union leaders agreed to dispatch 3,000-4,000 troops to join an international peacekeeping force in Afghanistan. 2001 - The first commercial export, since 1963, of U.S. food to Cuba began. The 24,000 metric tons for corn were being sent to replenish what was lost when Hurricane Michelle struck on November 4.
1799 George Washington died at age 67. 1819 Alabama became the 22nd state in the United States. 1911 Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first man to reach the South Pole, beating an expedition led by Robert F. Scott. 1939 The Soviet Union was dropped from the League of Nations. 1967 DNA synthesized for the first time. 1981 Israel formally annexed the Golan Heights. 1985 Wilma Mankiller became the first woman to lead a major American Indian tribe as she took office as principal chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. 1989 Nobel Peace laureate Andrei D. Sakharov died in Moscow at age 68. 2012 Adam Lanza, age 20, forced his way into Sandy Hook Elementary School, in Newtown, Connecticut, and killed 26 people. The victims included 20 children between the ages of six and seven.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/dec14.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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