http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
July 12, 1984: Ferraro named vice presidential candidate
Walter Mondale, the leading Democratic presidential candidate, announces that he has chosen Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate. Ferraro, a daughter of Italian immigrants, had previously gained notoriety as a vocal advocate of women's rights in Congress.
Four days after Ferraro was named vice presidential candidate, Governor Mario Cuomo of New York opened the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco with an impassioned retort to Republican President Ronald Reagan's contention that the United States was a "shining city on a hill." Citing widespread poverty and racial strife, Cuomo derided President Reagan as oblivious to the needs and problems of many of America's citizens. His enthusiastic keynote address inaugurated a convention that saw Ferraro become the first woman nominated by a major party for the vice presidency. However, Mondale, the former U.S. vice president under Jimmy Carter, proved a lackluster choice for the Democratic presidential nominee.
On November 6, President Reagan and Vice President George Bush defeated the Mondale-Ferraro ticket in the greatest Republican landslide in U.S. history. The Republicans carried every state but Minnesota--Mondale's home state.
Ferraro left Congress in 1985. In 1992 and 1998, she made unsuccessful bids for a U.S. Senate seat. During President Bill Clinton's administration, she was a permanent member on the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
Here was an interesting piece from the same website that I thought was revealing, and probably something relating to the Civil War that most Americans, perhaps even many who might consider themselves Civil War buffs, are not very aware of:
July 12, 1861: Confederacy signs treaties with Native Americans
Special commissioner Albert Pike completes treaties with the members of the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes, giving the new Confederate States of America several allies in Indian Territory. Some members of the tribes also fought for the Confederacy.
A Boston native, Pike went west in 1831 and traveled with fur trappers and traders. He settled in Arkansas and became a noted poet, author, and teacher. He bought a plantation and operated a newspaper, the Arkansas Advocate. By 1837 he was practicing law and often represented Native Americans in disputes with the federal government.
Pike was opposed to secession but nonetheless sided with his adopted state when it left the Union. As ambassador to the Indians, he was a fortunate addition to the Confederacy, which was seeking to form alliances with the tribes of Indian Territory. Besides the agreements with the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes, Pike also engineered treaties with the Creek, Seminole, Comanche, and Caddos, among others.
Ironically, many of these tribes had been expelled from the Southern states in the 1830s and 1840s but still chose to ally themselves with those states during the war. The grudges they held against the Confederate states were offset by their animosity toward the federal government. Native Americans were also bothered by Republican rhetoric during the 1860 election. Some of Abraham Lincoln's supporters, such as William Seward, argued that the land of the tribes in Indian Territory should be appropriated for distribution to white settlers. When the war began in 1861, Secretary of War Simon Cameron ordered all posts in Indian Territory abandoned to free up military resources for use against the Confederacy, leaving the area open to invasion by the Confederates.
By signing these treaties, the tribes severed their relationships with the federal government, much in the way the southern states did by seceding from the Union. They were accepted into the Confederates States of America, and they sent representatives to the Confederate Congress. The Confederate government promised to protect the Native American's land holdings and to fulfill the obligations such as annuity payments made by the federal government.
Some of these tribes even sent troops to serve in the Confederate army, and one Cherokee, Stand Watie, rose to the rank of brigadier general.
And here's a bit on World War II on this date, the anniversary of a major Soviet victory over the Germans:
July 12, 1943: Russians halt German advance in a decisive battle at Kursk
On this day in 1943, one of the greatest clashes of armor in military history takes place as the German offensive against the Russian fortification at Kursk, a Russian railway and industrial center, is stopped in a devastating battle, marking the turning point in the Eastern front in the Russians' favor.
The Germans had been driven from Kursk, a key communications center between north and south, back in February. By March, the Russians had created a salient, a defensive fortification, just west of Kursk in order to prevent another attempt by the Germans to advance farther south in Russia. In June, the German invaders launched an air attack against Kursk; on the ground, Operation Cottbus was launched, ostensibly dedicated to destroying Russian partisan activity, but in reality resulting in the wholesale slaughter of Russian civilians, among whom Soviet partisan fighters had been hiding. The Russians responded with air raids against German troop formations.
By July, Hitler realized that the breaking of the Russian resistance at Kursk was essential to pursuing his aims in Soviet Russia and the defense of Greater Germany, that is, German-occupied territory outside prewar German borders. "This day, you are to take part in an offensive of such importance that the whole future of the war may depend on its outcome," Hitler announced to his soldiers on July 4. But on July 5, the Russians pulled the rug out from under Hitler's offensive by launching their own artillery bombardment. The Germans counterattacked, and the largest tank battle in history began: Between the two assailants, 6,000 tanks were deployed. On July 12, 900 Russian tanks clashed with 900 German (including their superior Tiger tanks) at Prokhorovka—the Battle of Kursk's most serious engagement. When it was all over, 300 German tanks, and even more Russian ones, were strewn over the battlefield. "The earth was black and scorched with tanks like burning torches," reported one Russian officer. But the Russians had stopped the German advance dead in its tracks. The advantage had passed to the East. The Germans' stay in Soviet territory was coming to an end.
The city of Tripoli was occupied on this day during the Crusades. French troops occupied Flanders. The Ostrog Bible, the first Bible published in a Slavic language) was printed on this date. Hamiloton died from his wounds from Burr during their infamous duel (held right here in New Jersey!). The Confederation of the Rhine was established on this day. Joseph Smith assured Moromons that God aproved of polygamy. A treaty was signed between Confederate forces and natives. Womane's suffrage was approved in Australia. Alfred Dreyfus was found innocent in France, during that country's epic courtcase (the Zimmerman trial of it's day), when the extent of the strong anti-semitic feelings by many French were revealed. the first tennis match was televised on this day, and Moscow was first bombed by the German Luftwaffe. the United States recognized the authority of Charles De Gaulle in France. East Germany formed an army. Eisenhower proposed a modernization of the interstate highway system (you can still see the signs for these highways when driving around on them these days). Congo, Chad, and the Central African Republic all gained their independence from France on this date. The Etch-A-Sketch first went on sale. Sao Tomé e Príncipe gained independence from Portugal. Walter Mondale essentially secured the Democratic Nominantion in 1984 when he nominated Geraldine Ferraro, although he would go on to lose horribly, in record fashion, against President Reagan in the general election. For the first time in twnty years, a Soviet delgation landed in Israel. Boris yeltsin rsigned from the Communist party. France shocked Brazil in the World Cup Final to clinch it's first ever championship in 1998, in front of their home fans.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
526 - St Felix IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1096 - Crusaders under Peter the Hermit reached Sofia, Bulgaria. There they met their Byzantine escort, which brought them safely the rest of the way to Constantinople. by August 1.
1109 - Crusaders capture Syria's harbor city of Tripoli
1191 - Richard Coeur de Lion & Crusaders defeat Saracens in Palestine
1191 - Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year siege of Acre. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of the Third Crusade leaders Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Leopold V of Austria on the city's walls and towers.
1290 - Jews are expelled from England by order of King Edward I
1442 - King Alfonso V of Aragon becomes king of Naples
1537 - Battle of Albancay: Diego de Almagro defeated by army led by Alonso de Alvarado on behalf of Francisco Pizarro
1542 - French troops under Maarten van Rossem occupies Flanders
1543 - England's King Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr.
1549 - English boer army occupies Norwich
1580 - Ostrog Bible, the first printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
1627 - English fleet under George Villiers lands on the Rhe [NS=June 22]
1630 - New Amsterdam's governor buys Gull Island from Indians for cargo, renames it Oyster Island, it is later known as Ellis Island
1679 - Britain's King Charles II ratified Habeas Corpus Act
1689 - Orangeman's Day-Battle of Boyne, Protestant victory in Ireland
1690 - Battle of Boyne (in Ireland)-Protestant forces led by King William III of Orange defeated the Roman Catholic army of King James II.
1691 - William III defeated the allied Irish and French armies at the Battle of Aughrim, Ireland.
1691 - Antonio Pignatelli elected as Pope Innocentius XII
1691 - Battle of Aughrim (Aghrim) England, William III beats James II
1700 - Gelderland accepts Gregorian calendar; yesterday is June 30, 1700
1704 - Stanislaw Leszcynski becomes king of part of Poland Conquistador Diego de AlmagroConquistador Diego de Almagro
1730 - Lorenzo Corsini chosen as Pope Clemens XII
1745 - Warship Elisabeth joins Bonnie Prince Charlies frigate Doutelle [NS]
1771 - James Cook sails Endeavour back to Downs England
1774 - Citizens of Carlisle Penn, pass a declaration of independence
1774 - Cossack leader Emilian Pugachevs army occupies Kazan
1776 - Capt Cook departs with Resolution for 3rd trip to Pacific Ocean
1785 - First manned flight by gas balloon in Netherlands
1790 - The French Assembly approved a Civil Constitution providing for the election of priests and bishops.
1801 - Battle at Algeciras: British fleet beats French & Spanish
1804 - Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies after being shot in a duel.
1806 - The Confederation of the Rhine was established in Germany.
1812 - US forces led by Gen Hull invade Canada (War of 1812)
1817 - First flower show held (Dannybrook, County Cork, Ireland)
1817 - Karl Drais von Sauerbronn demonstrates bicycle course
1843 - Mormon leader Joseph Smith say God OKs polygamy
1850 - Dutch 2nd Chamber accepts establishment of Provincial States
1859 - Paper bag manufacturing machine patents by William Goodale, Mass Religious Leader Joseph Smith JrReligious Leader Joseph Smith Jr
1862 - Federal troops occupy Helena Arkansas
1862 - The U.S. Congress authorized the Medal of Honor.
1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln witnessed the battle where Union forces repelled Jubal Early's army on the outskirts of Washington, DC.
1874 - Ontario Agricultural College founded
1874 - Start of Sherlock Holmes Adventure, "Gloria Scott" (BG)
1878 - Fever epidemic in New Orleans begin, it will kill 4,500
1882 - First ocean pier in US completed, Washington, DC
1898 - Jean-Baptiste Marchand hoists French flag in Fashoda Sudan
1900 - 114°F (46°C), Basin, Wyoming (state record)
1901 - Cy Young wins his 300th game
1902 - Australian parliament agrees to female suffrage
1906 - Alfred Dreyfus found innocent in France
1909 - 16th Amendment approved (power to tax incomes)
1912 - The first foreign-made film to premiere in America, "Queen Elizabeth", was shown.
1914 - Babe Ruth makes his baseball debut, pitches for Red Sox
1917 - The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona. Baseball Great Babe RuthBaseball Great Babe Ruth
1918 - Japanese battleship explodes in Bay of Tokayama, 500 killed
1918 - The Japanese Imperial Navy battle ship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
1920 - Lithuania and USSR sign peace treaty, Lithuania becomes independent rep
1920 - Panama Canal opens
1921 - Babe Ruth sets record of 137 career home runs
1921 - Indians (9) & Yankees (7) combine for an AL record 16 doubles
1926 - Guomindangleger draws against warlord Wu Peifu
1926 - Paavo Nurmi walks world record 4x1500m (16:26.2)
1927 - Babe Ruth hits 30th of 60 HRs
1928 - First televised tennis match
1930 - Bradman out for 334 in Test Cricket at Headingley, 383 mins, 46 fours
1931 - 45,715 fans in 35,000 seat Sportsman Park St Louis, help cause many ground ruled doubles, 11 in 1st game & 21 in 2nd game for 32. A major league baseball record for doubles was set betwen the teams, as they combined for a total of 23.
1932 - Hedley Verity establishes a first-class cricket record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm
1933 - A minimum wage of 40 cents an hour was established in the U.S.
1934 - US Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island abandoned
1934 - Willy de Supervise swims world record 400m (5:16.0)
1935 - Belgium recognizes Soviet Union
1937 - -13) Tupolev ANT-25 non-stop flight Moscow to San Jacinto Calif
1941 - Moscow was bombed by the German Luftwaffe for the first time.
1943 - Battle of Kolombangara (2nd battle of Gulf of Kula)
1943 - National Committee Freies Deutschland forms
1943 - Pope Pius XII receives German ambassador baron von Weizsacker
1943 - Russian offensive at Orel
1943 - Tank battle at Prochorowka - Russians beat Nazis, about 12,000 die
1944 - Theresienstadt Family camp disbands, with 4,000 people gased
1944 - US government recognizes authority of General De Gaulle
1945 - Cubs stop Braves Tommy Holmes modern-day NL hitting streak at 37 games
1946 - Benjamin Britten's "Rape of Lucretia," premieres in Glyndebourne
1946 - Vance Dinges hits only Phillie pinch hit inside-the-park HR
1946 - "The Adventures of Sam Spade" was heard on ABC radio for the first time.
1948 - 1st jets to fly across Atlantic (6 RAF de Havilland Vampires)
1949 - 16th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 11-7 at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn
1949 - Baseball owners agree to erect warning paths before each fence
1949 - Dutch KLM Constellation crashes near Bombay, 45 die
1949 - LA Rams sign Norm Van Brocklin
1950 - ILTF re-admit Germany & Japan in Davis Cup, Poland & Hungary withdraws
1950 - Hague Council of Annulment convicts German war criminals W Lages, FH Van de Funten & F Fischer to death
1951 - Mob tries to keep black family from moving into all-white Cicero Ill
1951 - NY Yankees Allie Reynolds no-hits Cleve Indians, 8-0
1952 - East German SED decides to form German DR army
1953 - KTVB TV channel 7 in Boise, ID (NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting
1954 - Major League Baseball Players Association founded
1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed a interstate highway modernization program, with costs to be shared by federal and state governments.
1954 - The Major League Baseball Players Association was organized in Cleveland, OH.
1955 - 22nd All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 6-5 in 12 at County Stad, Milw
1955 - Christian Democratic Party forms in Argentina
1957 - 1st President to fly in helicopter-Dwight Eisenhower
1957 - The U.S. surgeon general, Leroy E. Burney, reported that there was a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
1958 - "Li'l Abner" closes at St James Theater NYC after 693 performances
1958 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island
1959 - NBC uses cameras to show catchers signals during ankee-Red Sox game
1960 - Congo, Chad and the Central African Republic declare independence
1960 - Echo I, 1st passive satellite launched
1960 - USSR's Sputnik 5 launched with 2 dogs
1960 - XEWT TV channel 12 in Tijuana-San Diego, CA (IND) begins broadcasting
1960 - Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
1960 - The first Etch-A-Sketch went on sale.
1962 - Rolling Stones first performance (Marquee Club, London)
1966 - 10.51" (26.70 cm) of rainfall, Sandusky Ohio (state record)
1966 - 37th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 2-1 in 10 at Busch Stad, St Louis
1966 - All star MVP: Brooks Robinson (Balt Orioles)
1966 - Race riot in Chicago
1966 - US Treasury announces it will buy mutilated silver coins at silver bullion price at Philadelphia and Denver mints
1967 - 23 die in Newark race riot
1967 - Blacks in Newark, riot, 26 killed, 1500 injured & over 1000 arrested
1967 - Greek regime deprives 480 Greeks of their citizenship
1968 - Couve de Murville forms government in France
1968 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1970 - Blues-Rock singer Janis Joplin debuts in Kentucky
1970 - Tanzania signs contract with China for building Tanzam-railway
1970 - Thor Heyerdahl crosses Atl Ocean in "Ra" docks in Barbados
1971 - Juan Corona, indicted for 25 murders
1972 - Democrats nominated George McGovern for president in Miami Fla
1973 - A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
1974 - John Ehrlichman, a former aide to U.S. President Nixon, and three others were convicted of conspiring to violate the civil rights of Daniel Ellsberg's former psychiatrist.
1975 - Bob Taylor catches 7 in an innings, Derbyshire v Yorkshire
1975 - Sao Tomé e Príncipe gains independence from Portugal (Natl Day)
1976 - Ian Dury & Kilburns disband
1977 - John Edrich scores his 100th 100, Surrey v Derbyshire at The Oval
1978 - Sun Bank Building opens
1978 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1979 - Ian Palce joins Whitesnake
1979 - Kiribati, formerly the Gilbert Islands, gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
1979 - "Disco Demolition Night" at Comiskey Park, causes fans to go wild & causes White Sox to forfeit 2nd game of a doubleheader to Tigers
1982 - Britain announces it is returning 593 Argentine POWs
1982 - FEMA promises survivors of a nuclear war will get their mail
1982 - "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial" broke all box-office records by surpassing the $100-million mark of ticket sales in the first 31 days of its opening.
1982 - The last of the distinctive-looking Checker taxicabs rolled off the assembly line in Kalamazoo, MI.
1983 - Chad government troops reconquer Abéché
1984 - Democratic presidential candidate Walter F. Mondale named U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro of New York to be his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket.
1985 - "Singin' in the Rain" opens at Gershwin Theater NYC for 367 perfs
1985 - Doctors discover a cancerous growth in Pres Reagan's colon
1985 - STS 51-F launch scrubbed at T -3s because of main engine shutdown
1987 - First time in 20 years a delegation from USSR landed in Israel
1987 - 50 white South Africans meets ANCers in Dakar
1987 - Phillies Kent Tekulve pitches his 900th game in relief
1988 - 59th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 2-1 at Riverfront Stadium, Cin
1988 - All star MVP: Terry Steinbach (Oakland A's)
1988 - Margo Adams alleges Red Sox Wade Bogg's had an affair with her
1988 - USSR launches Phobos II for Martian orbit
1989 - NY Yankee pitching great Ron Guidry retires (170-91 .651, 3.29 ERA)
1990 - "Les Miserables," opens at National Theatre, Washington
1990 - Russian republic president Boris N. Yeltsin announced his resignation from the the Soviet Communist Party.
1990 - Chicago White Sox Melido Perez no-hits Yankees 8-0 in a rain shortened 6 inning game at Yankee Stadium (7th no-hitter of 1990)
1992 - Axl Rose arrested on riot charges in St Louis of Jul 2, 1991 concert
1993 - 7.8 earthquake hits Hokkaido Japan, 160 killed
1993 - Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical "Sunset Promenade" opens in London
1993 - Don Imus begins broadcasting to Boston on WEEI (590 AM)
1994 - 65th All Star Baseball Game: AL wins 7-8 at 3 Rivers Stad, Pitts
1994 - All star MVP: Fred McGriff (Atlanta Braves)
1994 - Nomination hearings for Steven Breyer for supreme court justice begins
1996 - Kirby Puckett, retires from Minnesota Twins
1996 - Michael Jordan signs a NBA contract for 1 year for $25 million
1996 - Start of 1st "Super 8's" tournament in Kuala Lumpur
1997 - Cubs play in their 5,000th consecutive gane with out being no-hit Basketball Superstar Michael JordanBasketball Superstar Michael Jordan
1997 - Pirates Francisco Cordova & Ricardo Rincon no-hit Astros 3-0 in 10 inn
1998 - 1.7 billion people watched soccer's World Cup finals between France and Brazil. France won the game, and it's first ever World Cup title, 3-0.
1999 - Walt Disney Co. announced that it was merging all of its Internet operations together with Infoseek into Go.com. Disney movies, music and books
2000 - Russia launched the Zvezda after two years of delays. The module was built to be the living quarters for the International Space Station (ISS.)
2000 - The movie "X-Men" premiered in New York.
2006 - Hezbollah initiates Operation True Promise.
2012 - 200 people are killed by the Syrian army in Tremseh
2012 - 90-155 people are killed after an oil tanker crashes and explodes in Okogbe, Rivers State, Nigeria
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul12.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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