On This Day in History - July 5 (incomplete)

Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

July 5, 1946: Bikini introduced   

On July 5, 1946, French designer Louis Reard unveils a daring two-piece swimsuit at the Piscine Molitor, a popular swimming pool in Paris. Parisian showgirl Micheline Bernardini modeled the new fashion, which Reard dubbed "bikini," inspired by a news-making U.S. atomic test that took place off the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean earlier that week.  

European women first began wearing two-piece bathing suits that consisted of a halter top and shorts in the 1930s, but only a sliver of the midriff was revealed and the navel was vigilantly covered. In the United States, the modest two-piece made its appearance during World War II, when wartime rationing of fabric saw the removal of the skirt panel and other superfluous material. Meanwhile, in Europe, fortified coastlines and Allied invasions curtailed beach life during the war, and swimsuit development, like everything else non-military, came to a standstill.  

In 1946, Western Europeans joyously greeted the first war-free summer in years, and French designers came up with fashions to match the liberated mood of the people. Two French designers, Jacques Heim and Louis Reard, developed competing prototypes of the bikini. Heim called his the "atom" and advertised it as "the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard's swimsuit, which was basically a bra top and two inverted triangles of cloth connected by string, was in fact significantly smaller. Made out of a scant 30 inches of fabric, Reard promoted his creation as "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard called his creation the bikini, named after the Bikini Atoll.  

In planning the debut of his new swimsuit, Reard had trouble finding a professional model who would deign to wear the scandalously skimpy two-piece. So he turned to Micheline Bernardini, an exotic dancer at the Casino de Paris, who had no qualms about appearing nearly nude in public. As an allusion to the headlines that he knew his swimsuit would generate, he printed newspaper type across the suit that Bernardini modeled on July 5 at the Piscine Molitor. The bikini was a hit, especially among men, and Bernardini received some 50,000 fan letters.  

Before long, bold young women in bikinis were causing a sensation along the Mediterranean coast. Spain and Italy passed measures prohibiting bikinis on public beaches but later capitulated to the changing times when the swimsuit grew into a mainstay of European beaches in the 1950s. Reard's business soared, and in advertisements he kept the bikini mystique alive by declaring that a two-piece suit wasn't a genuine bikini "unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring."  

In prudish America, the bikini was successfully resisted until the early 1960s, when a new emphasis on youthful liberation brought the swimsuit en masse to U.S. beaches. It was immortalized by the pop singer Brian Hyland, who sang "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini" in 1960, by the teenage "beach blanket" movies of Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon, and by the California surfing culture celebrated by rock groups like the Beach Boys. Since then, the popularity of the bikini has only continued to grow.

Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:

649 - St Martin I begins his reign as Catholic Pope

767 - Duke of Nepi names his brother (leek) Pope Constantine II

1054 - Brightest supernova (Crab Nebula) 1st reported

1294 - Pietro del Murrone elected as Pope Coelestinus V

1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance, the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England.

1436 - German emperor Sigismund signs peace with Hussieten

1450 - Pope Nicolas V names Walraven van Meurs bishop of Munster

1596 - English fleet under the earl of Essex plunder Cadiz 1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. 1626 - Battle at Lenz: Rebel Austrian Boers defeated 1643 - 1st recorded tornado in US (Essex County, Massachusetts) 1687 - Isaac Newton's PRINCIPIA published by Royal Society in England 1750 - Slave revolt on Curacao 1770 - Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. 1775 - US Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition. 1791 - Jose Maria Narvaez discovers Point Grey (now Vancouver BC) 1803 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king). 1808 - Battle of Buenos Aires 1809 - -6) Battle of Wagram - Napoleon beats archduke Charles Physicist & Mathematician Isaac Newton 1811 - Venezuela, 1st South American country to gain independence from Spain 1813 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin. 1814 - Americans defeat British & Canadians at Chippewa, Ontario 1830 - France invades Algeria, begins a 40 year conquest 1832 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin departs Rio de Janeiro 1834 - Provisional government forms in Oregon Country 1841 - Thomas Cook opens 1st travel agency 1843 - Committee of 9 appointed to establish civil government in Oregon Country 1859 - Capt N C Brooks discovers Midway Islands 1861 - Battle of Carthage, MO - US Gen Sigel attacks pro-secessionist 1863 - Battle of Jackson, MS & Battle of Birdsong Ferry, MS 1864 - Battle of Smith's Expedition, MS (Tupelo, Harrisburg) 1865 - Great Britain delegate's world 1st maximum speed laws 1865 - US Secret Service began operating under the Treasury Department 1871 - Trial against Kiowa chief Satanta (White Bear) & Big Tree, begins Naturalist Charles Darwin 1878 - The coat of arms of the Baku governorate was established. 1884 - German consul-general Gustav Nachtigal takes possession of Cameroon 1884 - US Congress accept 2nd Chinese Exclusion Act 1891 - Hail kills 6 horses in Rapid City, SD 1900 - Compulsory education law passes Dutch 1st Chamber 1902 - Australia won the one & only Test Cricket played at Sheffield 1904 - Giants 18-game winning streak ends as Phillies win 6-5 in 10 inn 1913 - Queen Wilhelmina meets SDAP-leader Troelstra 1914 - Boston Braves are 15 games back in NL, & win World Series 1914 - Germany offers Austria war aid to fight against Russia in Serbia 1919 - 32nd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: S Lenglen beats Chambers (10-8 46 97) 1919 - Red Sox Babe Ruth hits 2 HRs in a game for his 1st of 72 times 1922 - 1st general election in Netherlands 1922 - Uprising of social righteousness in Rio de Janeiro 1922 - Women 1st vote in Dutch elections, Christian parties win Baseball Great Babe Ruth 1924 - Military revolt in Sao Paulo Brazil 1929 - 42nd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Helen Moody beats Helen Jacobs (61 62) 1929 - WOWO-AM, Indiana returns to air, 1 day after transmitter burns down 1930 - 50th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bill Tilden beats W Allison (63 97 64) 1932 - Antonio de Oliveira Salazar becomes premier/dictator of Portugal 1933 - German party Catholic Center disbands 1934 - "Bloody Thursday" - Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco. 1935 - 1st "Hawaii Calls" radio program is broadcast 1935 - 1st time brothers on opposing teams hit HRs, Tony & Al Cuccunello 1935 - Chicago Cubs are 10½ games back in NL, & go on to win the pennant 1935 - FDR signs National Labor Relations Act 1936 - 120°F (49°C), Gannvalley, South Dakota (state record) 1937 - 117°F (47°C), Medicine Lake, Montana (state record) 1937 - Chicago Cub Frank Demaree gets 6 hits in 1st game & 2 in 2nd game 1937 - Joe DiMaggio's 1st grand slammer Yankee Clipper Joe DiMaggio 1937 - Republican offensive by Brunete in Spain 1937 - Spam, the luncheon meat, was introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation. 1938 - Herb Caen's 1st column in SF Chronicle 1940 - Diplomatic relations broken between Britain & Vichy government in France 1941 - German occupiers disband political parties 1942 - 1st performance of Heitor Villa-Lobos' Choros 6/9/11 1942 - Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada 1943 - Battle of Gulf of Kula 1943 - Battle of Koersk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks) 1943 - Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biskaye 1943 - US invasion fleet (96 ships) sails to Sicily 1944 - Harry Crosby takes 1st rocket airplane, MX-324, for maiden flight 1945 - Labour Party wins British parliamentary election 1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared. 1946 - Louis Reard's bikini swimsuit design debuts at Paris fashion show 1947 - "Barefoot Boy with Cheek" closes at Martin Beck NYC after 108 perfs

1947 - 54th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Margaret Osborne beat Doris Hart (62 64)

1947 - Larry Doby signs with Cleveland Indians-1st black player in AL

1948 - Britain's National Health Service Act begins

1949 - NY Giants purchase Monty Irvin & Henry Thompson, their 1st blacks

1950 - Law of Return passes, guarantees all Jews right to live in Israel

1951 - Dodgers sweep the Giants & lead by 7½ games (Giants will win pennant)

1951 - Dr William Shockley invents junction transistor (Murray Hill NJ)

1952 - "Of Thee I Sing" closes at Ziegfeld Theater NYC after 72 performances

1952 - 59th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Maureen Connolly beats L Brough (75 63)

1953 - WANC TV channel 21 in Asheville, NC (IND) begins broadcasting

1954 - B-52A bomber made its maiden flight

1954 - Last day of Test Cricket for Khalid Hassan aged 16 yrs, 356 days

1954 - The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.

1955 - English harbor strike ends

1956 - France raises tobacco tax 20% due to war in Algeria

1957 - 71st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Lew Hoad beats Ashley J Cooper (62 61 62)

1957 - Tom Graveney scores 258 v West Indies at Trent Bridge

1958 - 65th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Althea Gibson beats A Mortimer (86 62) 1958 - J Pengel forms government/Emanuels premier of Suriname

1958 - First ascent of Gasherbrum I, 11th highest peak on the earth. 1959 - Ben-Gurion's Israeli government resigns 1959 - Indonesia restores constitution 1959 - Jack Gelber's "Connection," premieres in NYC 1960 - Mongolia adopts constitution 1961 - 80 die in collisions in Algiers 1961 - KUSD TV channel 2 in Vermillion, SD (PBS) begins broadcasting 1961 - St Louis Cardinal Bill White hits 3 HRs & a double 1962 - 96 murder at massacre in Oran, Algeria 1962 - Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule 1962 - Mantle hits 2 homers en route to 4 consecutive homers 1963 - 1st Beatle tune to hit US charts, Del Shannon "From Me to You" at #87 1966 - NYC transit fare rises from 15 cents to 20 cents 1966 - National Guard mobilizes in Omaha after 3rd night of rioting 1966 - Saturn I rocket launched at Cape Kennedy 1967 - Congo uprising under Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme 1968 - "Manifest of 1000 words" published in Prague 1968 - 82nd Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Rod Laver beats Tony Roche (63 64 62) 1968 - John Lennon sells his psychedelic painted Rolls-Royce 1968 - Phila 76'ers trade Wilt Chamberlain to LA Lakers 1969 - 83rd Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Rod Laver beats J Newcombe (64 57 64 64) 1969 - Rolling Stones play a free concert in London's Hyde Park 1970 - 25th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Donna Caponi Young 1970 - Air Canada DC-8 crashes 7 miles from Toronto's airport killing 109 1971 - 26th amendment certified (reduces voting age to 18) 1971 - Simon Gray's "Butley," premieres in London 1972 - Pierre Messmer appointed French premier 1973 - "Live & Let Die," James Bond film premieres 1973 - Isle of Man begins issuing their own postage stamps 1973 - Maj Gen Juvenal Habyarimana becomes president of Rwanda 1973 - Rwanda military coup under general-major Habyalimana 1973 - Test Cricket umpiring debut of H D "Dickie" Bird v NZ at Leeds 1974 - 81st Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Chris Evert beats Olga Morzova (60 64) 1975 - 89th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Arthur Ashe beats J Connors (61 61 57 64) 1975 - Cape Verde Is gain independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule 1977 - Pakistan's army, led by Gen Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, seizes power 1978 - Soyuz 30 spacecraft touches down in Soviet Kazakhstan 1978 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1980 - 87th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Evonne Goolagong beats C Evert (61 76) 1980 - 94th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bjorn Borg beats McEnroe (16 75 63 67 86) 1981 - 9th du Maurier Golf Classic (Peter Jackson Classic): Jan Stephenson 1981 - Premier Begin's Likud party wins Israeli elections 1981 - Rajan Mahadevan recites 31,811 digits of π (Pi) from memory 1981 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1982 - Challenger flies to Kennedy Space Center via Ellington AFB, Texas 1982 - ICC Trophy record p/ship, 257 Schoonheim/Liffman, Hol v Malay 1983 - France invades Algeria 1983 - NJ Devils purchase AHL Maine Mariners as their farm team 1983 - Woman gives birth to baby 84 days after brain death (Roanoke, VA) 1984 - Supreme Court weakens 70-year-old "exclusionary rule"-evidence seized with defective court warrants can now be used in criminal trials Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe 1985 - Premier Mugabe wins Zimbabwe elections 1985 - Nicholas Mark Sanders (England) begins circumnavigation of globe, covering 13,035 road miles in 78 days, 3 hr, 30 min 1986 - 93rd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: M Navratilova beats H Mandlikova (76 63) 1986 - Ingrid Kristiansen of Norway sets 10K woman's record (30:13.74) 1986 - Nancy Reagan cuts red, white & blue ribbon; reopens Statue of Liberty 1986 - Statue of Liberty is reopened after it is refurbished 1987 - 101st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Pat Cash beats Ivan Lendl (76 62 75) 1987 - A's Mark McGwire is 1st rookie to hit 30 home runs before All Star break 1987 - Jane Geddes wins LPGA Jamie Farr Toledo Golf Classic 1988 - Malcolm Marshall takes 7-22 at Old Trafford, England all out 93 1989 - Barry Bond's HR sets father-son (Bobby) HR record at 408 1989 - Mark McGwire's gets 100th HR, 2nd fastest (1400 at bats) (to Kiner) 1989 - Rod Stewart hits his head while on stage & knocks himself out 1989 - South-African Pres Pieter Botha visits ANC leader Nelson Mandela 1989 - Toronto Blue Jays are 10 games back in AL, & go on to win AL East Tennis Player Steffi Graf 1990 - Zina Garrison upsets Steffi Graf in Wimbledon semi-finals 1991 - Colorado Rockies & Florida Marlins given final approval by owners 1991 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island 1991 - Lillian Cucuzza wins name Florida baseball team contest (Marlins) 1992 - 106th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Agassi beats Ivanisevic (67 64 64 16 64) 1992 - Patty Sheehan wins LPGA Jamie Farr Toledo Golf Classic 1992 - Sixto Durán Ballén elected president of Ecuador 1993 - A's Rickey Henderson is 2nd to hit leadoff homers in doubleheader 1993 - Kurd guerrilla's murder 32 villager in East Turkey 1993 - Richard Chelimo run world record 10 km (27:07.91)

1994 - Boxer Buster Douglas comes out of a diabetic coma

1994 - US changes refugee policy, by sending Haitian boat people back

1994 - The United States announced it would refuse further unrestricted immigration from Haiti.

1995 - Columbia U beats Hartferd College to be 1st US to win Henley Regatta

1996 - A's scores 13 in 1st vs Angels Anti-apartheid activist/South African President Nelson Mandela

1996 - NY Yank John Weteland ties Lee Smith's record of 19 consecutive saves

1997 - 104th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Martina Hingis beats Jana Novotna

1997 - NY Yanks withdraw Kenny Rogers & Mariano Duncon deal for SD Padre

2003 - SARS is declared to be contained by the WHO.

2004 - First Indonesian presidential election by the nation.

2006 - North Korea launched at least two short-range Nodong-2 missiles, one SCUD missile and one long-range Taepodong-2 missile.

 2006 - Emergency United Nations Security Council meeting held at the U.N in New York City because of the North Korean missile tests a day before.

2009 - Roger Federer wins a record 15th Grand Slam (tennis) in tennis, winning a five set match against Andy Roddick at Wimbledon.

2009 - Ethnic rioting broke out in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China

2012 - The Shard, the tallest building in Europe, is opened and stands at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft)

2012 - South Korea announce plans to begin "scientific' whaling of minke whales 2012 - Enrique Pena Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary Party is elected President of Mexico after a recount following irregularities



1806 - A Spanish army repelled the British during their attempt to retake Buenos Aires, Argentina.   1811 - Venezuela became the first South American country to declare independence from Spain.   1814 - U.S. troops under Jacob Brown defeated a superior British force at Chippewa, Canada.   1830 - France occupied the North African city of Algiers.   1832 - The German government began curtailing freedom of the press after German Democrats advocate a revolt against Austrian rule.   1839 - British naval forces bombarded Dingai on Zhoushan Island in China and then occupied it.   1863 - U.S. Federal troops occupied Vicksburg, MS, and distributed supplies to the citizens.   1865 - William Booth founded the Salvation Army in London.   1892 - Andrew Beard was issued a patent for the rotary engine.   1916 - Adelina and August Van Buren started on the first successful transcontinental motorcycle tour to be attempted by two women. They started in New York City and arrived in San Diego, CA, on September 12, 1916.   1935 - "Hawaii Call" was broadcast for the first time.   1935 - U.S. President Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act into law. The act authorized labor to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining.   1940 - During World War II, Britain and the Vichy government in France broke diplomatic relations.   1941 - German troops reached the Dnieper River in the Soviet Union.   1943 - The battle of Kursk began as German tanks attack the Soviet salient. It was the largest tank battle in history.   1946 - The bikini bathing suit, created by Louis Reard, made its debut during a fashion show at the Molitor Pool in Paris. Micheline Bernardini wore the two-piece outfit.   1947 - Larry Doby signed a contract with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first black player in the American League.   1948 - Britain's National Health Service Act went into effect, providing government-financed medical and dental care.   1950 - U.S. forces engaged the North Koreans for the first time at Osan, South Korea.   1951 - Dr. William Shockley announced that he had invented the junction transistor.   1962 - Algeria became independent after 132 years of French rule.   1975 - Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title when he defeated Jimmy Connors.   1984 - The U.S. Supreme Court weakened the 70-year-old "exclusionary rule," deciding that evidence seized with defective court warrants could be used against defendants in criminal trials.   1989 - Former U.S. National Security Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in the Iran-Contra affair. The convictions were later overturned.   1991 - Regulators shut down the Pakistani-managed Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in eight countries. The charge was fraud, drug money laundering and illegal infiltration into the U.S. banking system.   1995 - The U.S. Justice Department decided not to take antitrust action against Ticketmaster.   1998 - Japan joined U.S. and Russia in space exploration with the launching of the Planet-B probe to Mars.   2000 - Jordanian security agents shot and killed a Syrian hijacker after he threw a grenade that exploded and wounded 15 passengers aboard a Royal Jordanian airliner.   2000 - 10 Bengal tigers, including 7 rare white tigers, died at the Nandankanan Zoo in India. The tigers died of trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).   2000 - Euan Blair, the oldest son of British prime minister Tony Blair, was arrested after police found him drunk and lying on the ground in London's Leicester Square.


1811 Venezuela became the first South American country to declare independence from Spain. 1865 William Booth formed the Salvation Army in London, England. 1946 Larry Doby signed with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first African American player in the American League. 1946 The bikini swimsuit made its debut at a Paris fashion show. 1954 Elvis Presley recorded "That's All Right," his first commercial record. 1975 Cape Verde became independent after 500 years of Portuguese rule. 1975 Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title when he defeated Jimmy Connors. 1996 Dolly, the first sheep cloned from adult cells, was born. 2002 Baseball great Ted Williams died.


The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:

http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php

http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul05.htm

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory