Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
July 19, 1799: Rosetta Stone found
On this day in 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign, a French soldier discovers a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles north of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the second century B.C. More startlingly, the Greek passage announced that the three scripts were all of identical meaning. The artifact thus held the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics, a written language that had been "dead" for nearly 2,000 years.
When Napoleon, an emperor known for his enlightened view of education, art and culture, invaded Egypt in 1798, he took along a group of scholars and told them to seize all important cultural artifacts for France. Pierre Bouchard, one of Napoleon's soldiers, was aware of this order when he found the basalt stone, which was almost four feet long and two-and-a-half feet wide, at a fort near Rosetta. When the British defeated Napoleon in 1801, they took possession of the Rosetta Stone.
Several scholars, including Englishman Thomas Young made progress with the initial hieroglyphics analysis of the Rosetta Stone. French Egyptologist Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832), who had taught himself ancient languages, ultimately cracked the code and deciphered the hieroglyphics using his knowledge of Greek as a guide. Hieroglyphics used pictures to represent objects, sounds and groups of sounds. Once the Rosetta Stone inscriptions were translated, the language and culture of ancient Egypt was suddenly open to scientists as never before.
The Rosetta Stone has been housed at the British Museum in London since 1802, except for a brief period during World War I. At that time, museum officials moved it to a separate underground location, along with other irreplaceable items from the museum's collection, to protect it from the threat of bombs.
Well,
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
64 - Circus Maximus in Rome catches fire
532 - Start of Dionysian Pascal Cycle
711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
1195 - Battle at Alarcos: Almohaden beats Alfons VIII of Castilia
1380 - Thomas of Buckingham's invasion army lands on Calais
1425 - Duke John VI van Brabant pledges Holland/Zealand to Philip the Good
1510 - 38 Jews are burned at stake in Berlin Prussia
1524 - Boer War begins in Germany's Black Forest
1525 - Catholic German monarchy form Union of Dessau
1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
1545 - King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sinks at Portsmouth; 73 die
1551 - Treaty of Karlsburg: arch duke Ferdinand of Austria recognized as king of Hungary/Transsylvania
1553 - 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey deposed as England's Queen after 9 days
1572 - Battle at Saint-Ghislain: Spanish army beats The Genlis' mercenaries
1575 - Spanish viceroy Gilles of Hierges attacks Oudewater
1590 - King Philip Ii's secretary Antonio Perez escapes jail
1599 - Jacob van Necks merchant fleet leaves Java
1639 - French troops occupy Salses, at Perpignan
1674 - Court of Holland bans books of Hobbes/Spinoza/Meyer Philosopher Thomas HobbesPhilosopher Thomas Hobbes 1688 - Soldiers killed governor of Aerssen in Paramaribo 1702 - Swedish troops under King Charles XII occupy Crackow 1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders. 1799 - A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now known as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time. 1816 - Survivors of French frigate Medusa rescued off Senegal after 17 days 1836 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches Ascension 1843 - Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world. 1848 - 1st US women's rights convention (Seneca Falls NY) 1848 - German Parliament demands Dutch province of Limburg 1850 - Airship Elizabeth leaves in storm for Fire Island, crashes (42 die) 1860 - 1st railroad reaches Kansas 1862 - Forrest's 1st raid 1863 - Battle of Buffington's Island (St George Creek), Ohio 1864 - Battle of Winchester, VA (Stephenson's Depot) [->JUL 20] 1866 - Tennessee is 1st to ratify 14th Amendment, guaranteeing civil rights Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1867 - Congress passed 3rd Reconstruction Act over Pres Andrew Johnson's veto
1867 - Dutch Red Cross forms
1870 - France declares war on Prussia; Franco-Prussian war begins
1875 - Emma Abbott, a floating hospital for sick kids, makes trial trip, NYC
1877 - 1st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Spencer W Gore beats Marshall (61 62 64)
1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
1880 - SF Public Library starts lending books
1899 - National Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, forms
1900 - Michel Théato wins 2nd olympics marathon (2:59:45.0-40,260k)
1902 - NY Giants lose their 1st game under new manager John McGraw
1904 - Cleveland Nap's Neal Ball makes 1st unassisted triple play
1904 - Dutch Premier Kuypers disbands 1st Chamber
1908 - Feyenoord soccer team forms in Rotterdam
1909 - Cleveland shortstop Neal Ball executes an unassisted triple play
1910 - Cleveland Indian baseball player Cy Young registers 500th career victory against Washington 5-4 in 11 innings
1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
1913 - Billboard publishes earliest known "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers among Popular Songs" Malinda's Wedding Day is #1
1914 - Boston Braves begin drive from last to 1st place in NL
1915 - Dutch accidents at sea law enforced
1915 - Naval accident
1915 - Wash Nationals steal record 8 bases vs Cleve Indians in the 1st inning
1918 - German armies retreat across Marne River in France (WW I)
1918 - Wash catcher Eddie Ainsmith applies for deferment from the draft Sec of War Newton D Baker rules baseball players are not draft exempt
1919 - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.
1923 - WRC-AM in Washington DC begins radio transmissions
1926 - 2nd French government of Herriot, forms
1927 - Ty Cobb gets his 4,000th hit
1928 - King Fuad of Egypt grabs power/disbands parliament
1933 - 1st time, brothers on opposite teams homer in the same game. Red Sox
1933 - Rick Ferrell homers off brother pitcher Wes of Cleve, who also homers
1936 - Indians' Bob Feller makes his major league debut in relief
1936 - Spanish premier Casares Quiroga succeeded by Jose Giral
1937 - Entartete Art Fair opens in Munich
1937 - Joris Ivens' "Spanish Earth" premieres in Hollywood
1939 - Dr Roy P Scholz is 1st surgeon to use fiberglass sutures
1940 - Hitler orders Great Britain to surrenders
1940 - Nazi occupiers imprison 231 prominent Dutch citizens in Buchenwald
1940 - Nazi occupiers in Neth forbid anti-nazi films
1941 - 1st US Army flying school for black cadets dedicated (Tuskegee Ala)
1941 - BBC World Service begins playing V(ictory) (...-) 5th of Beethoven British war time Prime Minister Winston ChurchillBritish war time Prime Minister Winston Churchill
1941 - British PM Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign
1941 - President Roosevelt appointed FEP Committee
1942 - Dmitri Shostakovitch' 7th Symphony, premieres in US
1942 - German occupiers confiscate bicycles in Rotterdam & Hague
1943 - 500 allied air forces raid Rome during WW II
1944 - 1,200+ 8th Air Force bombers bomb targets in SW Germany
1944 - 500 15th Air Force Liberators/Flying Fortresses bomb Munich vicinity
1944 - 500 15th Air Force-Liberators surround Munich
1944 - Allied troops occupy Faubourg de Vaucelles, at Caen
1944 - Danish resistance fails on assault on Taarbaek Fort near Copenhagen
1944 - Democratic convention opens in Chicago
1944 - Earl Claus von Stauffenberg visits RC church in Berlin-Dahlem
1944 - General Bradley flies to England
1944 - Japanese aircraft carriers Taiho/Shokaku sinks in Marianas
1944 - NY archbishop Spellman flies to Europe
1944 - Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg 1st meets Eichmann
1945 - Edwin Schlossberg, husband of Carolyn Kennedy
1945 - USS Cod saves 51 sailors from Dutch sub in only sub-to-sub rescue
1947 - Prime minister of shadow Burma government ,Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members were assassinated by British , which resulted in the political chaos in the country lasting until now.
1948 - French government of Schuman, resigns 1949 - Laos becomes associated state within French Union
1950 - French/Vietnamese offensive against Viet Minh
1950 - NY Yanks obtain their 1st black players, Elston Howard & Frank Barnes
1950 - Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Summi maeroris
1951 - "2 in the Aisle" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 276 perfs
1952 - "Paint Your Wagon" closes at Shubert Theater NYC after 289 perfs
1952 - 15th modern Olympic games opens in Helsinki, Finland 1952 - Freddie Trueman takes 8-31, India all out 58 at Old Trafford 1952 - India all out 82 in 2nd innings after making 52 earlier in the day 1953 - KIMA TV channel 29 in Yakima, WA (CBS) begins broadcasting 1953 - WAKR (now WAKC) TV channel 23 in Akron, OH (ABC) begins broadcasting 1955 - Balclutha ties up at Pier 43 & becomes a floating museum 1955 - Yarkon Water Project opens to supply water to Negev desert in Israel 1956 - US refuse to lend Egypt money to build Aswan Dam 1957 - 1st rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada 1957 - Don Bowden becomes 1st American to break 4 minute mile (3m58s7) 1957 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site 1958 - "Oh, Captain!" closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 192 performances 1958 - Charly Gaul wins Tour de France 1959 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Machine International Golf Open Alliance 1960 - Italian government Tambroni, resigns 1960 - SF Giants Juan Marichal debuts, with a 1 hitter against Phillies 1961 - 1st in-flight movie shown (TWA) 1962 - Hungarian communist party expels Rákosi & Gero 1963 - NASA civilian Test pilot Joe Walker in X-15 reaches 105 km 1963 - Philadelphia Phillies Roy Siever hits HR # 300 1964 - 46th PGA Championship: Bobby Nichols shoots a 271 at Columbus CC Ohio 1964 - Ruth Jessen wins LPGA Yankee Women's Golf Open 1964 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1965 - Shooting begins on Star Trek 2nd pilot "Where No Man Has Gone Before" 1966 - France performs nuclear Test at Fangataufa Island 1966 - Gov James Rhodes declares state of emergency in Cleveland (race riot) 1967 - 1st air conditioned NYC subway car (R-38 on the F line) 1967 - Race riots in Durham NC 1967 - US launches Explorer 35 for lunar orbit (800/7400 km) 1969 - Apollo 11 goes into Moon orbit 1970 - Judy Rankin wins LPGA Springfield Jaycee Golf Open 1971 - Sudan military coup under maj Hashem al-Atta, Numeiry flees 1973 - Willie Mays named to NL all star team for 24th time (ties Musial) 1974 - Cleve Indian Dick Bosman no-hits Oakland A's, 4-0 1974 - David Bowie's "Diamond Dog" tour ends in NYC 1974 - Soyuz 14 lands 1975 - Apollo & Soyuz linked in orbit for 2 days, separate 1975 - NY Yank catcher Thurman Munson's 1st-inning single & RBI are 1975 - Nullified because the tar on his bat handle exceeds 18" limit 1976 - Rock group Deep Purple disbands 1976 - Allman Brother's roadie Scooter Herring sentenced to 75 years for providing drugs for the group, based on Gregg Allman's testimony 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created. 1977 - 48th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 7-5 at Yankee Stadium, NY 1977 - All star MVP: Don Sutton (LA Dodgers) 1977 - Floods in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 76 1978 - France performs nuclear Test at Muruora Island 1978 - Yanks start 14 game comeback with 2-0 win 1979 - 2 supertankers collide off Tobago-260,000 TONS of oil spill 1979 - Maritza Sayalero, 18, of Venezuela, crowned 28th Miss Universe 1979 - Nicaragua Liberation Day; Sandinistas take over from Somoza 1979 - Patricia Harris, becomes sect of HEW 1980 - 22nd modern Olympic games opens in Moscow; US & others boycott 1980 - David Bowie appears in role of "Elephant Man" in Denver 1981 - 110th British Golf Open: Bill Rogers shoots a 276 at Royal St George 1981 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA WUI Golf Classic 1982 - 1st Old Timer's All star classic - AL wins 7-2 in Wash DC 1982 - Bolivian government resigns 1982 - David S Dodge becomes 1st American hostage in Lebanon 1982 - 1st annual Cracker Jack Oldtimers Classic 75-year-old Luke Appling hits a 250-foot HR off Warren Spahn, AL beats NL 7-2 1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published. 1984 - 1st female to captain a 747 across Atlantic (Lynn Rippelmeyer) 1984 - Geraldine A Ferraro, (Rep-D-NY), wins Democratic VP nomination 1985 - Christa McAuliffe chosen 1st school teacher to fly space shuttle 1985 - Dam in Fiemme Valley Italy bursts; 200-300 die 1985 - The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy. 1986 - Indian pitcher Phil Niekro wins his 307th game tying him with 1986 - Tim Witherspoon KOs Frank Bruno in 11 for heavyweight boxing title
1987 - 116th British Golf Open: Nick Faldo shoots a 279 at Muirfield Gullane
1987 - Don Mattingly sets AL record of extra base hits in 10 cons games
1989 - Cleve Indian Joe Carter has his 4th 3 HR game
1989 - United Airlines DC-10 crashes at Sioux City Iowa, kills 112
1990 - BASF plant in Cincinnati explodes in flames, 1 dies
1990 - Cincinnati Red Pete Rose is sentence to 5 months for tax evasion
1990 - Richard Nixon library opens in Yorba Linda, Calif
1990 - Dave Raghetti pitches in his 499th game as a NY Yankee, passing Whitey Ford in most appearances as a NY Yankee
1991 - Cal Ripken plays in his 1,500th consecutive game
1991 - Mike Tyson rapes a Miss Black America contestant (Desiree Washington)
1991 - With NY Yankee victory, 10 of 14 AL teams are at .500 or better
1992 - "Price" closes at Criterion Theater NYC after 47 performances
1992 - 30th Tennis Fed Cup: Germany beats Spain in Frankfurt Germany (2-1)
1992 - Ballet dancer Peter Martins charged with beating his wife
1992 - NYC Ballet star Peter Martins, arrested for beating his wife
1993 - Glen Chapple (Lancs) scores fastest F-C century, 21 minutes
1993 - Last day of 1st-class cricket for Ian Botham
1993 - Pres Clinton fires FBI director William Sessions
1994 - 1st game ever cancelled at Seattle Kingdome (falling tiles)
1994 - Bomb explosion in Alas Airlines at Colon Panama, 21 killed
1994 - Leonid Kvetjsma sworn in as Ukraine president
1996 - Ireland beats Netherlands in 1st European Championship Final
1996 - Jason Gallian scores 312 in 683 mins for Lancashire v Derbyshire
1996 - XXVI Olympic games open in Atlanta Georgia
1525 - The Catholic princes of Germany formed the Dessau League to fight against the Reformation. 1553 - Fifteen-year-old Lady Jane Grey was deposed as Queen of England after claiming the crown for nine days. Mary, the daughter of King Henry VIII, was proclaimed Queen. 1788 - Prices plunged on the Paris stock market. 1799 - The Rosetta Stone, a tablet with hieroglyphic translations into Greek, was found in Egypt. 1848 - The Women's Rights Convention took place in Seneca Fall, NY. Bloomers were introduced at the convention. 1870 - France declared war on Prussia. 1909 - The first unassisted triple play in major-league baseball was made by Cleveland Indians shortstop Neal Ball in a game against Boston. 1939 - Dr. Roy P. Scholz became the first surgeon to use fiberglass sutures. 1942 - German U-boats were withdrawn from positions off the U.S. Atlantic coast due to effective American anti-submarine countermeasures. 1943 - During World War II, more than 150 B-17 and 112 B-24 bombers attacked Rome for the first time. 1946 - Marilyn Monroe acted in her first screen test. 1960 - Juan Marichal (San Francisco Giants) became the first pitcher to get a one-hitter in his major league debut. 1974 - The House Judiciary Committee recommended that U.S. President Richard Nixon should stand trial in the Senate for any of the five impeachment charges against him. 1975 - The Apollo and Soyuz spacecrafts separated after being linked in orbit for two days. 1979 - In Nicaragua, the dictatorship of the Somozas was overthrown by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional or FSLN). 1982 - The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 14% of the population had an income below the official poverty level in 1981. 1984 - Geraldine Ferraro was nominated by the Democratic Party to become the first woman from a major political party to run for the office of U.S. Vice-President. 1985 - George Bell won first place in a biggest feet contest with a shoe size of 28-1/2. Bell, at age 26, stood 7 feet 10 inches tall. 1985 - Christa McAuliffe of New Hampshire was chosen to be the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the space shuttle. She died with six others when the Challenger exploded the following year.
1848 The first women's rights convention, called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia C. Mott, was held in Seneca Falls, New York. 1870 The Franco-Prussian war began. 1941 Winston Churchill was the first to use the two-finger "V is for Victory" sign. 1966 Fifty year-old singer Frank Sinatra married 21-year-old actress Mia Farrow. 1984 Geraldine Ferraro became the first woman nominated for the vice-presidency by a major political party. 1993 President Clinton announced the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy regarding gays in the military.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul19.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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