http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Oct 13, 1792: White House cornerstone laid
The cornerstone is laid for a presidential residence in the newly designated capital city of Washington. In 1800, President John Adams became the first president to reside in the executive mansion, which soon became known as the "White House" because its white-gray Virginia freestone contrasted strikingly with the red brick of nearby buildings.
The city of Washington was created to replace Philadelphia as the nation's capital because of its geographical position in the center of the existing new republic. The states of Maryland and Virginia ceded land around the Potomac River to form the District of Columbia, and work began on Washington in 1791. French architect Charles L'Enfant designed the area's radical layout, full of dozens of circles, crisscross avenues, and plentiful parks. In 1792, work began on the neoclassical White House building at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue under the guidance of Irish American architect James Hoban, whose design was influenced by Leinster House in Dublin and by a building sketch in James Gibbs' Book of Architecture. President George Washington chose the site.
On November 1, President John Adams was welcomed into the executive mansion. His wife, Abigail, wrote about their new home: "I pray heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this house, and on all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but wise men ever rule under this roof!"
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the White House was set on fire along with the U.S. Capitol by British soldiers in retaliation for the burning of government buildings in Canada by U.S. troops. The burned-out building was subsequently rebuilt and enlarged under the direction of James Hoban, who added east and west terraces to the main building, along with a semicircular south portico and a colonnaded north portico. The smoke-stained stone walls were painted white. Work was completed on the White House in the 1820s.
Major restoration occurred during the administration of President Harry Truman, and Truman lived across the street for several years in Blair House. Since 1995, Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and Lafayette Square has been closed to vehicular traffic for security reasons. Today, more than a million tourists visit the White House annually. It is the oldest federal building in the nation's capital.
Oct 13, 1943: Italy declares war on Germany
On this day in 1943, the government of Italy declares war on its former Axis partner Germany and joins the battle on the side of the Allies.
With Mussolini deposed from power and the collapse of the fascist government in July, Gen. Pietro Badoglio, Mussolini's former chief of staff and the man who had assumed power in the Duce's stead by request of King Victor Emanuel, began negotiating with General Eisenhower regarding a conditional surrender of Italy to the Allies. It became a fact on September 8, with the new Italian government allowing the Allies to land in Salerno, in southern Italy, in its quest to beat the Germans back up the peninsula.
The Germans too snapped into action. Ever since Mussolini began to falter, Hitler had been making plans to invade Italy to keep the Allies from gaining a foothold that would situate them within easy reach of the German-occupied Balkans. On the day of Italy's surrender, Hitler launched Operation Axis, the occupation of Italy. As German troops entered Rome, General Badoglio and the royal family fled to Brindisi, in southeastern Italy, to set up a new antifascist government.
On October 13, Badoglio set into motion the next stage of his agreement with Eisenhower, the full cooperation of Italian troops in the Allied operation to capture Rome from the Germans. It was extremely slow going, described by one British general as "slogging up Italy." Bad weather, the miscalculation of starting the operation from so far south in the peninsula, and the practice of "consolidation," establishing a firm base of operations and conjoining divisions every time a new region was captured, made the race for Rome more of a crawl. But when it was over, and Rome was once again free, General Badoglio would take yet one more step in freeing Italy from its fascist past-he would step down from office.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne
409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees and appeared in
Hispania.
1213 - Battle at Steppes-Bishop Pierrepont & Louis II
beat Henry I of Brabant
1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of
Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
1307 - French king Philip IV convicts templars because of
heresy
1483 - Rabbi Issac Abarbanel starts his exegesis on Bible
1492 - English admiral Poynings fleet occupies Lock
1501 - Maximilian of Austria & Louis XII sign Treaty of
Trente
1534 - Alessandro Farnese elected as Pope Paul III
1629 - Dutch West Indies Co grants religious freedom in West
Indies
1652 - Prince of Condé flees Paris
1659 - Gen-major John Lambert drives out English
Rump-government
1660 - Denmark king Frederik III makes coup
1702 - Dutch/English troops occupy Luik
1710 - English troops occupy Acadia (Nova Scotia)
1716 - Hungarian Emperor Karel VI's troops occupy Temesvar
1724 - Jonathan Swift publishes last of Drapier's letters
1760 - Russian/Austrian army evacuates Berlin
1773 - The Whirlpool Galaxy was discovered by Charles
Messier
Satirist Jonathan SwiftSatirist Jonathan Swift 1775 -
Continental Congress orders construction of a naval fleet
1792 - "Old Farmer's Almanac" is 1st published
1792 - Washington lays cornerstone of Executive Mansion
(White House)
1812 - Battle of Queenstown Heights, Brit beats US attempt
to invade Canada
1843 - B'nai B'rith founded (NY)
1845 - Texas ratifies a state constitution
1860 - 1st aerial photo taken in US (from a balloon), Boston
1862 - Bismarck's "Blood & Iron" speech
1863 - Skirmish at Blountsville, Tennessee (50 casualties)
1864 - Battle at Darbytown Road Virginia (337 casualties)
1864 - Battle of Dalton, GA - surrendered
1864 - Battle of Harpers Ferry, WV (Mosby's Raid)
1864 - Maryland voters adopt new constitution, including
abolition of slavery
1870 - Gustav Mahler (10) gives his 1st public piano concert
1871 - The Delphic Fraternity is founded as the Delphic
Society at the State Normal School in Geneseo, New York.
The Gray Ghost John Singleton MosbyThe Gray Ghost John
Singleton Mosby 1881 - Revival of Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda &
friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations
1884 - Greenwich established as universal time meridian of
longitude
1885 - The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is
founded in Atlanta, Georgia.
1890 - The Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law
students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
1893 - Vigilant (US) beats Valkyrie II (England) in 9th
America's Cup
1899 - 7000 lay-offs black mine workers of South Africa
reach Natal
1903 - Pilgrims beat Pirates 5 games to 3 in 1st World
Series
1903 - Victor Herbert's "Babes in Toyland,"
premieres in NYC
1913 - Explosion & fire in Universal Coal Mine, South
Wales
1914 - Belgian regime forms at St Adresse at Le Havre
1914 - Boston Braves sweep Phila A's, 1st sweep in World
Series history
1914 - Garrett Morgan invents & patents gas mask
1914 - Pro-German Boers begin opposition of British
authority in South Africa
1915 - Boston Red Sox beat Philadelphia Phillies, 4 games to
1 in 12th World Series
1917 - Soviet accept establishment of Petrograd Military
1920 - World Series celebration in Wade Park brings out
50,000+ Clevelanders
1921 - NY Giants beat NY Yankees, 5 games to 3 in 18th World
Series
1923 - Angora (Ankara) becomes Turkey's capital
1924 - Wahhabietes under Ibn Saudi take Mecca
1930 - New German Reichstag opens with 107 NSDAP'ers in
uniform
1931 - Musical "Everybody's Welcome" with T/J
Dorsey premieres in NYC
1931 - Noel Cowards "Cavalcade," premieres in
London
1933 - JDJ Boularan's "Tovarich," premieres in
Paris
1933 - Soccer team STEVO forms in Geesteren
1936 - Explosion caused by leaking gas rips out section 12
of Cleve Stadium
1937 - A recorded trace of snow in Central Park NYC
1941 - Nazi's kill 11,000 Jewish children/old people
1943 - Italy declares war on former Axis partner Germany
1944 - Riga Latvia freed
1944 - US 1st army begins battle of Aachen
1947 - "Kukla, Fran & Ollie" premieres
1947 - 1st NHL All-Star Game: All-Stars beat Toronto 4-3 at
Toronto
1949 - "Touch & Go" opens at Broadhurst
Theater NYC for 176 performances
1953 - Burglar alarm-ultrasonic or radio waves-patented-Samuel
Bagno
1954 - RP Smith/M Shulman's "Tender Trap,"
premieres in NYC
1955 - 1st edition of L'express publishes in Paris
1956 - WAGM TV channel 8 in Presque Isle, ME (CBS/NBC/ABC)
begins
1957 - German Dem Rep recalls East Mark & issues new
currency
1958 - Burial of Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII on the 41st
anniversary of the "Miracle of the Sun".
1960 - 3rd presidential debate with Nixon in Hollywood &
Kennedy in NY
First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Nikita KhrushchevFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Nikita Khrushchev 1960 - Nikita Khrushchev (PM USSR) bangs his shoe on table at
UN
1960 - Opponents of Fidel Castro executed in Cuba
1960 - Pirate's Mazeroski's bottom of 9th lead off HR beats
NY Yankees 10-9 in game 7 of 57th World Series
1962 - "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" opens on
Broadway, with Uta Hagen
1963 - "Beatlemania" is coined after Beatles
appear at Palladium
1963 - 15th Ryder Cup: US beats 23-9 at East Lake Country
Club (Atlanta, Georgia, US)
1963 - 9th LPGA Championship won by Mickey Wright
1964 - At Plesman airport, Curacao, 125.5 mm rainfalls
(record)
1964 - Voskhod 1 crew returns
1966 - 173 US airplanes bomb North-Vietnam
1966 - Vice Admiral Rufus L Taylor, USN, becomes deputy
director of CIA
1967 - CBS radio cancels "House Party"
1968 - Tinker Creek Gorge of Cleveland Metroparks is
dedicated
1969 - 1st time 7 people in space
1969 - Billy Martin (97-65) is fired as manager of AL
West-winning Twins
Cuban President Fidel CastroCuban President Fidel Castro
1969 - Soyuz 8 is launched
1970 - Angela Davis arrested in NYC
1970 - USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan USSR
1971 - 1st World Series night game (Pittsburgh 4-Baltimore
3)
1971 - WTZH TV channel 24 in Meridian, MS (CBS) suspends
broadcasting
1972 - "Hurry, Harry" closes at Ritz Theater NYC
after 2 performances
1972 - Aeroflot Il-62 crashes in large pond outside Moscow,
176 die
1972 - Commish Bowie Kuhn allows Bert Campaneris to play in
World Series
1972 - Uruguay to Chile plane crashes in Andes Mountain, (12
of 23 rescue)
1972 - Argentine Fairchild crashes in Andesgebergte (rugby
team eats crash victims to survive)
1973 - Jordan enters Yom Kippur war
1973 - Teri Garr appears on Bob Newhart Show in "Emily
in for Carol"
1975 - 9th Country Music Association Award: John Denver wins
1975 - Rock vocal Neil Young undergoes throat surgery
1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa
Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).
1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral
particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then
working at the C.D.C..
1978 - Pres Carter answers caller questions on National
Public Radio
1978 - Swaziland's new constitution promulgated bans
political parties
1978 - Tiros N, US's 1st 3rd generation weather satellite,
is launched
1978 - Graig Nettles at 3rd makes many spectactular plays in
WS game 3 as Guidry beats Dodgers, after trailing 2 games to 0 Yanks win next 4
1980 - 14th Country Music Association Award:[approx]
1980 - Unprovoked slayings of 6 blacks in Buffalo, NY
Egyptian President Hosni MubarakEgyptian President Hosni
Mubarak 1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak elected president of Egypt
1982 - IOC Executive Committee approves the reinstatement of
Jim Thorpe's s gold medals from the 1912 Olympics
1982 - NJ Devils 1st short handed goal-Don Lever
1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular)
launched the first US cellular network in Chicago, Illinois.
1984 - Blackhawk Bill Gardner scores on 10th penalty shot
against Islanders
1984 - John Henry becomes 1st thoroughbred to win $6 million
1984 - STS 41-G mission; lands at Kennedy Space Center
1985 - "Sunday in the Park with George" closes at
Booth NYC after 604 perfs
1985 - Belgium premier Martens CVP wins parliamentary
election
1985 - During NLCS, Cards rookie Vince Coleman is injured
stretching before game as his left leg is caught in Busch Stadium's automated
tarpaulin
1986 - 20th Country Music Association Award:
1986 - 25th NY, NL appearance in World Series (Mets vs A's)
1986 - IOC announces baseball will become a medal sport in
1992
1987 - 1st military use of trained dolphins (US Navy in
Persian Gulf)
1987 - Costa Rican Pres Oscar Arias wins Nobel Peace Prize
Versatile Athlete Jim ThorpeVersatile Athlete Jim Thorpe
1987 - West Indies score 4-360 in 50 overs in Cricket World Cup v Sri Lanka
1988 - Concert at Masada ends Israel's 40th-anniversary fest
1988 - Nobel prize for literature awarded to Naguib Mahfouz
1988 - Shroud of Turin, revered by many Christians as
Christ's burial cloth, is shown by carbon-dating tests to be a fake from the
Middle Ages
1988 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1989 - Bob Quinn resigns as NY Yankee VP/GM & replaced
by Harding Peterson
1989 - Dow Jones down 190.58 points
1990 - 1st Russian Orthodox service in 70 yrs held in St
Basil's Cathedral
1990 - Target Center in Minneapolis opens
1991 - Blue Jay Cito Gaston is 1st manager ejected in a
playoff game
1991 - Minnesota Twins win AL pennant beating Toronto in 5
games
1993 - Greek government of Papandreou forms
1993 - Mighty Ducks win their 1st NHL game
1993 - Nobel prize for chemistry awarded to Kary Mullis
& Michael Smith
1993 - Nobel prize for physics awarded to Russel Hulse &
Joseph Taylor
1993 - Phillies beat Atlanta in NLCS
1993 - Captured American Pilot Mike Durant is filmed in an
interview in captivity by a CNN camera crew.
1994 - Earliest start of Sheffield Shield season (Queensland
v Tasmania)
1994 - Nobel prize for literature awarded to Kenzaburo Oe
1995 - Joseph Rotblat awarded Nobel Peace Prize
1995 - Pamela Anderson Lee, rush to hospital with flu like
symptoms
1996 - "Big," closes at Shubert Theater NYC after
193 performances
1996 - Annika Sorenstam wins Betsy King LPGA Golf Classic
1996 - NY Jet Nick Lowrey breaks Jan Stenerud NFL field goal
record at 374
1996 - Yanks (3) & Orioles (3) combine to tie play off
record of 6 HRs
1997 - Andy Green's Jet-powered car reaches record 749.69
MPH
1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
2008 - HM Treasury infused £37 billion ($64 billion, 47
billion euros) of new capital-bailout into Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc,
Lloyds TSB and HBOS Plc, to avert a financial sector collapse.
2010 - The 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Copiapó, Chile
comes to an end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record
69 days underground awaiting rescue.
2012 - 15 people are killed by a market suicide bombing in
Darra Adam Khel, Pakistan
2012 - Gerhard Richter's Abstraktes Bild sells for $34
million, the highest sold artwork by a living artist
54 A.D. - The Roman emperor Claudius I died after being poisoned by his wife, Agrippina. 1775 - The U.S. Continental Congress ordered the construction of a naval fleet. 1792 - The cornerstone of the Executive Mansion was laid in Washington, DC. The building became known as the White House in 1818. 1812 - American forces were defeated at the Battle of Queenstown Heights. The British victory effectively ended an further U.S. invasion of Canada. 1843 - B'nai B'rith, the Jewish organization, was founded by Henry Jones and eleven others in New York City, NY. 1854 - The state of Texas ratified a state constitution. 1924 - The play "The Guardsman" opened in New York City, NY. 1943 - During World War II, Italy signed an armistice with the Allies and declared war on Germany. 1944 - American troops entered Aachen, Germany, during World War II. 1944 - During World War II, British and Greek advance units landed at Piraeus. 1951 - In Atlanta, GA, a football with a rubber covering was used for the first time. Georgia Tech beat Louisiana State 25-7. 1953 - An ultrasonic burglar alarm was patented by Samuel Bagno. 1957 - Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra introduced the Ford Edsel on an hour long special. 1960 - The World Series ended on a home run for the first time. Bill Mazeroski's homerun allowed the Pirates to beat the Yankees. 1962 - "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" opened on Broadway. 1967 - The first game of the new American Basketball Association was played. 1977 - Four Palestinians hijacked an Lufthansa airliner to Somalia. They demanded the release of members of the Red Army Faction. 1981 - Egyptian voters elected Vice President Hosni Mubarak as the new president one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated. 1984 - Jesse Jackson appeared on "Saturday Night Live." 1989 - U.S. President George H.W. Bush called for an overthrow of the Panamanian ruler Manuel Antonio Noriega. 1990 - Le Duc Tho died at the age of 79. He was a co-founder of the Vietnamese Communist Party. 1992 - A commercial flight record was set by an Air France supersonic jetliner for circling the Earth in 33 hours and one minute. 1995 - Walt Disney World Resort admitted its 500-millionth guest. Disney movies, music and books 1998 - The National Basketball Association (NBA) canceled regular season games, due to work stoppage, for first time in its 51-year history. 1999 - The U.S. Senate rejected the ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). 2010 - Near Copiapó, Chile, 33 miners were trapped underground in San José Mine. The miners were rescued after 69 days underground.
1775 The Continental Congress authorized the construction of a naval fleet. 1792 The cornerstone of the White House was laid. 1843 The Jewish organization B'nai B'rith was founded. 1903 Boston defeated Pittsburgh in the first World Series. 1943 Italy declared war on Germany, its former Axis partner, during World War II. 1974 Ed Sullivan died in New York City at age 72. 1981 Egypt's vice president Hosni Mubarak was elected president, one week after Anwar Sadat's assassination.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/oct13.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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