http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Oct 24, 1945: The United Nations is born
On this day in 1945, the United Nations Charter, which was adopted and signed on June 26, 1945, is now effective and ready to be enforced.
The United Nations was born of perceived necessity, as a means of better arbitrating international conflict and negotiating peace than was provided for by the old League of Nations. The growing Second World War became the real impetus for the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union to begin formulating the original U.N. Declaration, signed by 26 nations in January 1942, as a formal act of opposition to Germany, Italy, and Japan, the Axis Powers.
The principles of the U.N. Charter were first formulated at the San Francisco Conference, which convened on April 25, 1945. It was presided over by President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and attended by representatives of 50 nations, including 9 continental European states, 21 North, Central, and South American republics, 7 Middle Eastern states, 5 British Commonwealth nations, 2 Soviet republics (in addition to the USSR itself), 2 East Asian nations, and 3 African states. The conference laid out a structure for a new international organization that was to "save succeeding generations from the scourge of war,...to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights,...to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."
Two other important objectives described in the Charter were respecting the principles of equal rights and self-determination of all peoples (originally directed at smaller nations now vulnerable to being swallowed up by the Communist behemoths emerging from the war) and international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems around the world.
Now that the war was over, negotiating and maintaining the peace was the practical responsibility of the new U.N. Security Council, made up of the United States, Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China. Each would have veto power over the other. Winston Churchill called for the United Nations to employ its charter in the service of creating a new, united Europe-united in its opposition to communist expansion-East and West. Given the composition of the Security Council, this would prove easier said than done.
Oct 24, 1648: Thirty Years War ends
The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe.
The Thirty Years War, a series of wars fought by European nations for various reasons, ignited in 1618 over an attempt by the king of Bohemia (the future Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II) to impose Catholicism throughout his domains. Protestant nobles rebelled, and by the 1630s most of continental Europe was at war.
As a result of the Treaty of Westphalia, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic and France was acknowledged as the preeminent Western power. The power of the Holy Roman Emperor was broken and the German states were again able to determine the religion of their lands.
The principle of state sovereignty emerged as a result of the Treaty of Westphalia and serves as the basis for the modern system of nation-states.
Oct 24, 1951: Truman declares war with Germany officially over
On this day in 1951, President Harry Truman finally proclaims that the nation's war with Germany, begun in 1941, is officially over. Fighting had ended in the spring of 1945.
Most Americans assumed that the war with Germany had ended with the cessation of hostilities six years earlier. In fact, a treaty with Germany had not been signed. Complicating the treaty process was the status of territory within what was formerly the German state. Following the Second World War, the major Western powers (U.S., Britain and France) and the Soviets agreed to divide the country, including the capital city of Berlin, into democratic and communist-controlled sectors. Both East and West Berlin ended up within the Soviet-controlled territory of East Germany and the capital became the epicenter of increasing tensions between the West and Soviet Russia. Each side claimed the other had violated post-war treaties regarding their respective spheres of influence in post-war Europe. The conflict over Berlin came to a head in June 1948 when Stalin ordered a blockade of the city. Truman did not want to abandon Berlin to the Soviets and ordered an airlift to supply the western sectors with food and fuel. The treaty process was put on hold until the Western powers could agree on what to do about Berlin. A Soviet atomic weapons test on October 3, 1951, increased the tension.
In his proclamation on this day, Truman stated that it had always been America's hope to create a treaty of peace with the government of a united and free Germany, but that Soviet policy had "made it impossible." The official end to the war came 10 years and two months after Congress had declared open war with Nazi Germany on December 11, 1941.
Oct 24, 1992: Toronto Blue Jays finally win a World Series for Canada
On October 24, 1992, the Toronto Blue Jays beat the Atlanta Braves in the sixth game of the World Series to win the championship.
It was the first time a Canadian team had ever won the trophy, and it was a truly international victory—the Blue Jays’ 25-man roster included several players of Puerto Rican descent, a Jamaican, three Dominicans and no actual Canadians.
The series itself was a bit of a nail-biter: Four of the six games were decided by a single run, and three were won in the last at-bat. The Braves won the first game relatively handily (that is, by two runs). The Jays won the second 5-4 (they were trailing 4-3 when they came to bat in the ninth), the third 3-2 (thanks to a bases-loaded single at the bottom of the last inning) and the fourth 2-1. The Braves won Game 5 easily, as John Smoltz and Mike Stanton pitched to a 7-2 victory.
In Game 6, the Braves were losing by one run at the beginning of the ninth inning. They put runners on first and second, and then pinch-hitter Francisco Cabrera scorched a line drive to left that, if Candy Maldonado hadn’t made an impossible catch at the last minute, would have scored at least two runs. As it happened, the next batter singled to tie the game and force it into extra innings.
At the top of the 11th, with two out and two on, 41-year-old Blue Jay Dave Winfield cranked a 3-2 pitch low down the left-field line, sending two of his teammates home. At the bottom of the inning, the Braves managed to score once and even got the tying run to third, but it wasn’t enough. Toronto reliever Mike Timlin got Otis Nixon to bunt, then charged the blooper and tossed the ball to first in plenty of time. It was a rather anti-climactic ending to a highly climactic series, but it did the job: The Blue Jays were the champions. "No one can say we choke anymore," Toronto’s Roberto Alomar told reporters in the locker room after the game. "This is a great club. We won like champions."
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1260 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is
assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.
1260 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in
the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
1360 - The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking
the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.
1492 - 24 Jews are burned at stake in Mecklenburg Germany
1531 - Bavaria joins Schmalkaldische Union
1593 - Alleged teleportation of Gil Perez.
1596 - -26] Battle at Kerestes: Ottoman beat Austria-Hungary
& Germany
1648 - Treaty of Westphalia ends The Thirty Year's War in
the Holy Roman Empire
1648 - Switzerland's independence recognized in the Treaty
of Westphalia
1656 - Treaty of Vilnius: Russia & Poland sign
anti-Swedish covenant
1681 - Earl of Shaftesbury accused of high treason in London
1795 - 3rd partition of Poland, between Austria, Prussia
& Russia
1812 - Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes
place near Moscow.
1818 - Felix Mendelssohn, 9, performs his 1st public concert
(Berlin)
1836 - A Phillips patents match
1851 - William Lassell discovers Ariel & Umbriel,
satellites of Uranus
1856 - Constitution of South Australia adopted
1857 - World's 1st soccer club, Sheffield F C, founded in
England
1861 - 1st US transcontinental telegram is sent (from SF to
Wash DC)
1861 - West Virginia seceded from Virginia
1871 - Mob in LA hangs 18 Chinese
1881 - Levi P Morton, US ambas to France drives 1st rivet in
Stat of Liberty
Microbiologist Robert KochMicrobiologist Robert Koch 1882 -
Robert Koch discovers germ that causes tuberculosis
1885 - Johann Strauss' opera "Zigeunerbaron,"
premieres in Vienna
1889 - Softball rules adopted by Mid Winter Indoor Baseball
League
1899 - Battle at Rietfontein, South Africa: Boers vs British
army
1900 - General Redvers Buller returns to England
1901 - 1st woman to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel (Anna
Taylor)
1903 - 1st trotter to run a mile under 2 minutes (Lou Dillon
1:58.1)
1903 - George Sutton becomes billard champ
1904 - 1st NY subway opens
1908 - Billy Murray hits the charts with "Take Me Outto
the Ball Game"
1911 - Robert Scott's expedition leaves Cape Evans for South
Pole
1911 - Orville Wright remained in the air 9 minutes and 45
seconds in a glider at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina setting a new world
record that stood for 10 years.
1913 - Joe Tinker fired as Cin Reds manager
1916 - Moroccan troops capture Ft Douaumont
1917 - Battle at Caporetto: German & Austria smash
Italian army
Aviator Orville WrightAviator Orville Wright 1922 - German
parliament mandates Ebert president until July 1925
1922 - Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish
Free State
1923 - Gen Otto von Lossow calls Reichswehr to Berlin to
form a dictatorship
1924 - Christian Gen Feng Joe Siang occupies Beijing
1924 - Nobel prize for fysiologie/medicine awarded to W
Einthoven
1926 - Harry Houdini's last performance, which was at the
Garrick Theatre in Detroit, Michigan.
1929 - "Black Thursday," start of stock market
crash, Dow Jones down 12.8%
1929 - Ruby Vallee's Fleishmann Hour begins broadcasting on
NBC radio
1929 - Belgium princess Marie-Jose & Italian crown
prince Umberto gets engaged, assassination attempt on Umberto fails
1930 - A bloodless coup d'état in Brazil ousts Washington
Luís Pereira de Sousa, the last President of the First Republic. Getúlio Vargas
then installed as "provisional president."
1931 - George Washington Bridge linking NYC & NJ
dedicated, opens the next day
1931 - Gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years for tax
evasion
1931 - George Washington Bridge connecting NY to NJ opens
1932 - British government signs trade treaty with USSR
1933 - Langston Hughes' "Mulatto," premieres in
NYC
Gangster Al CaponeGangster Al Capone 1935 - Italy invades
Ethiopia [10/2]
1935 - Judge Landis fines ump George Moriarty, Cubs mgr
Charlie Grimm & Chic players W English, B Jurges & B Herman for actions
in World Series
1938 - US forbids child labor in factories
1939 - Benny Goodman records "Let's Dance"
1939 - Joe DiMaggio wins AL MVP, Jimmie Foxx is runner-up
1939 - Nazi require wearing of star of David
1939 - Nylon stockings go on sale for 1st time (Wilmington
Delaware)
1940 - 40 hour work week goes into effect (Fair Labor
Standards of 1938)
1940 - Hitler meets Marshal Pétain
1940 - Japan eliminates US terms (strike, play ball) from
baseball
1940 - Protestant churches protest against dismissal of Jew
civil servants
1942 - 2nd day of battle at El Alamein: British infantry
1943 - Anti-nazi Clandestine Radio Soldatsender Calais
begins transmitting
1944 - Rotterdam Passage fight frees 46 prisoners
1944 - US air raid on Jap battleships/cruisers in Sibuya
Sea: Musashi sinks
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1944 - US aircraft carrier Princeton sinks at Philippines
1944 - US capt David Mccampbell shoots down 9-11 Jap planes
in Gulf of Leyte
1945 - Charter of United Nations of force became
1945 - France (PC/PS/MRP win parliamentary election
(25/24/23%)
1945 - UN charter comes into effect
1946 - Netherlands & Indonesia sign cease fire
1946 - A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the
first photograph of earth from outer space.
1947 - Series of forest fires $30 million of timber (New
England States)
1948 - Bernard M Baruch introduces term "Cold War"
1948 - Francis Poulenc's "Sinfonietta," premieres
1948 - Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical In Multiplicibus
Curis
1948 - WJBK TV channel 2 in Detroit, MI (CBS) begins
broadcasting
1951 - Jan de Hartog's "4 Poster," premieres in
NYC
1951 - United Nation publishes its 1st postage stamps
1952 - Arab Liberation Movement becomes only party of Syria
1953 - KOOL (now KTSP) TV channel 10 in Phoenix, AZ (CBS)
begins broadcasting
1954 - Dwight D. Eisenhower pledges United States support to
South Vietnam
1956 - Margaret Towner becomes first woman to be ordained
into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA)
1956 - AP names Cin manager Birdie Tebbets as NL Manager of
the Year
1956 - Soviet troops invade Hungary, Imre Nagy becomes PM of
Hungary
1957 - Cin Redlegs decline to move to Roosevelt Stadium in
Jersey City
1957 - The USAF starts the X-20 Dyna-Soar program.
1958 - USSR lends Egypt 400 million rubles to build Aswan
Dam
1959 - US premier of D Sjostakovitch's 1st Cello concert
1960 - Disaster on USSR (Baikonoer) launch pad, kills
missile expert Nedelin & team (165 die-unconfirmed); USSR claims killed in
plane crash
1961 - "Evening with Yves Montand" opens at John
Golden NYC for 55 perfs
1962 - In Cuban missile crisis, the US blockade of Cuba
begins
1963 - "110 in the Shade" opens at Broadhurst Theater
NYC for 330 perfs
1963 - KRO shows 1st Bonanza
1963 - Sandy Koufax is unanimous winner of Cy Young Award
1964 - "Cambridge Circus" closes at Plymouth
Theater NYC after 23 perfs
1964 - 18th Olympic games close at Tokyo, Japan
1964 - Belgian para's liberate 1,000 white hostages in
Stanleyville
1964 - Dr Kenneth David Kaunda becomes president of Zambia
1964 - Zambia (N Rhodesia) gains independence from Britain
(National Day)
1964 - Khalid "Billy" Ibadulla scores 166 on
Cricket debut v Australia
1964 - Test Cricket debut of Asif Iqbal, Majid Khan &
Khalid Ibadulla v Aust
1965 - Benjamin Britten's "Voices for Today,"
premieres
1965 - Marlene Hagge wins LPGA Phoenix Thunderbirds Golf
Tournament
1968 - Mick Jagger & Marianne Faithful busted for pot,
released on £50 bail
1969 - Hanif, Mushtaq & Sadiq Mohammad start their only
Test Cricket together
1970 - Nancy Walker creates Ida Morgenstein role on Mary
Tyler Moore Show
1970 - Salvador Allende Gossens elected president of Chile
1971 - Harry Drake sets longest arrow flight by a footbow (1
mile 268 yds)
1971 - Texas Stadium opens-Cowboys beat Patriots 44-21
1973 - Heavy fog causes 65 car collision killing 9 on NJ
Turnpike
1973 - John Lennon sues US government to admit FBI is
tapping his phone
1973 - Yom Kippur War ends, Israel 65 miles from Cairo, 26
from Damascus
1974 - Billy Martin named AL Manager of Year (Texas Rangers)
1975 - Turkish diplomat shot dead in Paris
1976 - 1st Jewish film & TV festival
1976 - 6th NYC Women's Marathon won by Miki Gorman in
2:39:11
1976 - 7th NYC Marathon won by Bill Rodgers in 2:10:10
1976 - Hua Guofeng succeeds Mao as China's party leader
1976 - Sadiq & Mushtaq Mohammad score tons in same Test
Cricket innings v NZ
1978 - Keith Richards convicted of heroin possession in
Toronto
1978 - NHL Toronto Maple Leafs set own team record of 28 pts
vs NY Islanders
1979 - Billy Martin punches a marshmallow salesman, puts job
in jeopardy
Musician & member of the Beatles Paul McCartneyMusician
& member of the Beatles Paul McCartney 1979 - Guinness Book of Records
presents Paul McCartney with a rhodium disc
1980 - Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test
Site
1980 - Iraqi troops occupies Khorramshar
1980 - John Lennon releases "(Just Like) Starting
Over" in UK
1980 - Polish government legalizes independent labor union
Solidarity
1982 - "Rock 'n Roll!: The 1st..." opens at St
James Theater NYC for 9 perfs
1982 - 12th NYC Women's Marathon won by Grete Waitz in
2:27:14
1982 - 13th NYC Marathon won by Alberto Salazar in 2:09:29
1984 - 11 members of Colombo crime family arrested
1984 - Intelsat 5 re-enters Earth's atmosphere 5 months
after it failed
1984 - Steffi Graf plays her 1st pro tennis match
1986 - Dodgers' Bill Russell, 38, announces his retirement
1986 - Great Britain drops diplomatic relations with Syria
1987 - Bork's supreme court nomination rejected by senate
1987 - NBC technicians accept pact, end 118 day strike
Tennis Player Steffi GrafTennis Player Steffi Graf 1988 - NY
Islander's & NHL high scorer, Mike Bossy retires
1988 - Traveling Wilburys Volume One is released
1988 - Typhoon Ruby sinks Philippine ferry; hundreds drown
1989 - After a weeks delay due to earthquake, World Series
game 3 is played
1989 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1989 - Rev Jim Bakker is sentenced to 50 years for fraud
1990 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1991 - "Dancing at Lughnasa" opens at Plymouth
Theater NYC for 421 perfs
1991 - Larry Ryckman purchases CFL Calgary Stampeders
1992 - Toronto Blue Jays beat Atl Braves, 4 games to 2, in
88th World Series
1993 - "Wonderful Tennessee" opens at Plymouth
Theater NYC for 9 performances
1994 - Bomb attack on opposition in Sri Lanka, 55+ killed
1995 - Total solar eclipse in SW/S Asia (2m09s)
1996 - Hasan Raza makes Test Cricket debut for Pakistan age
14 yrs 238 days
1996 - Last game at Atlanta County Fulton Stadium. Yanks win
record 8th straight road post season win (with no loses)
1997 - Marv Albert sentenced in assault case
1998 - Launch of Deep Space 1 comet/asteroid mission
2002 - Police arrest spree killers John Allen Muhammad and
Lee Boyd Malvo, ending the Beltway sniper attacks in the area around
Washington, DC.
2003 - Concorde makes its last commercial flight.
2004 - 10 people, including 4 family members of Rick
Hendrick, are killed in a plane crash near Martinsville Speedway. The plane was
owned by NASCAR team Hendrick Motorsports.
2006 - Justice Rutherford of the Ontario Superior Court of
Justice struck down the "motive clause", an important part of the
Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act.
2008 - "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's
stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history, with drops of
around 10% in most indices.
2009 - First International Day of Climate Action, organized
with 350.org, a global campaign to address a claimed global warming crisis.
2012 - Libyan militias capture Bani Walid resulting in 130
civilian deaths
2012 - 3 people are shot dead and two critically wounded
after being shot by an unknown gunman in Downey, California
2012 - Hurricane Sandy makes landfall in Jamaica killing 1
person and causing over $50 million in damage
1537 - Jane Seymour, the third wife of England's King Henry VIII, died after giving birth to Prince Edward. Prince Edward became King Edward VI. 1632 - Scientist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek was born in Delft, Holland. He created the first microscope lenses that were powerful enough to observe single-celled animals. 1648 - The Holy Roman Empire was effectively destroyed by the Peace of Westphalia that brought an end to the Thirty Years War. 1788 - Poet Sarah Joseph Hale was born. She wrote the poem "Mary Had A Little Lamb." 1795 - The country of Poland was divided up between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. 1830 - Belva Lockwood was born. She was the first woman formally nominated for the U.S. Presidency. 1836 - Alonzo D. Phillips received a patent for the phosphorous friction safety match. 1861 - The first transcontinental telegraph message was sent when Justice Stephen J. Field of California transmitted a telegram to U.S. President Lincoln. 1901 - Daredevil Anna Edson Taylor became the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a wooden barrel. She was 63 years old. 1929 - In the U.S., investors dumped more than 13 million shares on the stock market. The day is known as "Black Thursday." 1931 - The upper level of the George Washington Bridge opened for traffic between New York and New Jersey. 1939 - Nylon stockings were sold to the public for the first time in Wilmington, DE. 1940 - In the U.S., the 40-hour workweek went into effect under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. 1945 - The United Nations (UN) was formally established less than a month after the end of World War II. The Charter was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories. 1945 - Pierre Laval of France and Vidkum Abraham Quisling of Norway were executed. The two men were recognized as the two most prominent collaborators of the Nazis. 1948 - The term "cold war" was used for the first time. It was in a speech by Bernard Baruch before the Senate War Investigating Committee. 1949 - The cornerstone for the U.N. Headquarters was laid in New York City. 1960 - All remaining American-owned property in Cuba was nationalized. The process of nationalizing all U.S. and foreign-owned property in Cuban had begun on August 6, 1960. 1962 - During the Cuban Missile Crisis, U.S. military forces went on the highest alert in the postwar era in preparation for a possible full-scale war with the Soviet Union. The U.S. blockade of Cuba officially began on this day. 1969 - Richard Burton bought his wife Elizabeth Taylor a 69-carat Cartier diamond ring for $1.5 million. Burton presented the ring to Taylor several days later. 1986 - Britain broke off relations with Syria after a Jordanian was convicted in an attempted bombing. The evidence in the trial led to the belief that Syria was involved in the attack on the Israeli jetliner. 1989 - Reverend Jim Bakker was sentenced to 45 years in prison and fined $500,000 for his conviction on 24 counts of fraud. In 1991, his sentence was reduced to eighteen years and he was released on parole after a total five years in prison. 1992 - The Toronto Blue Jays became the first non-U.S. team to win the World Series. 1997 - In Arlington, VA, former NBC sportscaster Marv Albert was spared a jail sentence after a courtroom apology to the woman he'd bitten during a sexual encounter. 1999 - An Israeli court sentenced American teen-ager Samuel Sheinbein to 24 years in prison. The crime was killing an acquaintance in Maryland in 1997. 2001 - The U.S. House of Representatives approved legislation that gave police the power to secretly search homes, tap all of a person's telephone conversation and track people's use of the Internet. 2001 - The U.S. stamp "United We Stand" was dedicated. 2001 - NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft successfully entered orbit around Mars. 2002 - Microsoft Corp. and Walt Disney Co. announced the release of an upgraded MSN Internet service with Disney content. Disney movies, music and books 2003 - In London, the last commercial supersonic Concorde flight landed.
1648 The treaties for the Peace of Westphalia were signed, ending the Thirty Years War, ultimately destroying the Holy Roman Empire, and ushering in the modern European state system. 1901 Anna Edson Taylor became the first person to survive going over Niagara Falls in a barrel. 1931 The George Washington Bridge, connecting New York and New Jersey, opened to traffic. 1939 Nylon stockings were sold publicly for the first time, in Wilmington, Del. 1940 The 40-hour work week went into effect under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. 1945 The United Nations officially came into being as its charter took effect. 1992 The Toronto Blue Jays became the first non-U.S. team to win the World Series. 2003 The last Concordes landed in London, ending supersonic air travel. 2005 Civil rights activist Rosa Parks, 92, died.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/oct24.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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