Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in 896, Pope Formosa crowned King Arnulf of Karinthie/French emperor. In 1071 on this day, the Battle of Cassel was fought, when Robert I the Frisian defeated Arnulf III/I. Simon de Brion was elected Pope Martinus IV on this day in 1281. On this day in 1288, Girolamo Masci was elected Pope Nicolas IV. In 1300 on this day, Pope Boniface VIII delegated degree. Jews were expelled from Zurich, Switzerland, on this day in 1349. French King Charles VIII entered Naples to claim the crown on this day in 1495. In 1561 on this day, William of Orange was appointed Viceroy of Burgundy/Charolais. On this day in 1630, Native Americans introduced the pilgrims to popcorn. Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published on this day in 1632. On this day in 1819, the U.S. acquired Spanish Florida, after Spanish minister Do Luis de Onis and U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams signed the Florida Purchase Treaty, in which Spain agreed to cede the remainder of its old province of Florida to the United States.
Feb 22, 1917: Mussolini wounded by mortar bomb On February 22, 1917, Sergeant Benito Mussolini is wounded by the accidental explosion of a mortar bomb on the Isonzo section of the Italian Front in World War I. Born in Predappio, Italy, in 1883, the son of a blacksmith and a teacher, Mussolini was well-read, largely self-educated and had worked as a schoolteacher and a socialist journalist. He was arrested and jailed for leading demonstrations in the Forli province against the Italian war in Libya in 1911-12. The editor of Avanti!, the Socialist Party newsletter in Milan, Mussolini was one of the most effective socialist journalists in Europe. In 1912, at the age of 29, he took the reins of the Italian Socialist Party at the Congress of Reggio Emilia, preaching a strict Marxist socialism that prompted Vladimir Lenin to write in a Russian publication that The party of the Italian socialist proletariat has taken the right path. Mussolini early on denounced the Great War, which broke out in 1914, as an imperialist conflict; he later reversed his position and began to advocate Italian entrance into the war on the side of the Allies. He left the Socialist Party in 1915 over its neutrality, believing that Italian participation in the Great War would boost its claims on recovered territory in Austria-Hungary after the war. Enlisting in the army, Mussolini was sent to the front at Isonzo, on the eastern end of the Italian Front near the Isonzo River, after Italy's long-awaited entrance into the war in May 1915. The mortar bomb that exploded during a training exercise on February 22, 1917, killed four of Mussolini's fellow soldiers. He escaped alive, but spent six months in the hospital, where 44 fragments of shell were removed from his body. Discharged from the army after his release from the hospital, Mussolini headed back to Milan, where he started his own newspaper, Il Popolo d'Italia (The People of Italy), in which he published articles attacking those in Italy who voiced anti-war sentiments. In the immediate post-war period, Mussolini and a group of fellow young war veterans founded the Fasci di Combattimento, a right-wing, strongly nationalistic, anti-Socialist movement named for the fasces, the ancient Roman symbol for discipline. Fascism grew rapidly in the 1920s, winning support from rich landowners, the army and the monarchy; the growing strength of Mussolini and his now notorious black-shirt militia led King Vittorio Emmanuel III to invite the charismatic leader to form a coalition government in 1922. By 1926, Benito Mussolini, now known as Il Duce, had consolidated power for himself, transforming Italy into a single-party, totalitarian state that would later, alongside Japan and Adolf Hitler's Germany, return to the battlefield against the Allies in the Second World War.
On this day in 1968 during the American war in Vietnam, the Tet Offensive ended. The American war effort in Vietnam was hit hard by the North Vietnamese Tet Offensive, which ended on this day in 1968. Claims by President Lyndon Johnson that the offensive was a complete failure were misleading. Though the North Vietnamese death toll was 20 times that of its enemies, strongholds previously thought impenetrable had been shaken. The prospect of increasing American forces added substantial strength to the anti-war movement and led to Johnson's announcement that he would not seek re-election.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
• On this day in 896, Pope Formosa crowned King Arnulf of Karinthie/French emperor.
• In 1071 on this day, the Battle of Cassel was fought, when Robert I the Frisian defeated Arnulf III/I.
• Simon de Brion was elected Pope Martinus IV on this day in 1281.
• On this day in 1288, Girolamo Masci was elected Pope Nicolas IV.
• In 1300 on this day, Pope Boniface VIII delegated degree.
• Jews were expelled from Zurich, Switzerland, on this day in 1349.
• French King Charles VIII entered Naples to claim the crown on this day in 1495.
• In 1561 on this day, William of Orange was appointed Viceroy of Burgundy/Charolais.
• On this day in 1630, Native Americans introduced the pilgrims to popcorn.
Replica of the statue of Galileo Galilei outside of Carnegie Museums of Natural History
• Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was published on this day in 1632.
1656 - New Amsterdam granted a Jewish burial site
1744 - Battle at Toulon: English-French & Spanish fleet
1746 - French troops conquer Brussels
1746 - Jakobijnse troops vacate Aberdeen
1774 - British House of Lords rules authors do not have perpetual copyright
1775 - 1st US joint stock company (to make cloth) offers shares at 10 cents
1775 - Jews expelled from outskirts of Warsaw Poland
1784 - 1st US ship to trade with China, "Empress of China," sails from NY
1797 - The Last Invasion of Britain by the French, begins near Fishguard, Wales.
Astronomer & Physicist Galileo GalileiAstronomer & Physicist Galileo Galilei
1819 - Spain renounces claims to Oregon Country, Florida (Adams-Onís Treaty)
On this day in 1819, the U.S. acquired Spanish Florida, after Spanish minister Do Luis de Onis and U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams signed the Florida Purchase Treaty, in which Spain agreed to cede the remainder of its old province of Florida to the United States. Spanish colonization of the Florida peninsula began at St. Augustine in 1565. The Spanish colonists enjoyed a brief period of relative stability before Florida came under attack from resentful Native Americans and ambitious English colonists to the north in the 17th century. Spain's last-minute entry into the French and Indian War on the side of France cost it Florida, which the British acquired through the first Treaty of Paris in 1763. After 20 years of British rule, however, Florida was returned to Spain as part of the second Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolution in 1783. Spain's hold on Florida was tenuous in the years after American independence, and numerous boundary disputes developed with the United States. In 1819, after years of negotiations, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams achieved a diplomatic coup with the signing of the Florida Purchase Treaty, which officially put Florida into U.S. hands at no cost beyond the U.S. assumption of some $5 million of claims by U.S. citizens against Spain. Formal U.S. occupation began in 1821, and General Andrew Jackson, the hero of the War of 1812, was appointed military governor. Florida was organized as a U.S. territory in 1822 and was admitted into the Union as a slave state in 1845.
1821 - Spain sells (east) Florida to United States for $5 million
1825 - Russia & Britain establish Alaska-Canada boundary
1828 - Russia & Persia sign Peace of Turkmantsjai
1835 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin leave Valdivia Chile
1836 - Dutch garrison evacuates fort Du Bus New Guinea
1847 - Battle of Buena Vista: US troops beat Mexican army
1854 - 1st meeting of Republican Party (Michigan)
1856 - 1st national meeting of Republican Party (Pittsburgh)
1858 - Dion Boucicault's "Jessie Brown," premieres in NYC
1860 - Organized baseball played in SF for 1st time
1860 - Shoe-making workers of Lynn Ms, strike successfully for higher wages
1861 - On a bet Edward Weston leaves Boston to walk to Lincoln's inauguration
1864 - -27] Battle at Dalton Georgia
1864 - 2nd/last day of Battle of Okolona, MS
Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1864 - Skirmish at Calfkiller Creek (Sparta) Tennessee
1865 - Battle of Wilmington, NC (Fort Anderson) occupied by Federals
1865 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution abolishing slavery
1872 - 1st national convention of Prohibition Party (Columbus Ohio)
1876 - Johns Hopkins University opens
1878 - Greenback Labor Party forms (Toledo Ohio)
1879 - 1st 5 cent & 10 cent store opened by Frank W Woolworth (Utica NY)
1882 - With 120 miles James Saunders wins NYC's 24 hour race & $100 prize
1882 - The Serbian kingdom is refounded.
1887 - Union Labor Party organized in Cincinnati
1888 - John Reid of Scotland demonstrates golf to Americans (Yonkers NY)
1889 - US President Cleveland signs bill to admit Dakotas, Montana & Washington state to the union
1892 - "Lady Windermere's Fan" by Oscar Wilde premieres at St James (London)
1892 - Manitoba Rugby Football Union forms
1898 - Black postmaster lynched, his wife & 3 daughters shot in Lake City SC
Writer/Poet Oscar WildeWriter/Poet Oscar Wilde 1900 - Battle at Wynne's Hill, South-Africa (Boers vs British army)
1900 - Hawaii became a US territory
1903 - Due to drought the US side of Niagara Falls runs short of water
1904 - The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina, the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.
1906 - Black evangelist William J Seymour arrives in LA Calif
1907 - 1st cabs with taxi meters begin operating in London
1907 - Leonid N Andreyev's "Zhizn Cheloveka," premieres in St Petersburg
1909 - Great White Fleet, 1st US fleet to circle the globe, returns to Va
1912 - J Vedrines makes 1st airplane flight over 100 mph-161.29 kph
1913 - Lowell HS, SF opens (on its 1st campus)
1915 - Germany begins "unrestricted" submarine war
1917 - German Navy torpedoes 7 Dutch ships
1918 - Germany claims Baltic states, Finland & Ukraine from Russia
1920 - 1st artificial rabbit used at a dog race track (Emeryville California)
1922 - Congress authorizes Grant Memorial $1 gold coin
1923 - 1st successful chinchilla farm in US (Los Angeles California)
1923 - Transcontinental airmail service begins
1927 - ARC soccer team forms in Alphen on the Rhine
1927 - Baruch Spinosa's house of mourning opened as a museum
1928 - 1st solo England to Australia flight lands (Bert Hinkler)
1932 - Purple Heart award reinstituted
Nazi Politician Hermann GoeringNazi Politician Hermann Goering 1933 - Hermann Goering forms SA/SS-police, shoots 40-50
1934 - "It Happened One Night," opens at NY's Radio City Music Hall
1935 - Airplanes are no longer permitted to fly over the White House
1936 - Construction on Ypenburg Neth airport begins
1939 - Netherlands recognizes Franco regime in Spain
1940 - Finnish troops vacate Koivisto island
1940 - German air force sinks 2 German destroyers, killing 578
1941 - Arthur "Bomber" Harris becomes British Air Marshal
1941 - German assault on El Agheila Libya
1941 - IG Farben decides building Buna-Werke in Auschwitz Concentration Camp
1941 - Nazi SS begin rounding up Jews of Amsterdam
1941 - Paul Creston's 1st Symphony, premieres
1941 - Roy Harris' "Ballad of a Railroad Man," premieres
1942 - World War II: President Franklin Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as American defenses collapse
1943 - Members of White Rose are executed in Nazi Germany.
WW2 General Douglas MacArthurWW2 General Douglas MacArthur 1944 - US 8th Air Force bombs Enschede, Arnhem & Nijmegen by mistake/800+ die
1945 - Arab League forms (Cairo)
1945 - British troops take Ramree Island, Burma
1945 - Canadian 3rd Division occupies Moyland
1948 - Arabs bomb attack in Jerusalem, 50 die
1950 - Brockway & Weinstock publish "Men of Music" (rev ed)
1955 - British aircraft carrier Ark Royal sets sail
1956 - 1st British soccer match at Kunstlicht: Portsmouth vs Newcastle United
1956 - Elvis Presley's 1st hit in Billboard's top 10: "Heartbreak Hotel"
1957 - Jockey Ted Atkinson, 3,500th win
1957 - Walter O'Malley says Dodgers may play 10 exhibitions in California in 1958
1958 - "Portotino" closes at Adelphi Theater NYC after 3 performances
1958 - Australian swimmer Jon Konrads sets 6 world records in 2 days
1958 - Egypt & Syria form United Arab Republic (UAR)
1958 - Indonesian air force bombs Padang, Sumatra/Menado, Celebes
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger & Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1959 - 1st Daytona 500 auto race-Lee Petty wins (135.521 MPH)
1962 - Wilt Chamberlain sets NBA record with 34 free throw attempts
1963 - Beatles begin their own music publishing company (Northern Songs)
1964 - Beatles arrive back in England after their 1st US visit
1965 - USSR launches Kosmos 57 into earth orbit (Voskhod Test)
1966 - Soviets launch Kosmos 110 with Veterok & Ugolek, 1st 2-dog crew
1967 - Barbara Garson's "MacBird," premieres in NYC
1967 - Sling-shot goal post & 6' wide border around field are standard in NFL
1967 - 25,000 US & S Vietnamese troops launched Operation Junction City, offensive to smash Viet Cong stronghold near Cambodian border
1968 - Rock group Genesis release their 1st record "Silent Sun"
1969 - Barbara Jo Rubin becomes 1st female jockey to win at a major US track
1970 - "Charles Aznavour" closes at Music Box Theater NYC after 23 perfs
1971 - Lt Gen Hafiz al-Assad becomes President of Syria
1972 - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani becomes Amir & Prime Minister of Qatar
1972 - President Nixon, meets with Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai in Beijing
1973 - US & China agree to establish liaison offices in Beijing & Wash DC
1974 - Ethiopian police shoot at demonstrators
1976 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Bent Tree Golf Classic
1978 - 2 tankers with propane gas explode killing 15 at Waverly, Tenn
1979 - Billy Martin named manager of Oakland A's
1979 - Cleveland Metroparks Zoo's Primate & Cat Building is dedicated
1979 - St Lucia gains independence from Britain
1980 - Afghanistan declares martial law
1980 - USA beats USSR in Olympic hockey 4-3 en route to a gold medal
1981 - Amy Alcott wins LPGA Bent Tree Ladies Golf Classic
1982 - NYC Mayor Koch announces he will run for NY governor (unsuccessful)
1983 - Harold Washington wins Chicago's Democratic mayoral primary
1983 - Hindus kill 3000 Moslems in Assam, India
1983 - Vladimir Salnikov (USSR) sets 1500m free style swimming record
1984 - Brothers Anton & Peter Stastny score 8 pts each for NHL Quebec
1986 - Start of the People Power Revolution in the Philippines.
1987 - Bruno Marie-Rose runs world record 200m indoor (20.36 sec)
1988 - Bonnie Blair skates world record 500m (39.10 sec)
1989 - Fins ministry of Public health installs sex vacation to thwart stress
1989 - NY Lotto pays $26.9 million to one winner (#s are 1-5-12-19-44-50)
Physicist Stephen HawkingPhysicist Stephen Hawking 1989 - UK physicist Stephen Hawking calls Star Wars a "deliberate fraud"
1989 - US authors demonstrate against Iranian death treats against Salman Rushdee, author of "Satanic Rituals"
1989 - 31st Grammy Awards: Don't Worry Be Happy, Faith, Tracy Chapman
1989 - 1st Spanish commercial on network TV (Pepsi-Cola-CBS Grammy Award)
1990 - 1st day India v NZ cricket at Auckland NZ 5-78 at lunch, 9-387 stumps
1991 - Bush & US Gulf War allies give Iraq 24 hrs to begin Kuwait withdrawal
1991 - Kelli McCarty, 21, (Kansas), crowned 40th Miss USA
1991 - Test Cricket debut of Sanath Jayasuriya, vs NZ at Hamilton
1992 - "Park Your Car in Harvard Yard" closes at Music Box NYC
1992 - Barry Diller resigns as CEO of Fox
1992 - Lisa Walters wins LPGA Itoki Hawaiian Ladies Open Golf Tournament
1992 - Rockers Kurt Corbin (Nirvana) & Courtney Love (Hole), wed
1993 - Vinod Kambli scores 224 v England at Bombay, 411 balls, 23 fours
1994 - "Les Miserables," opens at Chunichi Theatre, Nagoya
1995 - Algiers police kill at least 99 prison rioters
Singer-Songwriter Courtney LoveSinger-Songwriter Courtney Love 1995 - Steve Fossett completes 1st air balloon over Pacific Ocean (9600 km)
1996 - "Bus Stop" opens at Circle in Sq Theater NYC for 29 performances
1996 - Actress Halle Berry files for divorce from David Justice
1996 - STS 75 (Columbia 19), launches into orbit
1997 - Annika Sorenstam wins LPGA Cup Noodles Hawaiian Ladies Open
1998 - "King & I," closes at Neil Simon Theater NYC after 781 performances
1998 - 18th Winter Olympic games close at Nagano Japan
2002 - Angolan political and rebel leader Jonas Savimbi is killed in a military ambush.
2006 - At least six men stage Britain's biggest robbery ever, stealing £53m (about $92.5 million or 78€ million) from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent.
2011 - An earthquake measuring 6.3 in magnitude strikes Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 181 people
2012 - Train crash in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 50 and injures hundreds
2013 - 29 people are killed and 150 are injured by by 3 Syrian army missiles in Aleppo
2013 - 13 Chadian soldiers and 65 Muslim insurgents are killed in conflict in Northern Mali
2013 - The UK's credit rating is downgraded from AAA to AA1 by Moody's Investors Service
1630 - Quadequine introduced popcorn to English colonists at their first Thanksgiving dinner. 1784 - "Empress of China", a U.S. merchant ship, left New York City for the Far East. 1819 - Spain ceded Florida to the United States. 1855 - The U.S. Congress voted to appropriate $200,000 for continuance of the work on the Washington Monument. The next morning the resolution was tabled and it would be 21 years before the Congress would vote on funds again. Work was continued by the Know-Nothing Party in charge of the project. 1859 - U.S. President Buchanan approved the Act of February 22, 1859, which incorporated the Washington National Monument Society "for the purpose of completing the erection now in progress of a great National Monument to the memory of Washington at the seat of the Federal Government." 1860 - Organized baseball’s first game was played in San Francisco, CA. 1865 - In the U.S., Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery. 1879 - In Utica, NY, Frank W. Woolworth opened his first 5 and 10-cent store. 1885 - The Washington Monument was officially dedicated in Washington, DC. It opened to the public in 1889. 1892 - "Lady Windermere's Fan", by Oscar Wilde, was first performed. 1920 - The first dog race track to use an imitation rabbit opened in Emeryville, CA. 1923 - The first successful chinchilla farm opened in Los Angeles, CA. It was the first farm of its kind in the U.S. 1924 - U.S. President Calvin Coolidge delivered the first presidential radio broadcast from the White House. 1954 - ABC radio’s popular "Breakfast Club" program was simulcast on TV for the first time. 1969 - Barbara Jo Rubin became the first woman to win a U.S. thoroughbred horse race. 1973 - The U.S. and Communist China agreed to establish liaison offices. 1984 - The U.S. Census Bureau statistics showed that the state of Alaska was the fastest growing state of the decade with an increase in population of 19.2 percent. 1994 - The U.S. Justice Department charged Aldrich Ames and his wife with selling national secrets to the Soviet Union. Ames was later convicted to life in prison. Ames' wife received a 5-year prison term. 1997 - Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and colleagues announced that an adult sheep had been successfully cloned. Dolly was actually born on July 5, 1996. Dolly was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. 2002 - In the Philippines, An MH-47E Chinook helicopter crashed into the ocean. All 10 men aboard were killed.
1371 Robert II succeeded to the throne of Scotland, beginning the Stuart dynasty. 1819 Spain ceded Florida to the United States. 1879 Frank Winfield Woolworth opened his first "Five Cent Store" in Utica, New York. 1924 Calvin Coolidge made the first presidential radio broadcast from the White House. 1935 Airplanes were no longer permitted to fly over the White House. 1980 In a major upset, the U.S. Olympic hockey team defeated the Soviets 4–3 at Lake Placid, N.Y.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/feb22.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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