http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Jan 29, 1979: Deng Xiaoping and Jimmy Carter sign accords
On January 29, 1979, Deng Xiaoping, deputy premier of China, meets President Jimmy Carter, and together they sign historic new accords that reverse decades of U.S. opposition to the People's Republic of China.
Deng Xiaoping lived out a full and complete transformation of China. The son of a landowner, he joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1920 and participated in Mao Zedong's Long March in 1934. In 1945, he was appointed to the Party Central Committee and, with the 1949 victory of the communists in the Chinese Civil War, became the regional party leader of southwestern China. Called to Beijing as deputy premier in 1952, he rose rapidly, became general secretary of the CCP in 1954, and a member of the ruling Political Bureau in 1955.
A major policy maker, he advocated individualism and material incentives in China's attempt to modernize its economy, which often brought him into conflict with Mao and his orthodox communist beliefs. With the launch of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Deng was attacked as a capitalist and removed from high party and government posts. He disappeared from public view and worked in a tractor factory, but in 1973 was reinstated by Premier Zhou Enlai, who again made him deputy premier. When Zhou fell ill in 1975, Deng became the effective leader of China. In January 1976, Zhou died, and in the subsequent power struggle Deng was purged by the "Gang of Four"--strict Maoists who had come to power in the Cultural Revolution. In September, however, Mao Zedong died, and Deng was rehabilitated after the Gang of Four fell from power. He resumed his post as deputy premier, often overshadowing Premier Hua Guofeng.
Deng sought to open China to foreign investment and create closer ties with the West. In January 1979, he signed accords with President Jimmy Carter, and later that year the United States granted full diplomatic recognition to the People's Republic of China.
In 1981, Deng strengthened his position by replacing Hua Guofeng with his protege, Hu Yaobang, and together the men instituted widespread economic reforms in China. The reforms were based on capitalist models, such as the decentralization of various industries, material incentives as the reward for economic success, and the creation of a skilled and well-educated financial elite. As chief adviser to a series of successors, he continued to be the main policy maker in China during the 1980s.
Under Deng, China's economy rapidly grew, and citizens enjoyed expanded personal, economic, and cultural freedoms. Political freedoms were still greatly restricted, however, and China continued as an authoritative one-party state. In 1989, Deng hesitantly supported the government crackdown on the democratic demonstrations in Tiananmen Square. Later that year, he resigned his last party post but continued to be an influential adviser to the Chinese government until his death in 1997.
Jan 29, 1891: Liliuokalani proclaimed queen of Hawaii
Following the death of her brother, King Kalakaua, Liliuokalani becomes the last monarch of the Hawaiian Islands.
Hawaii, first settled by Polynesian voyagers sometime in the eighth century, saw a massive influx of American settlers during the 19th century, most coming to exploit Hawaii's burgeoning sugar industry. In 1887, under pressure from U.S. investors and American sugar planters, King Kalakaua agreed to a new constitution that stripped him of much of his power. However, in 1891, Liliuokalani ascended to the throne and refused to recognize the constitution of 1887, replacing it instead with a constitution that restored the monarchy's traditional authority.
Two years later, a revolutionary "Committee of Safety," organized by Sanford B. Dole, a Hawaiian-born American, staged a coup against Queen Liliuokalani with the support of U.S. Minister John Stevens and a division of U.S. Marines. Stevens recognized Dole's new government on his own authority and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. Dole submitted a treaty of annexation to the U.S. Senate, but most Democrats opposed it, especially after it was revealed that most Hawaiians did not want annexation. President Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the throne under the 1887 constitution, but Dole refused to step aside and instead proclaimed the independent Republic of Hawaii, which was organized into a U.S. territory in 1900.
Liliuokalani herself spent much of the remainder of her life in the United States, where she unsuccessfully petitioned the federal government for compensation for seized property and other losses. The territorial legislature of Hawaii finally voted her an annual pension of $4,000 and permitted her to receive the income from a small sugar plantation. In additional to her political fame, Liliuokalani is also known for composing many Hawaiian songs, including the popular "Aloha Oe," which translates to "Farewell to Thee."
Jan 29, 1979: School shooting in San Diego
Brenda Spencer kills two men and wounds nine children as they enter the Grover Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego. Spencer blazed away with rifle shots from her home directly across the street from the school. After 20 minutes of shooting, police surrounded Spencer's home for six hours before she surrendered. Asked for some explanation for the attack, Spencer allegedly said, "I just don't like Mondays. I did this because it's a way to cheer up the day. Nobody likes Mondays."
Spencer was only 16 years old at the time of her murderous attack. She was a problem child who was widely known as a drug abuser with a violent streak. She repeatedly broke the windows at the Cleveland school with her BB gun. Still, her father gave her a .22 semi-automatic rifle and ammunition as a Christmas gift at the end of 1978.
This seemed to inspire Spencer into more grandiose plans, and she started telling her classmates that she was going to do something "to get on TV." When Monday morning rolled around, Burton Wragg, the principal of Cleveland Elementary, was opening the gates of the school when Spencer started firing her rifle from across the street. Wragg and custodian Michael Suchar were killed. "I just started shooting. That's it. I just did it for the fun of it," explained Spencer.
Spencer's hatred for the first day of the school week was later memorialized by Bob Geldof, the leader of the rock group The Boomtown Rats, in the song, "I Don't Like Mondays."
Spencer, who pled guilty to two counts of murder and assault with a deadly weapon, is currently serving a term of 25 years to life at the California Institution for Women in Corona, California. She has been denied parole four times, most recently in 2005.
Jan 29, 1845: "The Raven" is published
Edgar Allan Poe's famous poem "The Raven," beginning "Once upon a midnight dreary," is published on this day in the New York Evening Mirror.
Poe's dark and macabre work reflected his own tumultuous and difficult life. Born in Boston in 1809, Poe was orphaned at age three and went to live with the family of a Richmond, Virginia, businessman. Poe enrolled in a military academy but was expelled for gambling. He later studied briefly at the University of Virginia.
In 1827, Poe self-published a collection of poems. Six years later, his short story "MS Found in a Bottle" won $50 in a story contest. He edited a series of literary journals, including the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond starting in 1835, and Burton's Gentleman's Magazine in Philadelphia, starting in 1839. Poe's excessive drinking got him fired from several positions. His macabre work, often portraying motiveless crimes and intolerable guilt that induces growing mania in his characters, was a significant influence on such European writers as Charles Baudelaire, Stephane Mallarme, and even Dostoyevsky.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the
papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
1523 - Sermon of Constanz: Zwingli defends 67 Schlussreden
1574 - Sea battle of Reimerswaal - Admiral Boisot beats
Spanish fleet
1587 - Deventer & Zutphen surrender to Spain
1595 - William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is
probably first performed.
1613 - Galileo observes Neptune but fails to recognize what
he sees
1676 - Feodor III succeeds his father and becomes Tsar of
Russia.
1728 - John Gays' "Beggar's Opera," premieres in
London [NS=Feb 9]
1732 - Paris churchyard Saint-Medard closed after
Jansenistic ritual
1781 - Mozart's opera "Idomeneo" premieres, Munich
1802 - John Beckley of Virginia appointed 1st Librarian of
Congress
1834 - President Jackson orders 1st use of US troops to
suppress a labor dispute
1845 - Edgar Allen Poe's "Raven" 1st published
(NYC)
1848 - Sicily accepts new Constitution (choose
parliament/freedom of press)
1850 - Henry Clay introduces a comprise bill on slavery to
US Senate
1856 - Victoria Cross established to acknowledge bravery
1860 - American College established in Rome by Pope Pius IX
1861 - Kansas becomes 34th state
1863 - Battle at Bear River, Washington: US army vs indians
Playwright William ShakespearePlaywright William Shakespeare
1872 - Francis L Cardoza elected State Treasurer of South Carolina
1879 - Custer Battlefield National Monument, Mont
established
1886 - 1st successful gasoline-driven car patented, Karl
Benz, Karlsruhe
1891 - Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen of Hawaii, its last
monarch.
1895 - King Koko's Kopermannen assault on Akassa Niger,
100's killed
1896 - Emile Grubbe is 1st dr to use radiation treatment for
breast cancer
1900 - Boers under Joubert beat English at Spionkop Natal,
2,000 killed
1900 - American League organized in Buffalo, Chicago,
Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Milwaukee & Minneapolis
1903 - Dutch railroad workers strike
1904 - 1st athletic letters given (Univ of Chicago football
team)
1906 - Coen de King skates world record time: 32,370 km
1908 - Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, at Cornell University,
incorporates
1912 - Martial law declared in textile strike in Lawrence,
MA
1913 - Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, at Howard University,
incorporates
1916 - 1st bombings of Paris by German Zeppelins takes place
1917 - English submarine K13 leaves Gaire Loch
1919 - Secretary of state proclaims 18th amendment
(prohibition)
Animator Walt DisneyAnimator Walt Disney 1920 - Walt Disney
starts 1st job as an artist; $40 week with KC Slide Co
1921 - Hurricane hits Washington & Oregon
1922 - Union of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras & El
Salvador dissolved
1923 - 1st flight of autogiro (Juan de la Cierva, Madrid
Spain)
1924 - Ice cream cone rolling machine patented by Carl
Taylor, Cleveland
1925 - British Liberals choose David Lloyd George as party
leader
1927 - 4th German government of Marx forms
1929 - Seeing Eye Guide Dog Organization forms
1932 - Test debut of Bill O'Reilly, vs South Africa at
Adelaide
1933 - German president von Hindenburg appoints Hitler
chancellor
1936 - 1st players elected to Baseball Hall of Fame-Ty Cobb,
Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson & Walter Johnson
1942 - 1st broadcast of Roy Plomley's "Desert Island
Discs" on BBC
1942 - German & Italian troops occupy Banghazi
1942 - Peru & Ecuador sign Protocol of Rio (boundary
determiniation)
1943 - New Zealand's Kiwi cruiser collides with Jap sub I-1
at Guadalcanal
Baseball Great Babe RuthBaseball Great Babe Ruth 1943 -
Sidney Kingsley's "Patriots," premieres in NYC
1944 - 285 German bombers attack London
1944 - USS Missouri the last battleship commissioned by the
US Navy is launched.
1944 - World War II: The Battle of Cisterna takes place in
central Italy.
1944 - World War II: About 38 men, women, and children die
in the Koniuchy massacre in Poland.
1947 - Arthur Miller's "All My Sons," premieres in
NYC
1948 - "Look Ma, I'm Dancin'" opens at Adelphi
Theater NYC for 188 perfs
1948 - Commissioner Happy Chandler fines the Yankees, Cubs,
& Phillies $500 each for signing high school players
1949 - Brit, Belgium, Lux, Neth, NZ & Switz recognize
Israel
1951 - "Where's Charley?" opens at Broadway
Theater NYC for 56 performances
1951 - Baseball signs 6 year All-Star pact for TV-radio
rights for $6 million
1951 - Liz Taylor's 1st divorce (Conrad Hilton Jr)
1953 - 1st movie in Cinemascope (The Robe) premieres
1954 - Arnold Schoenberg's "De Profundis,"
premieres in Cologne
1955 - John Williams Cox buys Yankee Stadium, sells grounds
to Knights of Columbus, later leaves structure to Rice University (1962)
Playwright Arthur MillerPlaywright Arthur Miller 1956 - F
Durrenmatt's "Der Besuch der Alten Dame," premieres in Zurich
1957 - Graham Greene's "Potting Shed," premieres
in NYC
1958 - Murderer, Charles Starkweather, captured by police in
Wyoming
1958 - Paul Newman & Joanne Woodward wed
1959 - Walt Disney's "Sleeping Beauty" released
1961 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Laurence
Owen
1961 - US male Figure Skating championship won by Bradley
Lord
1963 - Jim Thorpe, Red Grange & George Halas elected to
football Hall of Fame
1964 - 9th Winter Olympic games open in Innsbruck, Austria
1964 - Beatles record in German "Komm, Gib Mir Diene
Hand" & "Sie Leibt Dich"
1964 - Most lopsided high-school basketball score 211-29
(Louisiana)
1964 - NBC purchases AFL 5 year (1965-69) TV rights for $36
million
1964 - Stanley Kubrick's "Dr Strangelove,"
premieres
1964 - Unmanned Apollo 1 Saturn launcher test attains Earth
orbit
1966 - "Sweet Charity" opens at Palace Theater NYC
for 608 performances
Film Director Stanley KubrickFilm Director Stanley Kubrick
1966 - Lawry & Simpson complete 244 opening stand v England, Adelaide
1966 - Snow storm in north east US kills 165
1966 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Peggy
Fleming
1966 - US male Figure Skating championship won by Scott
Allen
1967 - "Let's Sing Yiddish" closes at Brooks
Atkinson NYC after 107 perfs
1967 - Branch Rickey & Lloyd Waner elected to Baseball
Hall of Fame
1967 - Kees Verkerk becomes European skating champ
1967 - WDAZ TV channel 8 in Devils Lake, ND (ABC) begins
broadcasting
1968 - Nauru adopts constitution
1969 - Jimi Hendrix & Peter Townshend wage a battle of
guitars
1969 - Sheahan & Connolly hang on for exciting draw Aust
v W Indies
1970 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1971 - Test debut of Dennis Keith Lillee, v England at
Adelaide
1972 - 5th ABA All-Star Game: East 142 beats West 115 at
Louisville
1974 - 27th NHL All-Star Game: West beat East 6-4 at Chicago
Rock Guitarist Jimi HendrixRock Guitarist Jimi Hendrix 1975
- "Men on the Moon" opens at Little Theater NYC for 5 performances
1975 - 1st Annual Comedy Awards of the Year hosted by Alan
King
1975 - W I win Fifth Test against India to take exciting
series 3-2
1976 - Zeiss planetarium in Hague destroyed by fire
1978 - Joanne Carner wins Colgate Triple Crown Match-Play
Golf Championship
1978 - Sweden outlaws aerosol sprays due to their harmful
effect on the ozone layer, becoming the first nation to enact such a ban.
1979 - 9th AFC-NFC pro bowl, NFC wins 13-7
1979 - Brenda Spencer kills 2, inspires Boomtown Rats
"I Don't Like Mondays"
1979 - Chinese vice-premier Deng Xiaoping visits Washington,
DC
1979 - Emerson, Lake & Palmer disband after 10 years
together
1979 - NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 13-7
1979 - Pres Carter commuted Patricia Hearst's 7 year
sentence to 2 years
1980 - 6 Iranian held US hostages escape with help of
Canadians
1980 - Cleveland Cavaliers beat LA Lakers 154-153 in
quadruple OT
1981 - AL approves sale of White Sox to Jerry Reinsdorf
& Eddie Einhorn for $20 million, & 80% of Mariners to George Argyros
for $104 million
Chinese Communist Party Leader Deng XiaopingChinese Communist
Party Leader Deng Xiaoping 1982 - Old Dominion ends La Tech's women's
basketball rec 54-game win streak
1982 - Wayne Garland, baseball 1st millionaire free agent,
waived by Indians
1983 - "Down Under" by Men At Work hit #1 on UK
pop chart
1983 - 40th Golden Globes: Gandhi, ET & Tootsie win
1984 - 34th NBA All-Star Game: East beats West 154-145 (OT)
at Denver
1984 - NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 45-3
1984 - President Reagan formally announces he will seek a
2nd term
1984 - Silvia Bertolaccini wins LPGA Mazda Golf Classic of
Deer Creek
1984 - Space Shuttle 41-B (STS-11) Challenger launched
1985 - Jari Kurri of Edmonton Oilers scores 100th pt of
season in game 39
1986 - 193.8 million shares traded in NY Stock Exchange
1986 - Yoweri Museveni sworn in as president of Uganda
1987 - Lisa files for separation from husband NY Met Darryl
Strawberry
1987 - William J Casey, ends term as 13th director of CIA
1988 - Canadian Ben Johnson breaks own 50-yard dash world
record at 5.15
CIA Director William CaseyCIA Director William Casey 1988 -
Detroit's Kirk Gibson signs a 3-year contract with Dodgers
1988 - Largest NBA crowd-Boston Celtics at Detroit (61,938)
1988 - United Airlines Boeing 747SP, circles world in
36h54m15s
1989 - 77th Australian Men Tennis: Ivan Lendl beats Miloslav
Mecir (62 62 62)
1989 - Cleveland's Chris Dudley misses 5 free throws during
1 foul attempt
1989 - Dottie Mochrie wins Oldsmobile LPGA Golf Classic
1989 - Dow jumps 38.06 recoups 508-pt loss since Oct 1987; index
at 2,256.43
1989 - Episcopal church appoints 1st female bishop
1989 - L I preacher Gene Profeta pleads guilty to
tax-evasion
1989 - NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 34-3
1989 - Orlando Arena opens
1989 - USSR's Phobos II enters Martian orbit
1989 - Game-winning RBI, official statistic dropped after 9
years of use NY Mets Keith Hernandez is the all-time leader with 129
1990 - Exxon Valdez capt Joseph Hazelwood goes on trial due
to oil spill
1991 - "Piano Lesson" closes at Walter Kerr
Theater NYC after 320 perfs
1991
- Nelson Mandela & Mangosuthu Buthelezi meet after 28 years
1993 - Test debut of Vinod Kambli, prolific Indian batsman
1995 - Andre Agassi defeats Pete Sampras to win Australian
Open
1995 - Greg Blewett scores century on Test debut vs England,
Adelaide
1995 - Super Bowl XXIX: SF 49ers beat San Diego Chargers,
49-26 in Miami, MVP: Steve Young, San Francisco, QB
1996 - 23rd American Music Award: Garth Brooks wins
1996 - Last day of Test cricket for David Boon
1996 - 6,138th performance of "Cats" is held in
London, surpassing record of Broadway's longest-running musical, "A Chorus
Line"
1996 - La Fenice, Venice's opera house, is destroyed by
fire.
1998 - "Capeman," opens at Marquis Theater NYC
1998 - Singers Bobby Brown found guiilty of DWI in Fort
Lauderdale, Florida
1998 - Soyuz TM-27 launches to MIR
1998 - Thick Fog causes highway carnage in Belgium &
Netherlands, 6 die
1998 - Woman's Clinic in Birmingham Ala bombed, 1 killed
2001 - Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm
parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged
involvement in corruption scandals.
43rd US President George W. Bush43rd US President George W.
Bush 2002 - In his State of the Union Address, United States President George
W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of Evil,
in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.
2005 - The first direct commercial flights from the mainland
China (from Guangzhou) to Taiwan since 1949 arrived in Taipei. Shortly
afterwards, a China Airlines carrier landed in Beijing.
2012 - NFL Pro Bowl: AFC beats NFC 59-41
1728 - John Gay's The Beggar's Opera was first performed at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, London. 1802 - John Beckley became the first Librarian of Congress. 1820 - Britain's King George III died insane at Windsor Castle. 1845 - Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" was published for the first time in the "New York Evening Mirror." 1848 - Greenwich Mean Time was adopted by Scotland. 1850 - Henry Clay introduced in the Senate a compromise bill on slavery that included the admission of California into the Union as a free state. 1856 - Britain's highest military decoration, the Victoria Cross, was founded by Queen Victoria. 1861 - In America, Kansas became the 34th state of the Union. 1886 - The first successful petrol-driven motorcar, built by Karl Benz, was patented. 1916 - In World War I, Paris was bombed by German zeppelins for the first time. 1924 - R. Taylor patented the ice cream cone rolling machine. 1936 - The first members of major league baseball's Hall of Fame were named in Cooperstown, NY. 1940 - The W. Atlee Burpee Seed Company displayed the first tetraploid flowers at the New York City Flower Show. 1949 - "The Newport News" was commissioned as the first air-conditioned naval ship in Virginia. 1956 - "Indictment" debuted on CBS radio and stayed on the air for three years. 1958 - Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward were married. 1958 - Charles Starkweather was captured by police in Wyoming. 1963 - The first members to the NFL's Hall of Fame were named in Canton, OH. 1963 - Britain was refused entry into the EEC. 1966 - "Sweet Charity" opened at the Palace Theatre in New York City. It ran for 608 performances. 1979 - U.S. President Carter formally welcomed Chinese Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping to the White House. The visit followed the establishment of diplomatic relations. 1985 - The Dow Jones industrial average peaked at 1,292.62. 1987 - "Physician’s Weekly" announced that the smile on the face of Leonardo DeVinci's Mona Lisa was caused by a "...facial paralysis resulting from a swollen nerve behind the ear." 1990 - Joseph Hazelwood, the former skipper of the Exxon Valdez, went on trial in Anchorage, AK, on charges that stemmed from America's worst oil spill. Hazelwood was later acquitted of all the major charges and was convicted of a misdemeanor. 1995 - The San Francisco 49ers became the first team in National Football League (NFL) history to win five Super Bowl titles. The 49ers defeated the San Diego Chargers 49-26. 1996 - French President Jacques Chirac announced the "definitive end" to nuclear testing. 1996 - La Fenice, the 204 year old opera house in Venice, was destroyed by fire. Arson was suspected. 1997 - America Online agreed to give refunds to frustrated customers under threat of lawsuits across the country. Customers were unable to log on after AOL offered a flat $19.95-a-month rate. 1998 - A bomb exploded at an abortion clinic in Birmingham, AL, killing an off-duty policeman and severely wounding a nurse. Eric Rudolph was charged with this bombing and three other attacks in Atlanta. 1999 - Paris prosecutors announced the end of the investigation into the accident that killed Britain's Princess Diana. 1999 - The U.S. Senate delivered subpoenas for Monica Lewinsky and two presidential advisers for private, videotaped testimony in the impeachment trial. 2001 - In Indonesia, thousands of student protesters stormed the parliament property and demanded that President Abdurrahman Wahid quit due to his alleged involvement in two corruption scandals. Wahid announced that he would not resign.
1802 John Beckley became the first Librarian of Congress. He was paid $2 a day. 1845 Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven was published. 1850 Henry Clay introduced the Compromise of 1850 to the Senate. 1861 Kansas became the 34th state in the United States. 1886 Karl Benz received a patent for the first successful gasoline-driven car. 1936 Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson, and Walter Johnson were the first players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. 1963 Poet Robert Frost died in Boston. 2002 In his State of the Union address, President Bush labels Iraq, Iran, and North Korea an "axis of evil."
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jan29.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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