http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Jan 23, 1870: Soldiers massacre the wrong camp of Indians
Declaring he did not care whether or not it was the rebellious band of Indians he had been searching for, Colonel Eugene Baker orders his men to attack a sleeping camp of peaceful Blackfeet along the Marias River in northern Montana.
The previous fall, Malcolm Clarke, an influential Montana rancher, had accused a Blackfeet warrior named Owl Child of stealing some of his horses; he punished the proud brave with a brutal whipping. In retribution, Owl Child and several allies murdered Clarke and his son at their home near Helena, and then fled north to join a band of rebellious Blackfeet under the leadership of Mountain Chief. Outraged and frightened, Montanans demanded that Owl Child and his followers be punished, and the government responded by ordering the forces garrisoned under Major Eugene Baker at Fort Ellis (near modern-day Bozeman, Montana) to strike back.
Strengthening his cavalry units with two infantry groups from Fort Shaw near Great Falls, Baker led his troops out into sub-zero winter weather and headed north in search of Mountain Chief's band. Soldiers later reported that Baker drank a great deal throughout the march. On January 22, Baker discovered an Indian village along the Marias River, and, postponing his attack until the following morning, spent the evening drinking heavily.
At daybreak on the morning of January 23, 1870, Baker ordered his men to surround the camp in preparation for attack. As the darkness faded, Baker's scout, Joe Kipp, recognized that the painted designs on the buffalo-skin lodges were those of a peaceful band of Blackfeet led by Heavy Runner. Mountain Chief and Owl Child, Kipp quickly realized, must have gotten wind of the approaching soldiers and moved their winter camp elsewhere. Kipp rushed to tell Baker that they had the wrong Indians, but Baker reportedly replied, "That makes no difference, one band or another of them; they are all Piegans [Blackfeet] and we will attack them." Baker then ordered a sergeant to shoot Kipp if he tried to warn the sleeping camp of Blackfeet and gave the command to attack.
Baker's soldiers began blindly firing into the village, catching the peaceful Indians utterly unaware and defenseless. By the time the brutal attack was over, Baker and his men had, by the best estimate, murdered 37 men, 90 women, and 50 children. Knocking down lodges with frightened survivors inside, the soldiers set them on fire, burnt some of the Blackfeet alive, and then burned the band's meager supplies of food for the winter. Baker initially captured about 140 women and children as prisoners to take back to Fort Ellis, but when he discovered many were ill with smallpox, he abandoned them to face the deadly winter without food or shelter.
When word of the Baker Massacre (now known as the Marias Massacre) reached the east, many Americans were outraged. One angry congressman denounced Baker, saying "civilization shudders at horrors like this." Baker's superiors, however, supported his actions, as did the people of Montana, with one journalist calling Baker's critics "namby-pamby, sniffling old maid sentimentalists." Neither Baker nor his men faced a court martial or any other disciplinary actions. However, the public outrage over the massacre did derail the growing movement to transfer control of Indian affairs from the Department of Interior to the War Department--President Ulysses S. Grant decreed that henceforth all Indian agents would be civilians rather than soldiers.
Jan 23, 1968: North Korea seizes U.S. ship Pueblo
The U.S. intelligence-gathering ship Pueblo is seized by North Korean naval vessels and charged with spying and violating North Korean territorial waters. Negotiations to free the 83-man crew of the U.S. ship dragged on for nearly a year, damaging the credibility of and confidence in the foreign policy of President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration.
The capture of the ship and internment of its crew by North Korea was loudly protested by the Johnson administration. The U.S. government vehemently denied that North Korea's territorial waters had been violated and argued the ship was merely performing routine intelligence gathering duties in the Sea of Japan. Some U.S. officials, including Johnson himself, were convinced that the seizure was part of a larger communist-bloc offensive, since exactly one week later, communist forces in South Vietnam launched the Tet Offensive, the largest attack of the Vietnam War. Despite this, however, the Johnson administration took a restrained stance toward the incident. Fully occupied with the Tet Offensive, Johnson resorted to quieter diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis in North Korea.
In December 1968, the commander of the Pueblo, Capt. Lloyd Bucher, grudgingly signed a confession indicating that his ship was spying on North Korea prior to its capture. With this propaganda victory in hand, the North Koreans turned the crew and captain (including one crewman who had died) over to the United States.
The Pueblo incident was a blow to the Johnson administration's credibility, as the president seemed powerless to free the captured crew and ship. Combined with the public's perception--in the wake of the Tet Offensive--that the Vietnam War was being lost, the Pueblo incident resulted in a serious faltering of Johnson's popularity with the American people. The crewmen's reports about their horrific treatment at the hands of the North Koreans during their 11 months in captivity further incensed American citizens, many of whom believed that Johnson should have taken more aggressive action to free the captive Americans.
Jan 23, 1941: Lindbergh to Congress: Negotiate with Hitler
On this day, Charles A. Lindbergh, a national hero since his nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic, testifies before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the Lend-Lease policy-and suggests that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Hitler.
Lindbergh was born in 1902 in Detroit. His father was a member of the House of Representatives. Lindbergh's interest in aviation led him to flying school in Lincoln, Nebraska, and later brought him work running stunt-flying tours and as an airmail pilot. While regularly flying a route from St. Louis to Chicago, he decided to try to become the first pilot to fly alone nonstop from New York to Paris. He obtained the necessary financial backing from a group of businessmen, and on May 21, 1927, after a flight that lasted slightly over 33 hours, Lindbergh landed his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, in Paris. He won worldwide fame along with his $25,000 prize.
In March 1932, Lindbergh made headlines again, but this time because of the kidnapping of his two-year-old son. The baby was later found dead, and the man convicted of the crime, Bruno Hauptmann, was executed. To flee unwanted publicity, Lindbergh and his wife, Anne Morrow, daughter of U.S. ambassador Dwight Morrow, moved to Europe. During the mid-1930s, Lindbergh became familiar with German advances in aviation and warned his U.S. counterparts of Germany's growing air superiority. But Lindbergh also became enamored of much of the German national "revitalization" he encountered, and allowed himself to be decorated by Hitler's government, which drew tremendous criticism back home.
Upon Lindbergh's return to the States, he agitated for neutrality with Germany, and testified before Congress in opposition to the Lend-Lease policy, which offered cash and military aid to countries friendly to the United States in their war effort against the Axis powers. His public denunciation of "the British, the Jewish, and the Roosevelt Administration" as instigators of American intervention in the war, as well as comments that smacked of anti-Semitism, lost him the support of other isolationists. When, in 1941, President Roosevelt denounced Lindbergh publicly, the aviator resigned from the Air Corps Reserve. He eventually contributed to the war effort, though, flying 50 combat missions over the Pacific. His participation in the war, along with his promotion to brigadier general of the Air Force Reserve in 1954 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a popular Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Spirit of St. Louis,, and a movie based on his exploits all worked to redeem him in the public's eyes.
Jan 23, 1984: Hulk Hogan beats Iron Sheik to win first WWF title
On this day in 1984, Hulk Hogan becomes the first wrestler to escape the "camel clutch"--the signature move of reigning World Wrestling Federation (WWF) champion Iron Sheik--as he defeats Sheik to win his first WWF title, at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
Only one month earlier, the Iron Sheik--born Hossein Khosrow Vaziri in Tehran, Iran--had defeated the celebrated Bob Backlund in a controversial match, ending Backlund’s WWF-championship reign of almost six years. A rematch was scheduled, but Backlund was injured, and Hulk Hogan--born Terry Gene Bollea in Augusta, Georgia--was given his spot. Six-foot-eight and around 300 pounds, with long blond hair and bronzed skin, Hogan entered the ring to his theme song, Survivor’s hit "Eye of the Tiger," electrifying the Garden crowd. After the Sheik took an early advantage, Hogan turned the match around. He landed a kick to the Sheik’s face and followed up with a leg drop--jumping in the air and landing his leg on his fallen opponent. The bout was over in five minutes and 40 seconds, and Hogan was the new WWF champion.
The victory began what became known as "Hulkamania," as Hogan’s phenomenal popularity led to a golden age for professional wrestling. A Southern, working-class hero in the eyes of his fans, Hogan advised young "Hulkamaniacs" to say their prayers and take their vitamins, and to believe in themselves. His championship reign lasted four straight years, and his enduring popularity brought unprecedented mainstream attention to the sport. He lost the WWF title in 1988 to Andre the Giant but regained it the following year with a win over Randy "Macho Man" Savage; he would hold it four times between 1989 and 1993. The WWF and owner Vince McMahon launched the first wrestling pay-per-view event, WrestleMania, in 1985, and Hogan headlined eight of the first nine WrestleMania fights. After taking a year off to concentrate on television and movie roles, Hogan signed with a rival league, Ted Turner’s World Championship Wrestling (WCW), helping to foster what was known as a "New World Order." He won the WCW championship title six times between 1994 and 1999, before returning to McMahon’s league--now known as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Plagued by knee injuries, he left wrestling in 2003, but returned two years later amid hoopla over his induction into the WWE Hall of Fame. Since 2005, Hogan has made a limited number of appearances in the WWE arena.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
3102 BC - Epoch (origin) of the Kali Yuga.
393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old
son Honorius co-emperor.
638 - Start of Islamic calendar
909 - John of Rila aka Saint Ivan and the fable of two pies.
971 - In China, the war elephant corps of the Southern Han
are soundly defeated at Shao by crossbow fire from Song Dynasty troops. The
Southern Han state is forced to submit to the Song Dynasty, ending not only
Southern Han rule, but also the first regular war elephant corps employed in a
Chinese army that had gained the Southern Han victories throughout the 10th
century.
1265 - 1st English Parliament formally convened (some
authorities)
1368 - In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends to
the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming Dynasty rule over
China that would last for three centuries.
1490 - 1st printing of Ramban's Sha'ar ha-Gemul
1492 - "Pentateuch" (Jewish holy book) 1st printed
1546 - Having published nothing for eleven years, Francois
Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.
1552 - 2nd version of Book of Common Prayer becomes
manditory in England
1556 - Most deadly earthquake kills 830,000 in Shensi
Province, China
1556 - Heavy earthquake strikes Shaaxi China, kills 830,000
1570 - Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, assassinated;
civil war breaks out
1571 - Queen Elizabeth I opens Royal Exchange in London
1579 - Union of Utrecht signed, forming protestant Dutch
Republic
1631 - France & Sweden sign anti-German Treaty of
Barwald
1637 - Dutch governor Johan Mauritius lands in Pernambuco
Brazil
1643 - Sir Thomas Fairfax takes Leeds for Parliamentarians
English Monarch Queen Elizabeth IEnglish Monarch Queen
Elizabeth I 1647 - Scottish Presbyterians sell captured Charles I to English
parliament
1656 - Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres
provinciales.
1663 - King Louis XIV affirms covenant with Rÿnstaten
1668 - England, Netherlands & Sweden signs Triple
Alliance against French
1719 - Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the
Holy Roman Empire.
1779 - Charles Messier catalogs M56 (globular cluster in
Lyra)
1789 - Georgetown, 1st US Catholic college, founded
1793 - 2nd partition of Poland, between Prussia & Russia
1793 - Humane Society of Philadelphia (1st aid society)
organized
1796 - Armand-Gaston Camus becomes chairman of Council of
500
1812 - 7.8 earthquake shakes New Madrid, Missouri
1833 - Joseph Pease, a Quaker, admitted to Parliament on his
affirmation
1845 - Uniform US election day for president & VP
authorized
1849 - Mrs Elizabeth Blackwell becomes 1st woman physician
in US
1849 - Patent granted for an envelope-making machine
Physician Elizabeth BlackwellPhysician Elizabeth Blackwell
1855 - The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in what is now
Minneapolis, Minnesota, a crossing made today by the Father Louis Hennepin
Bridge.
1856 - Steamer Pacific lost
1862 - Agoston Haraszthy, 1st vintner in Sonoma Valley,
California imports 10,000 grape vine cuttings
1865 - -Jan 25th) Battle of City Point, VA (James River,
Trent's Reach)
1870 - 173 Blackfoot (140 women & children) killed in
Montana by US Army
1879 - National Archery Association forms (Crawfordsville
Ind)
1889 - Daniel Williams forms Provident Hospital in Chicago
1894 - G W Bunbury of Dublin sets shorthand record of 250
wpm for 10 min
1896 - Edward Macdowell's 2nd Suite in E, premieres
1897 - Start of Sherlock Holmes "Adventure of Abbey
Grange" (BG)
1897 - Elva Zona Heaster is found dead in Greenbrier County,
West Virginia. The resulting murder trial of her husband is perhaps the only
case in United States history where the alleged testimony of a ghost helped
secure a conviction.
1899 - Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the
First Philippine Republic.
1902 - Winnipeg Victorias sweep Toronto Wellingtons in 2 for
Stanley Cup
1904 - Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is
devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser
Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
1907 - Charles Curtis of Kansas becomes 1st Native American
US senator
Heart surgeon Daniel WilliamsHeart surgeon Daniel Williams
1908 - US & Great-Britain demand end of abuses in Congo
1909 - 1st radio rescue at sea
1912 - The International Opium Convention is signed at The
Hague.
1916 - Temp falls from 44°F (7°C) to -56°F (49°C) night of
23-24, Browning MT
1920 - Dutch refuse to turn over ex-kaiser Wilhelm I of
Germany to allies
1923 - Taxi strike in Amsterdam begins (through March 9th)
1924 - Ramsey MacDonald forms 1st Labour government in
Britain
1926 - Eugene O'Neill's "Great God Brown,"
premieres in NYC
1928 - "Abenteuer of brave Soldier Schwejk"
premieres in Berlin
1930 - Clyde Tombaugh photographs planet Pluto
1930 - George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Va
established
1930 - WIS-AM (now WOMG) in Columbia SC begins radio
transmissions
1932 - El Salvador army kills 4,000 protesting farmers
1933 - 20th amendment changes date of presidential
inaugurations to 1/20
1936 - Catholic People's Party (KVP) of Curacao forms
Soviet Union Premier Joseph StalinSoviet Union Premier
Joseph Stalin 1937 - Karl Radek & 16 others go on trial in Stalin's great
purge
1940 - Pianist Ignaz Paderewski becomes premier of Polish
government in exile
1941 - Ground breaking for NACA (now NASA) Lewis Research
Center
1941 - WOR-AM in Newark NJ moves to NYC
1942 - Japanese troops occupy Rabaul New Britain
1942 - Tank battle at Adzjedabia, African corps vs British
army
1943 - 66.34 cm (26.12"), Hoegees Camp, California
(state record)
1943 - British 8th army marches into Tripoli
1943 - Detroit Red Wings scores NHL record 8 goals in 1
period
1943 - Japanese Mount Austen on Guadalcanal captured
1943 - Duke Ellington plays at Carnegie Hall in New York
City for the first time.
1944 - Arnold Schoenberg's "Ode to Napoleon,"
premieres in NYC
1944 - Det Red Wings score 15 goals against NY Rangers &
NHL record 37 points, also most consecutive goals & most lopsided game 15-0
1945 - Dutch Premier Gerbrandy, exiled in London, offers his
resignation
1945 - World War II: Karl Dönitz launches Operation
Hannibal.
Navy Commander Karl DonitzNavy Commander Karl Donitz 1946 -
Rear Admiral Sidney W Souers, USNR, becomes 1st director of CIA
1948 - Bradman scores 201 in 272 mins v India, 21 fours 1
six
1948 - Huston's "Treasure of Sierra Madre"
starring Humphrey Bogart opens
1948 - Test debut of Neil Harvey, v India at Adelaide
1950 - 3rd edition of Joseph Kane's Famous 1st Facts
published
1950 - AP picks "Miracle Braves" of 1914 as
greatest sports upset
1950 - Israeli Knesset resolves Jerusalem is capital of
Israel
1950 - NFL rule changes open way for 2-platoon system
(offense & defense)
1950 - Rebel army of cap Raymond Westerner occupies Bandung
1951 - 3rd Emmy Awards: Alan Young Show, Alan Young &
Gertrude Berg
1953 - Bobby Simpson makes 1st-class debut for NSW 16 yrs
357 days
1953 - NFL Dallas Texans become Baltimore Colts (now
Indianapolis Colts)
1953 - NFL's National & American conference become
Eastern & Western conf
1954 - Harry van Thorn chosen chairman of Dutch KVP
1954 - Longest undefeated streak in Toronto Maple Leaf
history (18 games)
1955 - Babe Didrikson-Zaharias wins LPGA Tampa Golf Open
1955 - KORK (now KVBC) TV channel 3 in Las Vegas, NV (NBC)
1st broadcast
1958 - "Body Beautiful" opens at Broadway Theater
NYC for 60 performances
1958 - Dictator Marcos Perez Jiménez flees Venezuela,
Larrazabal takes power
1958 - Hanif Mohammad completes 337 in 970 minutes v West
Indies
1960 - Bathosphere "Trieste" reach bottom of
Pacific (10,900 m)
1961 - Supreme Court rules cities & states have right to
censor films
1961 - Venezuela adopts constitution
Baseball Player Jackie RobinsonBaseball Player Jackie
Robinson 1962 - Bob Feller & Jackie Robinson elected to Baseball Hall of
Fame
1962 - British spy Kim Philby defects to USSR
1962 - Libya, Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia plan to form
United Arab Maghreb
1964 - 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution
ratified, barring poll tax in federal elections
1964 - Arthur Miller's "After the Fall," premieres
in NYC
1965 - "King Family Show" (musical variety)
premieres on ABC TV
1965 - BPAA All-Star Tournament won by Dick Weber
1965 - Boston Celtic center Bill Russell misses all 14 shots
in loss to Philadelphia Warriors led by Wilt Chamberlain
1967 - Stan Musial is named GM of Cards
1968 - Joe Medwick elected to Baseball Hall of Fame
1968 - Spy ship USS Pueblo & 83-man crew seized in Sea
of Japan by N Korea
1969 - Cream releases their last album "Goodbye"
1970 - Australia's 1st amateur radio satellite (Oscar 5)
launched (California)
1970 - Dolle Mina's burns her bra in Amsterdam
1970 - US launches 2nd generation weather satellite, ITOS 1
Basketball Player Bill RussellBasketball Player Bill Russell
1970 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1971 - -80°F (-62°C) in Prospect Creek Camp, Alaska (US
record)
1971 - 4th ABA All-Star Game: East 126 beats West 122 at
Carolina
1971 - UCLA loses to Notre Dame, UCLA then wins next 88
games in a row
1972 - 2nd AFC-NFC pro bowl, AFC wins 26-13
1972 - Ard Schenk becomes European all-round skating champ
1972 - Bootlegger sells wood alcohol to wedding party-100
die-New Delhi
1972 - Entire population of Istanbul under 24 hour house
arrest
1972 - NFL Pro Bowl: AFC beats NFC 26-13
1973 - 23rd NBA All-Star Game: East beats West 104-84 at
Chicago
1973 - Helgafell, island of Heimaey Iceland erupts for 1st
time in 7,000 yrs
1973 - Jordan Air crash at Kano, Nigeria kills 176 Moslem
pilgrims
1973 - Pres Nixon announces an accord has been reached to
end Vietnam War
1974 - 1st edition of women's magazine "Story"
1975 - "Barney Miller" premieres on ABC TV
1975 - Ralph Kiner elected to baseball's Hall of Fame
1976 - Ian Redpath hits his only 2 sixes in Cricket Tests, v
WI Adelaide
1976 - Wash Caps end 25 game winless streak (0-22-3) beat NY
Rangers 7-5
1977 - $1.5-million Serge Lepage dress exhibited, Paris
1977 - Miniseries "Roots" premieres on ABC
1978 - Belgian industrial Haron Empain kidnapped in Paris
1978 - NFL Pro Bowl: NFC beats AFC 14-13
1978 - Sweden becomes the first nation in the world to ban
aerosol sprays, believed to be damaging to earth's ozone layer.
1979 - Willie Mays elected to Baseball Hall of Fame
1981 - 1st Richard Nixon museum opens (San Clemente
California)
1981 - Jochem Bird elected mayor of West Berlin
1981 - Mike Bossy becomes 1st in NHL to score 50 goals in 50
games
1981 - Red Sox trade Fred Lynn to Angels for Frank Tanana
& Joe Rudi
1982 - Urbe Blanca (cow) produces record 110 kg of milk,
Cuba (approx date)
1982 - World Airways DC-10 skids at Boston Logan Airport
killing 2
Actor Mr. TActor Mr. T 1983 - "A-Team" with Mr T
premieres on NBC
1983 - Bjorn Borg announces his retirement from tennis
1983 - Cerebral Palsy telethon raises $14,700,000
1983 - In NBA, Portland scores all 17 pts in overtime to
beat Houston 113-96
1983 - Russian radioactive satellite falls into Indian Ocean
1983 - Schone skates ladies world record 5 km (7:40.97)
1984 - Buffalo Sabres win NHL record 10th straight road game
1984 - Greatest unpaced 1-hr bicycle distance, F Moser
(Italy), 51.15 km
1984 - Hulk Hogan defeats Iron Sheik to become WWF champ
1985 - Britains House of Lords debate 1st televised
1986 - "Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood" opens at
Ritz Theater NYC for 13 perfs
1986 - Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center via
Davis-Monthan AFB
1986 - 1st induction of Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame (Chuck
Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Domino, Everly Bros, B Holly, J L Lewis &
Elvis Presley)
1987 - Dow Jones rises 64 points then drops 110 points
(44.15 pt loss)
1987 - Japan 1st exceeds military spending cap of 1% of GNP
($23 billion)
Actor Michael DouglasActor Michael Douglas 1988 - 45th
Golden Globes: Last Emperor, Sally Kirkland, Michael Douglas
1988 - 62nd Australian Womens Tennis: Steffi Graf beats
Chris Evert (6-1 7-6)
1988 - Bob Benoit bowls 1st 300-pt game in a televised title
match
1989 - Challenge to "who is a Jew" law filed in
Israeli Supreme Court
1989 - NBA New Jersey Nets begin a 32+ game road losing
streak
1990 - Dean Jones scores twin Test tons v Pakistan at
Adelaide Oval
1991 - "Seinfeld" debuts on NBC-TV
1991 - World's largest oil spill, caused by embattled Iraqi
forces in Kuwait
1992 - "Visit" opens at Criterion Theater NYC for
45 performances
1993 - 50th Golden Globes: Scent of a Woman, wins
1993 - Graham Gooch scores his 100th 100, on tour at Cuttack
1993 - Indian Airlines B737 crashes art Aurangabad, 61 die
1993 - NY Newsday reports Ore Sen Bob Packwood sexually
harassed 23 women
1993 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Nancy
Kerrigan
1994 - Bernie Kosar is 2nd QB to throw TD passes in AFC
& NFC Champ games
Comedian Jerry SeinfeldComedian Jerry Seinfeld 1994 -
Worldwide Day for peace in Bosnia-Hercegovina
1996 - Chris Cairns scores 120, 96 balls, 10x4, 9x6 in Test
NZ v Zim
1996 - The first version of the Java programming language
was released.
1998 - Pope John Paul II condemns US embargo against Cuba
2001 - The Chinese Communist Party stages a self-immolation
in Tiananmen Square to frame Falun Gong and escalate the persecution.
2002 - Reporter Daniel Pearl was kidnapped in Karachi,
Pakistan. He was subsequently murdered .
2002 - "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh
returns to the United States in Federal Bureau of Investigation custody.
2003 - Final communication between Earth and Pioneer 10
2009 - Dendermonde nursery attack occurred in Dendermonde,
Belgium.
2012 - European Union agrees to embargo Iranian oil in
protest against Iran's alleged nuclear weapons program
2013 - 23 people are killed in a mosque suicide bombing in
Tuz Khormato, Iraq
2013 - 18 people are killed in a market shooting in Damboa,
Nigeria
2013 - US armed forces overturns 1994 ban on women serving
in combat
3268 - Beginning of 2nd Julian Period (1/1 OS)
1556 - An earthquake in Shanxi Province, China, was thought to have killed about 830,000 people. 1571 - The Royal Exchange in London, founded by financier Thomas Gresham, was opened by Queen Elizabeth I. 1789 - Georgetown College was established as the first Catholic college in the U.S. The school is in Washington, DC. 1845 - The U.S. Congress decided all national elections would be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. 1849 - English-born Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in America to receive medical degree. It was from the Medical Institution of Geneva, NY. 1907 - Charles Curtis, of Kansas, began serving in the United States Senate. He was the first American Indian to become a U.S. Senator. He resigned in March of 1929 to become U.S. President Herbert Hoover’s Vice President. 1920 - The Dutch government refused the demands from the Allies to hand over the ex-kaiser of Germany. 1924 - The first Labour government was formed, under Ramsay MacDonald. 1937 - In Moscow, seventeen people went on trial during Josef Stalin's "Great Purge." 1941 - The play, "Lady in the Dark" premiered. 1943 - Duke Ellington and the band played for a black-tie crowd at Carnegie Hall in New York City for the first time. 1943 - The British captured Tripoli from the Germans. 1950 - The Israeli Knesset approved a resolution proclaiming Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. 1960 - The U.S. Navy bathyscaphe Trieste descended to a record depth of 35,820 feet (10,750 meters) in the Pacific Ocean. 1964 - Ratification of the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was completed. This amendment eliminated the poll tax in federal elections. 1968 - North Korea seized the U.S. Navy ship Pueblo, charging it had intruded into the nation's territorial waters on a spying mission. The crew was released 11 months later. 1971 - In Prospect Creek Camp, AK, the lowest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. was reported as minus 80 degrees. 1973 - U.S. President Nixon announced that an accord had been reached to end the Vietnam War. 1974 - Mike Oldfield’s "Tubular Bells" opened the credits of the movie, "The Exorcist". 1975 - "Barney Miller" made his debut on ABC-TV. 1977 - The TV mini-series "Roots," began airing on ABC. The show was based on the Alex Haley novel. 1978 - Sweden banned aerosol sprays because of damage to environment. They were the first country to do so. 1983 - "The A-Team" debuted on TV. 1985 - O.J. Simpson became the first Heisman Trophy winner to be elected to pro football’s Hall of Fame in Canton, OH. 1985 - The proceedings of the House of Lords were televised for the first time. 1989 - Surrealist artist Salvador Dali died in Spain at age 84. 1997 - A judge in Fairfax, VA, sentenced Mir Aimal Kasi to death for an assault rifle attack outside the CIA headquarters in 1993 that killed two men and wounded three other people. 1997 - A British woman received a record £186,000 damages for Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). 2001 - A van used by the remaining two fugitives of the "Texas 7" was recovered in Colorado Springs, CO. A few hours later police surrounded a hotel where the convicts were hiding. Patrick Murphy Jr. and Donald Newbury were taken into custody the next morning without incident. 2002 - John Walker Lindh returned to the U.S. under FBI custody. Lindh was charge with conspiring to kill U.S. citizens, providing support to terrorists and engaging in prohibited transactions with the Taliban while a member of the al-Quaida terrorist organization in Afghanistan. 2003 - North Korea announced that it would consider sanctions an act of war for North Korea's reinstatement of its nuclear program.
1556 The deadliest earthquake on record killed 830,000 in Shansi, China. 1789 Georgetown University established in what is now Washington, DC. 1849 Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman physician in the U.S. 1964 The 24th Amendment to the Constitution, barring poll taxes, was ratified. 1968 North Korea seized the U.S. Navy ship Pueblo (the crew was released 11 months later.) 1973 President Nixon announced that an accord had been reached to end the Vietnam War. 1989 Salvador Dali died in Spain at age 84. 2002 Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl was kidnapped by the National Movement for the Restoration of Pakistani Sovereignty. 2004 Bob Keeshan, "Captain Kangaroo," died at age 76.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jan23.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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