http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Aug 30, 30 B.C.: Cleopatra commits suicide
Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and lover of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, takes her life following the defeat of her forces against Octavian, the future first emperor of Rome.
Cleopatra, born in 69 B.C., was made Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, upon the death of her father, Ptolemy XII, in 51 B.C. Her brother was made King Ptolemy XIII at the same time, and the siblings ruled Egypt under the formal title of husband and wife. Cleopatra and Ptolemy were members of the Macedonian dynasty that governed Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. Although Cleopatra had no Egyptian blood, she alone in her ruling house learned Egyptian. To further her influence over the Egyptian people, she was also proclaimed the daughter of Re, the Egyptian sun god. Cleopatra soon fell into dispute with her brother, and civil war erupted in 48 B.C.
Rome, the greatest power in the Western world, was also beset by civil war at the time. Just as Cleopatra was preparing to attack her brother with a large Arab army, the Roman civil war spilled into Egypt. Pompey the Great, defeated by Julius Caesar in Greece, fled to Egypt seeking solace but was immediately murdered by agents of Ptolemy XIII. Caesar arrived in Alexandria soon after and, finding his enemy dead, decided to restore order in Egypt.
During the preceding century, Rome had exercised increasing control over the rich Egyptian kingdom, and Cleopatra sought to advance her political aims by winning the favor of Caesar. She traveled to the royal palace in Alexandria and was allegedly carried to Caesar rolled in a rug, which was offered as a gift. Cleopatra, beautiful and alluring, captivated the powerful Roman leader, and he agreed to intercede in the Egyptian civil war on her behalf.
In 47 B.C., Ptolemy XIII was killed after a defeat against Caesar's forces, and Cleopatra was made dual ruler with another brother, Ptolemy XIV. Julius and Cleopatra spent several amorous weeks together, and then Caesar departed for Asia Minor, where he declared "Veni, vidi, vici" (I came, I saw, I conquered), after putting down a rebellion. In June 47 B.C., Cleopatra bore a son, whom she claimed was Caesar's and named Caesarion, meaning "little Caesar."
Upon Caesar's triumphant return to Rome, Cleopatra and Caesarion joined him there. Under the auspices of negotiating a treaty with Rome, Cleopatra lived discretely in a villa that Caesar owned outside the capital. After Caesar was assassinated in March 44 B.C., she returned to Egypt. Soon after, Ptolemy XIV died, likely poisoned by Cleopatra, and the queen made her son co-ruler with her as Ptolemy XV Caesar.
With Julius Caesar's murder, Rome again fell into civil war, which was temporarily resolved in 43 B.C. with the formation of the second triumvirate, made up of Octavian, Caesar's great-nephew and chosen heir; Mark Antony, a powerful general; and Lepidus, a Roman statesman. Antony took up the administration of the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, and he summoned Cleopatra to Tarsus, in Asia Minor, to answer charges that she had aided his enemies.
Cleopatra sought to seduce Antony, as she had Caesar before him, and in 41 B.C. arrived in Tarsus on a magnificent river barge, dressed as Venus, the Roman god of love. Successful in her efforts, Antony returned with her to Alexandria, where they spent the winter in debauchery. In 40 B.C., Antony returned to Rome and married Octavian's sister Octavia in an effort to mend his strained alliance with Octavian. The triumvirate, however, continued to deteriorate. In 37 B.C., Antony separated from Octavia and traveled east, arranging for Cleopatra to join him in Syria. In their time apart, Cleopatra had borne him twins, a son and a daughter. According to Octavian's propagandists, the lovers were then married, which violated the Roman law restricting Romans from marrying foreigners.
Antony's disastrous military campaign against Parthia in 36 B.C. further reduced his prestige, but in 34 B.C. he was more successful against Armenia. To celebrate the victory, he staged a triumphal procession through the streets of Alexandria, in which he and Cleopatra sat on golden thrones, and Caesarion and their children were given imposing royal titles. Many in Rome, spurred on by Octavian, interpreted the spectacle as a sign that Antony intended to deliver the Roman Empire into alien hands.
After several more years of tension and propaganda attacks, Octavian declared war against Cleopatra, and therefore Antony, in 31 B.C. Enemies of Octavian rallied to Antony's side, but Octavian's brilliant military commanders gained early successes against his forces. On September 2, 31 B.C., their fleets clashed at Actium in Greece. After heavy fighting, Cleopatra broke from the engagement and set course for Egypt with 60 of her ships. Antony then broke through the enemy line and followed her. The disheartened fleet that remained surrendered to Octavian. One week later, Antony's land forces surrendered.
Although they had suffered a decisive defeat, it was nearly a year before Octavian reached Alexandria and again defeated Antony. In the aftermath of the battle, Cleopatra took refuge in the mausoleum she had commissioned for herself. Antony, informed that Cleopatra was dead, stabbed himself with his sword. Before he died, another messenger arrived, saying Cleopatra still lived. Antony had himself carried to Cleopatra's retreat, where he died after bidding her to make her peace with Octavian. When the triumphant Roman arrived, she attempted to seduce him, but he resisted her charms. Rather than fall under Octavian's domination, Cleopatra committed suicide on August 30, 30 B.C., possibly by means of an asp, a poisonous Egyptian serpent and symbol of divine royalty.
Octavian then executed her son Caesarion, annexed Egypt into the Roman Empire, and used Cleopatra's treasure to pay off his veterans. In 27 B.C., Octavian became Augustus, the first and arguably most successful of all Roman emperors. He ruled a peaceful, prosperous, and expanding Roman Empire until his death in 14 A.D. at the age of 75.
Aug 30, 1967: Thurgood Marshall confirmed as Supreme Court justice
On this day in 1967, Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American to be confirmed as a Supreme Court justice. He would remain on the Supreme Court for 24 years before retiring for health reasons, leaving a legacy of upholding the rights of the individual as guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.
From a young age, Marshall seemed destined for a place in the American justice system. His parents instilled in him an appreciation for the Constitution, a feeling that was reinforced by his schoolteachers, who forced him to read the document as punishment for his misbehavior. After graduating from Lincoln University in 1930, Marshall sought admission to the University of Maryland School of Law, but was turned away because of the school's segregation policy, which effectively forbade blacks from studying with whites. Instead, Marshall attended Howard University Law School, from which he graduated magna cum lau
Setting up a private practice in his home state of Maryland, Marshall quickly established a reputation as a lawyer for the "little man." In a year's time, he began working with the Baltimore NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), and went on to become the organization’s chief counsel by the time he was 32, in 1940. Over the next two decades, Marshall distinguished himself as one of the country's leading advocates for individual rights, winning 29 of the 32 cases he argued in front of the Supreme Court, all of which challenged in some way the 'separate but equal' doctrine that had been established by the landmark case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). The high-water mark of Marshall's career as a litigator came in 1954 with his victory in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. In that case, Marshall argued that the 'separate but equal' principle was unconstitutional, and designed to keep blacks "as near [slavery] as possible."
In 1961, Marshall was appointed by then-President John F. Kennedy to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, a position he held until 1965, when Kennedy's successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, named him solicitor general. Following the retirement of Justice Tom Clark in 1967, President Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court, a decision confirmed by the Senate with a 69-11 vote. Over the next 24 years, Justice Marshall came out in favor of abortion rights and against the death penalty, as he continued his tireless commitment to ensuring equitable treatment of individuals--particularly minorities--by state and federal governments.
Aug 30, 1918: Vladimir Lenin shot
After speaking at a factory in Moscow, Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin is shot twice by Fanya Kaplan, a member of the Social Revolutionary party. Lenin was seriously wounded but survived the attack. The assassination attempt set off a wave of reprisals by the Bolsheviks against the Social Revolutionaries and other political opponents. Thousands were executed as Russia fell deeper into civil war.
Born Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov in 1870, Lenin was drawn to the revolutionary cause after his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Czar Alexander III. He studied law and took up practice in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), where he associated with revolutionary Marxist circles. In 1895, he helped organize Marxist groups in the capital into the "Union for the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class," which attempted to enlist workers to the Marxist cause. In December 1895, Lenin and the other leaders of the Union were arrested. Lenin was jailed for a year and then exiled to Siberia for a term of three years.
After the end of his exile, in 1900, Lenin went to Western Europe, where he continued his revolutionary activity. It was during this time that he adopted the pseudonym Lenin. In 1902, he published a pamphlet titled What Is to Be Done? which argued that only a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries could bring socialism to Russia. In 1903, he met with other Russian Marxists in London and established the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP). However, from the start there was a split between Lenin's Bolsheviks (Majoritarians), who advocated militarism, and the Mensheviks (Minoritarians), who advocated a democratic movement toward socialism. These two groups increasingly opposed each other within the framework of the RSDWP, and Lenin made the split official at a 1912 conference of the Bolshevik Party.
After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1905, Lenin returned to Russia. The revolution, which consisted mainly of strikes throughout the Russian empire, came to an end when Nicholas II promised reforms, including the adoption of a Russian constitution and the establishment of an elected legislature. However, once order was restored, the czar nullified most of these reforms, and in 1907 Lenin was again forced into exile.
Lenin opposed World War I, which began in 1914, as an imperialistic conflict and called on proletariat soldiers to turn their guns on the capitalist leaders who sent them down into the murderous trenches. For Russia, World War I was an unprecedented disaster: Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and in March 1917 riots and strikes broke out in Petrograd over the scarcity of food. Demoralized army troops joined the strikers, and on March 15 Nicholas II was forced to abdicate, ending centuries of czarist rule. In the aftermath of the February Revolution (known as such because of Russia's use of the Julian calendar), power was shared between the ineffectual Provincial Government and the soviets, or "councils," of soldiers' and workers' committees.
After the outbreak of the February Revolution, German authorities allowed Lenin and his lieutenants to cross Germany en route from Switzerland to Sweden in a sealed railway car. Berlin hoped (correctly) that the return of the anti-war Socialists to Russia would undermine the Russian war effort, which was continuing under the Provincial Government. Lenin called for the overthrow of the Provincial Government by the soviets, and he was condemned as a "German agent" by the government's leaders. In July, he was forced to flee to Finland, but his call for "peace, land, and bread" met with increasing popular support, and the Bolsheviks won a majority in the Petrograd soviet. In October, Lenin secretly returned to Petrograd, and on November 7 the Bolshevik-led Red Guards deposed the Provisional Government and proclaimed soviet rule.
Lenin became the virtual dictator of the world's first Marxist state. His government made peace with Germany, nationalized industry, and distributed land but beginning in 1918, had to fight a devastating civil war against czarist forces. In 1920, the czarists were defeated, and in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established. Upon Lenin's death in early 1924, his body was embalmed and placed in a mausoleum near the Moscow Kremlin. Petrograd was renamed Leningrad in his honor. After a struggle of succession, fellow revolutionary Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
257 - St Sixtus II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1125 - Duke Lotharius of Supplinburg elected king of Germany
1146 - European leaders outlaw crossbow intending to end war for all time
1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang—are pitted against each other in what was one of the largest naval battles in history, during the last decade of the ailing, Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.
1464 - Pietro Barbo elected to succeed Pope Pius II (Paul II)
1481 - 2 Latvian monarchs executed for conspiracy to Polish king Kazimierz IV
1563 - Jewish community of Neutitschlin Moravia expelled
1574 - Guru Ram Das became the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
1590 - Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle. (Traditional Japanese date: August 1, 1590)
1645 - Dutch & Indians sign peace treaty (New Amsterdam (NY))
1673 - Leopold I, Spain, Netherlands & Lutherans form anti-French covenant
1682 - William Penn left England to sail to New World
1721 - Russian/Swedish Peace of Nystad, ends North Sea War
1751 - Georg Friedrich Handel completes oratorio "Jephtha"
1757 - Battle at Gross Jagerndorf: Russian army beats Prussia [OS=Aug 19]
1776 - US army evacuates Long Island/falls back to Manhattan, NYC
1781 - French fleet of 24 ships under Comte de Grasse defeat British under Admiral Graves at battle of Chesapeake Capes in Revolutionary War
1791 - The HMS Pandora sank after running aground on a reef the previous day.
1799 - Bataafse fleet surrender to English
Composer George Friedrich HandelComposer George Friedrich Handel 1800 - Gabriel Prosser leads a slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia
1813 - Battle of Kulm: French forces defeated by Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
1831 - Charles Darwin refuses to travel with HMS Beagle
1835 - Melbourne, Australia is founded.
1836 - The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen
1843 - 1st blacks participation in natl political convention (Liberty Party)
1850 - Honolulu, Hawaii becomes a city
1854 - John Fremont issues proclamation freeing slaves of Missouri rebels
1860 - 1st British tram opens (Birkenhead)
1862 - last day of 2nd Battle of Bull Run Va - Confederates beat Union forces
1862 - Battle of 2nd Manassas-Pope defeated by Lee-Battle of Richmond, KY
1862 - Battle of Altamont-Confederates beat Union forces in Tennessee
1873 - Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic Sea.
1884 - Jack "Nonpareil" Dempsey wins middleweight title in 1st fight with boxing gloves
1885 - 13,000 meteors seen in 1 hour near Andromeda
Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1888 - Lord Walsingham kills 1070 grouse in a single day
1893 - 13rd US Mens Tennis: Robert D Wrenn beats Fred H Hovey (64 36 64 64)
1894 - Frederick Lugards expedition to Niger
1895 - Belgium begins compulsory Roman Catholic education
1896 - Eight provinces in the Philippines were declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor General Ramon Blanco. This included the provinces of Batangas, Rizal, Cavite, Nueva Ecija as well as the nearby areas.
1897 - The town of Ambiky is captured by France from Menabe in Madagascar.
1900 - Last 2000 British prisoners in Nooitgedagt South Africa freed
1901 - Hubert Cecil Booth patents vacuum cleaner
1904 - Thomas Hicks wins 3rd Olympics marathon (3:28:53.0) (40 km)
1905 - Pogoro/Ngindo attack Fort Mahenge German East-Africa
1905 - Tiger Ty Cobb makes his debut, doubling off Yank Jack Chesbro
1906 - Hal Chase became 1st Yank to hit 3 triples in a game
1906 - NY Highlander Joe Doyle debuts pitching back-to-back shut-outs
1909 - Burgess Shale fossils discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.
1910 - Yank Tom Hughes pitches 9 no-hit innings but loses to Cleve 5-0 in 11
1912 - St Louis Brown Earl Hamilton no-hits Detroit Tigers, 5-1
1913 - Phillies lead Giants 8-6 in top of 9th, fans in bleachers try to distract Giants, Umpire forefeits game to Giants, later overruled
1914 - 1st German plane bombs above Paris, 2 killed
1914 - Battle at Tannenberg ends in destruction of Russian 2nd Narev army
1916 - Boston's Dutch Leonard no-hits St Louis Browns, 4-0
1916 - Paul Von Hindenburg becomes chief-of-General-Staff in Germany
1918 - Czechoslovakia forms independence republic
Marxist Revolutionary Vladimir LeninMarxist Revolutionary Vladimir Lenin 1918 - Fanya Kaplan shoots at Lenin
1918 - Lenin, new leader of Soviet Russia, shot & wounded after speech
1919 - Ernst Toller's "Die Wandlung," premieres in Berlin
1922 - Babe Ruth is thrown out of a game for 5th time in 1922
1925 - 6th Iron pilgrim at Diksmuide Belgium
1926 - Jack Hobbs scores 316* at Lord's (Surrey v Middlesex)
1927 - 41st US Womens Tennis: Helen Wills Moody beats Betty Nuthall (61 64)
1928 - Jawaharlal Nehru requests independence of India
1932 - Hermann Goering elected chairman (Reichstag)
1933 - Air France forms
1933 - Portuguese dictator Salazar forms secret police (PIDE)
1937 - Joe Louis beats Tommy Farr in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1939 - 6th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: NY Giants 9, All-Stars 0 (81,456)
1939 - General Reijnders appointed supreme commander of Dutch army
1939 - Isoroku Yamamoto appointed supreme commander of Japanese fleet
Nazi Politician Hermann GoeringNazi Politician Hermann Goering 1939 - NY Yankee Atley Donald pitches a baseball a record 94.7 mph (152 kph)
1939 - Poland mobilizes
1941 - Siege of Leningrad by Nazi troops began during WW II
1941 - St Louis Card Lon Warneke no-hits Cin Reds, 2-0
1942 - Nazi-Germany annexes Luxembourg
1944 - 11th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: Chi Bears 24, All-Stars 21 (48,769)
1944 - Philip Yordan's "Anna Lucasta," premieres in NYC
1944 - Soviet troops enter Bucharest Romania
1945 - 12th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: Green Bay 19, All-Stars 7 (92,753)
1945 - Dmitri Shostakovitch completes his 9th Symphony
1945 - Gen MacArthur lands in Japan
1945 - Hong Kong liberated from Japan
1949 - Roly Jenkins (Worcs v Surrey) takes his 2nd hat-trick of the game
1949 - WTVN (now WSYX) TV channel 6 in Columbus, OH (ABC) begins broadcasting
1951 - US & Philippines sign mutual defense pact
1954 - Hurricane Carol, kills 68
1956 - USSR performs nuclear test (atmospheric tests)
1956 - White mob prevents enrollment of blacks at Mansfield HS, Texas
1956 - Lake Pontchartrain Causeway opens.
1957 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1957 - US senator Strom Thurmond speaks 24hrs 27m against civil rights
1958 - US performs nuclear test at S Atlantic Ocean
1960 - Boston 2nd baseman Pete Runnels goes 6-for-7
1960 - East Germany imposes a partial blockade on West Berlin
1961 - 1st Negro judge of a US District Court confirmed-JB Parsons
1961 - J B Parsons is 1st African American judge of a US District Court
1961 - Last Spanish troops leave Morocco
1961 - Oriole Jack Fisher walks 12 LA Angels in a 9 inning game
1961 - USSR says it will resume nuclear testing
1962 - Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since the war and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
1963 - Hot Line communications link between Moscow and Washington, DC installed
1963 - Hotline between U.S. and Soviet leaders goes into operation.
1964 - Clifford Ann Creed wins LPGA Riverside Ladies Golf Open
1965 - Casey Stengel announces his retirement after 55 years in baseball
1965 - Section of Allalin glacier wipes out construction site at Mattmark Dam near Saas-Fee, Switzerland
First Black Supreme Court Justice Thurgood MarshallFirst Black Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall 1967 - US Senate confirm Thurgood Marshall as 1st black justice
1968 - 1st record under Apple label (Beatle's Hey Jude)
1968 - John & Yoko's "One on One" benefit for children at Madison Square Garden
1969 - 120,000 attend Texas Intl Pop Festival
1969 - 25,000 attend 2nd Annual Sky River Rock Festival, Tenino Wash
1969 - 69th US Golf Amateur Championship won by Steve Melnyk
1969 - Racial disturbances in Fort Lauderdale Florida
1971 - WNPI TV channel 18 in Norwood, NY (PBS) begins broadcasting
1972 - John Lennon & Yoko Ono perform at Madison Square Garden
1973 - Danny Seiwell quits Wings
1974 - Express train runs full speed into Zagreb, Yugo rail yard killing 153
1974 - Launching of 1st Dutch satellite, ANS, from Vandenberg
1974 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1975 - KTW-AM in Seattle Wash changes call letters to KYAC (now KKFX)
1976 - Tom Brokaw becomes news anchor of Today Show
Artist & Musician Yoko OnoArtist & Musician Yoko Ono 1976 - Turks & Caicos Islands adopts constitution
1979 - -Sept 13] Hurricane David, kills 1200 in Florida, Domincana & Dom Rep
1979 - 1st recorded occurrance-comet hits sun (energy=1 mil hydrogen bombs)
1979 - Ian Botham makes 1000 runs/100 wkts in Tests in his 21st match
1979 - Kathy Horvath (14y5d) is youngest to play in US Tennis Open, she loses
1979 - Pres Carter attacked by a rabbit on a canoe trip in Plains Ga
1979 - Wildest US Tennis Open match, McEnroe defeats Ilie Nastase 6-4, 4-6, 6-3, 6-2. Nastase was defaulted by the umpire then reinstated
1980 - Polish government recognizes Solidarity
1981 - Joanne Carner wins Columbia Savings LPGA Golf Classic
1982 - PLO leader Yasser Arafat leaves Beirut
1983 - 8th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 3-launched (6 days)
1983 - Elizabeth R Zakarian (Devon Pierce), 17, NY, crowned 1st Miss Teen USA
1983 - WKBC-TV (channel 48) ends broadcasting in Phila
1983 - Guion Bluford becomes 1st African-American astronaut in space
1984 - 12th Space Shuttle Mission (41-D)-Discovery 1-launched (6 days)
Palestinian Leader Yasser ArafatPalestinian Leader Yasser Arafat 1984 - Emmy News & Documentaries Award presentation
1984 - Red Sox Jim Rice grounds into record 33rd double play en route to 36
1984 - Sotherby's in London begins 2 day auction of rock memorabilla
1986 - Gelindo Bordin wins Stuttgart marathon (2:10:54)
1986 - Soviet authorities arrested Nicholas Daniloff (US News World Report)
1987 - 87th US Golf Amateur Championship won by Billy Mayfair
1987 - Ayako Okamoto wins LPGA Nestle World Golf Championship
1987 - Ben Johnson of Canada runs 100 m in world record 9.83 sec
1987 - Kirby Puckett goes 6-for-6 with 2 HRs in Minn 10-6 win over Milwaukee
1987 - Stefka Kostadinova of Bulgaria sets high jump woman's record (6'10½")
1987 - Yves Pol of France runs complete marathon backwards (3:57:57)
1987 - Knuckleballer Charlie Hough on the mound, Rangers catcher Geno Petralli ties the major league record by allowing 6 passed balls
1988 - France performs nuclear test
1988 - Julianne Philips files for divorce from Bruce Springsteen
1988 - Kent Tekulve is 2nd pitcher in majors to appear in 1,000 games
1990 - Ken Griffey & Ken Griffey Jr become 1st father & son to play on same team (Seattle Mariners), both single in 1st inning
1990 - Tatarstan declares independence from the RSFSR.
1991 - Dan O'Brien sets US decathalon record with 8,812 points
1991 - Mike Powell of US, sets then long jump record at 29' 4½" (8.95m)
1991 - Tamil Tigers capture Sri Lanka poet Selvi
1992 - "2 Trains Running" closes at Walter Kerr Theater NYC after 160 perfs
1992 - "Most Happy Fella" closes at Booth Theater NYC after 229 performances
1992 - 92nd US Golf Amateur Championship won by Justin Leonard
1992 - David Lewett & Jane Luu discovers comet: "1992 QB1" 64 mil km from Sun
1992 - Dottie Mochrie wins LPGA Sun-Times Golf Challenge
1993 - 150,000,000 millionth visitor to Eiffel Tower
1993 - Hassan II mosque opens in Casablanca, 2nd largest mosque in the world
1994 - Gund Arena in Cleve opens
1994 - Largest US Tennis Open single session (total) 23,618
1995 - Cable News Network joins internet
1995 - Tigers teammates Lou Whitaker & Alan Trammell play in 1,914 game together tying AL record
1997 - 1st WNBA Championshion: Houston Comets beat NY Liberty
1997 - Greg Rudaski is 1st to serve (2) 141 MPH serves in a match (US Open)
1998 - State Farm Rail Golf Classic
1999 - East Timorese vote for independence in a referendum.
2012 - Cholera outbreak kills 229 people in Sierra Leone
2012 - A blast in the in the Xiaojiawan coal mine, China, kills 26 miners with 21 missing
1146 - European leaders outlawed the crossbow. 1645 - American Indians and the Dutch made a peace treaty at New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam later became known as New York. 1682 - William Penn sailed from England and later established the colony of Pennsylvania in America. 1780 - General Benedict Arnold secretly promised to surrender the West Point fort to the British army. 1806 - New York City's second daily newspaper, the "Daily Advertiser," was published for the last time. 1809 - Charles Doolittle Walcott first discovered fossils near Burgess Pass. He named the site Burgess Shale after nearby Mt. Burgess. 1862 - The Confederates defeated Union forces at the second Battle of Bull Run in Manassas, VA. 1905 - Ty Cobb made his major league batting debut with the Detroit Tigers. 1928 - The Independence of India League was established in India. 1941 - During World War II, the Nazis severed the last railroad link between Leningrad and the rest of the Soviet Union. 1945 - General Douglas MacArthur set up Allied occupation headquarters in Japan. 1951 - The Philippines and the United States signed a defense pact. 1956 - In Louisianna, the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway opened. 1960 - A partial blockade was imposed on West Berlin by East Germany. 1963 - The "Hotline" between Moscow and Washington, DC, went into operation. 1965 - Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a Supreme Court justice. Marshall was the first black justice to sit on the Supreme Court. 1982 - P.L.O. leader Yasir Arafat left Beirut for Greece. 1983 - The space shuttle Challenger blasted off with Guion S. Bluford Jr. aboard. He was the first black American to travel in space. 1984 - The space shuttle Discovery lifted off for the first time. On the voyage three communications satellites were deployed. 1984 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan, and several others, were inducted into the Sportscasters Hall of Fame. 1991 - The Soviet republic of Azerbaijan declared its independence. 1993 - On CBS-TV "The Late Show with David Letterman" premiered. 1994 - Rosa Parks was robbed and beaten by Joseph Skipper. Parks was known for her refusal to give up her seat on a bus in 1955, which sparked the civil rights movement. 1994 - The largest U.S. defense contractor was created when the Lockheed and Martin Marietta corporations agreed to a merger. 1996 - An expedition to raise part of the Titanic failed when the nylon lines being used to raise part of the hull snapped. 1999 - The residents of East Timor overwhelmingly voted for independence from Indonesia. The U.N. announced the result on September 4.
30 B.C. Cleopatra VII, Queen of Egypt, committed suicide. 1862 The Second Battle of Bull Run took place during the Civil War. 1905 Ty Cobb made his major league batting debut, playing for the Detroit Tigers. 1941 The two-year siege of Leningrad during World War II began. 1963 A hot line between the Kremlin and the White House went into operation to reduce the chances of an accidental war. 1967 Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to become the first African American Supreme Court justice. 1999 East Timor residents voted to secede from Indonesia.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/aug30.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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