http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Dec 30, 1922: USSR established
In post-revolutionary Russia, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, comprising a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation (divided in 1936 into the Georgian, Azerbaijan, and Armenian republics). Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor to the Russian Empire and the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism.
During the Russian Revolution of 1917 and subsequent three-year Russian Civil War, the Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin dominated the soviet forces, a coalition of workers' and soldiers' committees that called for the establishment of a socialist state in the former Russian Empire. In the USSR, all levels of government were controlled by the Communist Party, and the party's politburo, with its increasingly powerful general secretary, effectively ruled the country. Soviet industry was owned and managed by the state, and agricultural land was divided into state-run collective farms.
In the decades after it was established, the Russian-dominated Soviet Union grew into one of the world's most powerful and influential states and eventually encompassed 15 republics--Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Belorussia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. In 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved following the collapse of its communist government.
Dec 30, 1916: Rasputin murdered
Grigory Rasputin, a self-fashioned Russian holy man, is murdered by Russian nobles eager to end his sway over the royal family.
Rasputin won the favor of Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra through his ability to stop the bleeding of their hemophiliac son, Alexei. Although the Siberian-born peasant was widely criticized for his lechery and drunkenness, he exerted a powerful influence on the ruling family of Russia. He particularly influenced the czarina, and when Nicholas departed to lead Russian forces in World War I, Rasputin effectively ruled Russia through her.
In the early hours of December 30, 1916, a group of nobles lured Rasputin to Yusupovsky Palace, where they attempted to poison him. Seemingly unaffected by the large doses of poison placed in his wine and food, he was finally shot at close range and collapsed. A minute later he rose, beat one of his assailants, and attempted to escape from the palace grounds, where he was shot again. Rasputin, still alive, was then bound and tossed into a freezing river. A few months later, the imperial regime was overthrown by the Russian Revolution.
Dec 30, 1853: Southern U.S. border established
James Gadsden, the U.S. minister to Mexico, and General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the president of Mexico, sign the Gadsden Purchase in Mexico City. The treaty settled the dispute over the location of the Mexican border west of El Paso, Texas, and established the final boundaries of the southern United States. For the price of $15 million, later reduced to $10 million, the United States acquired approximately 30,000 square miles of land in what is now southern New Mexico and Arizona.
Jefferson Davis, the U.S. secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce, had sent Gadsden to negotiate with Santa Anna for the land, which was deemed by a group of political and industrial leaders to be a highly strategic location for the construction of the southern transcontinental railroad. In 1861, the "big four" leaders of western railroad construction--Collis P. Huntington, Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker--established the Southern Pacific branch of the Central Pacific Railroad.
Dec 30, 1968: Led Zeppelin captured live for the first time in Spokane gym
Within a year, they'd be big. Within two, they'd be huge. And within three, they'd be the biggest band in the world. But on December 30, 1968, the quartet of British rockers preparing for their fifth-ever gig in the United States were using propane heaters to keep themselves and their equipment warm while they waited to go on as the opening act for Vanilla Fudge at a concert in a frigid college gymnasium in western Washington State. A few serious rock fans in attendance had at least heard about the new band formed around the former guitarist from the now-defunct Yardbirds, but if those fans even knew the name of this new group, they might not have recognized it in the ads that ran in the local newspaper. The Spokesman-Review of Spokane, Washington, ran an advertisement on this day in 1968 for a concert at Gonzaga University featuring "The Vanilla Fudge, with Len Zefflin"—a concert of which a bootleg recording would later emerge that represents the first-ever live Led Zeppelin performance captured on tape.
At the end of the now widely available recording known as Gonzaga '68, Robert Plant can be heard introducing himself and his bandmates—John Paul Jones on bass, Jimmy Page on guitar and John Bonham on drums—to a smattering of applause. But some of those who were in attendance that day remember their reaction as being stronger. In a Spokesman-Review article published 29 years after the night in question, Bob Gallagher, a teenage record-store employee at the time, recalled the show's opening number: ""Bonham came out and started drumming on 'Train Kept a-Rollin'," Gallagher said, "and everybody went, 'Holy crap.'"
"What I mostly remember is when Jimmy Page took out a violin bow and began bowing his double-neck guitar," said another concertgoer, Jeff Nadeau. "The house was universally mind-blown. It was the most stunning and awesome sound ever."
There is nothing raw or un-Led Zeppelin-like about the sound captured by an unknown Gonzaga student on a small, portable tape recorder that day. The Gonzaga '68 bootleg features the band performing tight and thrilling versions of some songs that are now considered classics but were then unknown to those in attendance. Indeed, halfway through the set, Robert Plant introduces one number as follows: "This is off an album that comes out in about three weeks time on the Atlantic label. It's called Led Zeppelin. This is a tune called 'Dazed and Confused.'"
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
987 - French King Hugo Capet crowns his son Robert the compassionate king
1317 - Pontifical degree "Sancta Romania" against spiritualists
1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield.
1621 - English king James I cracks Protestation of Parliament
1665 - "Messiah" Sjabtai Tswi departs to Constantinople
1666 - Abraham Crijnssen departs to Suriname
1672 - Baron Karl Rabenhaupt occupies Coevorden Neth
1685 - Don Francisco de Agurto installed as land guardian of S Netherlands
1689 - Henry Purcell & Tates opera "Dido & Aeneas," premieres in Chesea
1703 - Tokyo hit by Earthquake; about 37,000 die
1731 - 1st US music concert (Peter Pelham's great room in Boston)
1794 - French troops conquer Grave Neth
1809 - Wearing masks at balls forbidden in Boston
1813 - Danzig surrenders to allied armies
1816 - The Treaty of St. Louis is proclaimed.
1817 - 1st coffee planted in Hawaii (Kona)
1835 - After gold discovery in Ga, Cherokees forced to move across Miss R
1835 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin sails from NZ to Sydney
1836 - Lehman-theater in St Petersburg catches fire; 100s die
1844 - Opera "Stradella" after being rewritten is produced (Hamburg)
1853 - A dinner party is held inside a life-size model of an Iguanodon created by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and Sir Richard Owen in south London.
1854 - Pennsylvania Rock Oil Co, 1st in US, incorporated in NYC
1861 - US, banks stops payments in gold
1869 - Philadelphia Knights of Labor forms
1873 - American Metrological Society forms (NYC) weights, measures & money
1875 - Andrassy Note calls for Christian-Muslim religious freedoms
1877 - Johnannes Brahms' 2nd Symphony in D, premieres in Vienna
1879 - Gilbert & Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance," premieres
1884 - Anton Bruckner's 7th Symphony in E, premieres in Leipzig
1888 - Belgium: king Leopold II installs Order of African Star
1892 - Dr Miles V Lynk, physician, publishes 1st Black medical journal
1893 - Russia signs military accord with France
1896 - Stanley Cup: Montreal Victorias beat Winnipeg Victorias, 6-5
1896 - José Rizal is executed by firing squad in Manila.
1897 - Province of Zululand annexed to Natal colony
1903 - Electric arc lamp sets fire to Iroquois theater in Chicago leaving 602 dead in one of the deadliest blazes in American history
1903 - American Political Science Association founded at New Orleans
1903 - Fire at Chicago's Iriquois Theater kills 602
1905 - Former Governor Frank Steunenberg is assassinated near his home in Caldwell, Idaho.
1906 - Iran becomes a constitutional monarchy
1906 - The All India Muslim League is founded in Dacca, East Bengal, British India Empire, which later laid down the foundations of Pakistan.
1907 - Abraham Mills' commission declares Abner Doubleday invented baseball
1908 - Stanley Cup: Mont Wanderers outscore Edmonton, 13-10 in 2 game set
1911 - Crickets S F Barnes takes 5-6 in 1st 11 overs v Aust at MCG
1911 - Sun Yat-sen elected 1st pres of Republic of China
1913 - Barnes takes 17 wickets vs South Africa (8-56 & 9-103)
1915 - Cromarty Harbour, Scot-British cruiser Natal explodes: 405 die
1917 - -32°F (-36°C) in Mountain City, Tennessee (state record)
1917 - -37°F (-38°C) in Lewisburg, WV (state record)
1918 - John E Hoover decides to be called J. Edgar Hoover
1919 - Lincoln's Inn in London admits its first female bar student.
1922 - Soviet Union organized as a federation of RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR & Transcaucasian SSR
1924 - Edwin Hubble announces existence of other galactic systems
1925 - NSW score 705 against Victoria, go from 8-475 to 9-701
1926 - Paul Eliot Greens "In Abraham's Bosom," premieres in NYC
1926 - Chicago Tribune reports the Tigers threw a 4-game series to the White Sox in 1917 to help Chicago win the pennant (never substaniated)
1927 - Japan dedicates 1st subway in Orient (route under 2 miles long)
1929 - Cole Porter's musical "Wake Up & Dream," premieres in NYC
1929 - Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority incorporates
1932 - Bradman out for a duck v England at cricket MCG
1933 - -50°F (-46°C) in Bloomfield, Vermont (state record)
1933 - Government disallows NSB-membership for civil service
1933 - Jack Badcock scores 274 v Victoria, Tasmania's 1st double-ton
1935 - Italian bombers destroy Swedish Red Cross unit in Ethiopia
1936 - United Auto Workers stage 1st sit-down strike, at Fisher Body Plant
1938 - Electronic television system patented (V K Zworykin)
1939 - Bradman scores 267 SA v Vic, world record 34th double cricket century
1939 - O'Reilly takes 14-45 (8-23 & 6-22) as NSW crush Qld in 2 days
1940 - California's 1st freeway, (Arroyo Seco Parkway), opens
1941 - Nazibezetters oblige artsen member to become of Artsenkamer
1941 - Nazis require Dutch physicians to join Nazi organization
1941 - Winston Churchill addresses Canadian parliament
1943 - Phillies trade Babe Dahlgren to Pitts for Babe Phelps& amp; cash
1943 - Subhash Chandra Bose raises the flag of Indian independence at Port Blair.
1944 - King George II of Greece, abdicates his throne
1947 - 36th Davis Cup: USA beats Australia in New York (4-1)
1947 - King Michael of Romania, forced by communists abdicates his throne
1947 - Romanian republic proclaimed
1948 - "Kiss Me, Kate" opens at New Century Theater NYC for 1077 performances
1949 - India recognizes People's Republic of China
1950 - Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia become Independent states in France Union
1952 - Tuskegee Inst reports 1952 as 1st yr in 71 with no lynchings in US
1953 - The first ever NTSC color television sets go on sale for about USD at $1,175 each from RCA.
1954 - "House of Flowers" opens at Alvin Theater NYC for 165 performances
1954 - Harold Arlen/Truman Capotes musical premieres in NYC
1956 - NY Giants beat Chicago Bears 47-7 in NFL championship game
1957 - Israeli government of Ben-Gurion, resigns
1957 - New York Giants win NFL championship
1958 - French franc devalued
1959 - George Washington, 1st ballistic missile sub commissioned
1961 - Moscow: premier of Dmitri Sjostakovitch' 4th Symphony (out 1936)
1962 - Green Bay Packers beat NY Giants 16-7 in NFL championship game
1963 - "Let's Make A Deal," debuts on NBC-TV
1963 - Congress authorizes Kennedy half dollar
1963 - Green Bay Packers win NFL championship
1964 - Edward Albee's "Tiny Alice," premieres in NYC
1965 - Ferdinand Marcos inaugurated as president of the Phillipines
1967 - Beatles' "Hello Goodbye," single goes #1& amp; stays #1 for 3 weeks
1967 - Great Western Forum opens in LA
1968 - -48°F (-44°C), Mazama & Winthrop, Washington (state record)
1969 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1971 - Long Island NHL franchise purchased (NY Islanders)
1971 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1972 - Pres Nixon halts bombing of North Vietnam & announces peace talks
1973 - 1st picture of a comet from space (Comet Kohoutek-Skylab)
1973 - Miami Dolphins beat Oakland Raiders 27-10 in AFC championship game
1973 - Minnesota Vikings beat Dallas Cowboys 27-10 in NFC championship game
1974 - Beatles are legally disbanded (4 years after suit was brought)
1975 - "Boccaccio" closes at Edison Theater NYC after 7 performances
1975 - Constitution of Democratic Republic of Madagascar comes into force
1976 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1977 - Carter holds 1st news conference by US pres in Eastern Europe (Warsaw)
1978 - "King & I" closes at Uris Theater NYC after 719 performances
1978 - Ohio State dismisses Woody Hayes as its football coach
1979 - Rock group, Emerson, Lake & Palmer break up
1979 - Togo adopts constitution
1980 - "Wonderful World of Disney," last performance on NBC-TV
1981 - Wayne Gretzky sets NHL record of 50 goals by 39th game of season
1982 - Anthony Shaffers "Whodunnit," premieres in NYC
1982 - England defeat Australia by three runs at cricket MCG
1982 - US Assay Office in New York City, NY closes
1984 - Miss Elizabeth (Hulette) & Macho Man Randy Savage (Poffo) wed
1985 - IBM-PC DOS Version 3.2 released
1985 - Pakistan restores constitution
1987 - Australia hang on for draw v NZ at MCG, 1 wkt left 17 runs short
1987 - Premier Mugabe elected president of Zimbabwe
1988 - Canadian Senate OK's free trade pact; with US
1988 - Former Soviet Pres Brezhnev's son-in-law sentenced to 12-yr (bribery)
1988 - Mercedes-Benz pays $20.2-M fine failed to meet '86 government fuel standard
1988 - North subpoenas Reagan & Bush as defense witnesses for upcoming trial
1989 - 10th United Negro College Fund raises $12,000,000
1989 - Dmitri Volkov swims world record 50m freestyle (27.15 sec)
1990 - "Miser" closes at Circle in Sq Theater NYC after 93 performances
1990 - 11th United Negro College Fund raises $10,000,000
1992 - Last day of Test Cricket for Michael Whitney
1992 - Shane Warne takes 7-52 to lead Australian MCG win v West Indies
1993 - "Candles, Snow, & Mistletoe" closes at Palace NYC after 7 perfs
1993 - Vatican recognizes Israel
1995 - Carquest Bowl 6: North Carolina beats Arkansas, 20-10
1995 - The lowest ever United Kingdom temperature of -27.2°C was recorded at Altnaharra in the Scottish Highlands. This equalled the record set at Braemar, Aberdeenshire on February 11, 1895 and January 10, 1982.
1996 - Proposed budget cuts by Benjamin Netanyahu spark protests from 250,000 workers who shut down services across Israel.
1997 - An abandoned building collapses on NY's 42nd St, no one hurt
1997 - In the worst incident in Algeria's insurgency, the Wilaya of Relizane massacres, 400 people are killed from four villages.
2000 - Rizal Day Bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines within a span of a few hours, killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.
2003 - U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft recuses himself and his office from the Plame affair.
2004 - A fire in the República Cromagnon nightclub in Buenos Aires, Argentina kills 194.
2005 - Tropical Storm Zeta forms in the open Atlantic Ocean, tying the record for the latest tropical cyclone ever to form in the North Atlantic basin.
2006 - Madrid Barajas International Airport is bombed.
2012 - 19 people are killed by a suicide bomber in Balochistan, Pakistan
2012 - 9 people are killed and 26 are injured in a tour bus crash off interstate 84, Oregon, US
2012 - The opening of Line 6 of the Beijing subway makes it the longest metro network in the world at 442km
1460 - At the Battle of Wakefield, in England's Wars of the Roses, the Duke of York was defeated and killed by the Lancastrians. 1853 - The United States bought about 45,000 square miles of land from Mexico in a deal known as the Gadsden Purchase. 1879 - Gilbert and Sullivan's "The Pirates of Penzance" was first performed, at Paignton, Devon, England. 1880 - The Transvaal was declared a republic. Paul Kruger became its first president. 1887 - A petition to Queen Victoria with over one million names of women appealing for public houses to be closed on Sundays was handed to the home secretary. 1903 - About 600 people died when fire broke out at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, IL. 1919 - Lincoln's Inn, in London, admitted the first female bar student. 1922 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formed. 1924 - Edwin Hubble announced the existence of other galactic systems. 1927 - The first subway in the Orient was dedicated in Tokyo, Japan. 1935 - Italian bombers destroyed a Sweedish Red Cross unit in Ethiopia. 1936 - The United Auto Workers union staged its first sit-down strike, at the Fisher Body Plant in Flint, MI. 1940 - California's first freeway was officially opened. It was the Arroyo Seco Parkway connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena. 1942 - "Mr. and Mrs. North" debuted on NBC radio. 1944 - King George II of Greece proclaimed a regency to rule his country, virtually renouncing the throne. 1947 - King Michael of Romania abdicated in favor of a Communist Republic. He claimed he was forced from his throne. 1948 - "Kiss Me Kate" opened at the New Century Theatre in New York City. Cole Porter composed the music for the classic play that ran for 1,077 performances. 1953 - The first color TV sets went on sale for about $1,175. 1954 - Pearl Bailey opened on Broadway in the play, "House of Flowers." 1954 - James Arness made his dramatic TV debut in "The Chase". The "Gunsmoke" series didn’t begin for Arness until the fall of 1955. 1961 - Jack Nicklaus lost his first attempt at pro golf to Gary Player in an exhibition match in Miami, FL. 1972 - The United States halted its heavy bombing of North Vietnam. 1976 - The Smothers Brothers, Tom and Dick, played their last show at the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas and retired as a team from show business. Both continued as solo artists and they reunited several years later. 1978 - Ohio State University fired Woody Hayes as its football coach, one day after Hayes punched Clemson University player Charlie Bauman during the Gator Bowl. Bauman had intercepted an Ohio pass. 1980 - "The Wonderful World of Disney" was cancelled by NBC after more than 25 years on the TV. It was the longest-running series in prime-time television history. Disney movies, music and books 1993 - Israel and the Vatican established diplomatic relations. 1996 - A passenger train was bombed by Bodo separatists in India's eastern state of Assam. At least 26 people were killed and dozens were seriously injured. 1996 - About 250,000 striking workers shut down vital services across Israel in protests against budget cuts proposed by Prime Minister Netanyahu. 1997 - More than 400 people were massacred in four villages in the single worst incident during Algeria's insurgency.
1853 The United States bought some 45,000 sq mi of land from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase. 1911 Sun Yat-sen was elected the first president of the Republic of China. 1922 The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics was established through the confederation of Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, and Transcaucasian Federation. 1940 California's first freeway opened. 1972 President Nixon halted the heavy bombing on North Vietnam. 1993 Israel and the Vatican signed an agreement of mutual recognition to put an end to Jewish-Christian hostilities.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/dec30.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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