http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 1, 1961: Kennedy establishes Peace Corps
Newly elected President John F. Kennedy issues an executive order establishing the Peace Corps. It proved to be one of the most innovative and highly publicized Cold War programs set up by the United States. During the course of his campaign for the presidency in 1960, Kennedy floated the idea that a new "army" should be created by the United States.
This force would be made up of civilians who would volunteer their time and skills to travel to underdeveloped nations to assist them in any way they could.
To fulfill this plan, Kennedy issued an executive order on March 1, 1961 establishing the Peace Corps as a trial program. Kennedy sent a message to Congress asking for its support and made clear the significance of underdeveloped nations to the United States. The people of these nations were "struggling for economic and social progress." "Our own freedom," Kennedy continued, "and the future of freedom around the world, depend, in a very real sense, on their ability to build growing and independent nations where men can live in dignity, liberated from the bonds of hunger, ignorance, and poverty." Many in Congress, and the U.S. public, were skeptical about the program's costs and the effectiveness of American aid to what were perceived to be "backward" nations, but Kennedy's warning about the dangers in the underdeveloped world could not be ignored. Revolutions were breaking out around the globe and many of these conflicts—such as in Laos, the Congo, and elsewhere—were in danger of becoming Cold War battlefields. Several months later, Congress voted to make the Corps permanent.
During the 1960s and 1970s, thousands of Americans—especially young people—flocked to serve in dozens of nations, particularly in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Working side by side with the people of these nations, Peace Corps volunteers helped build sewer and water systems; constructed and taught in schools; assisted in developing new crops and agricultural methods to increase productivity; and participated in numerous other projects. Volunteers often faced privation and sometimes danger, and they were not always welcomed by foreign people suspicious of American motives. Overall, however, the program was judged a success in terms of helping to "win the hearts and minds" of people in the underdeveloped world. The program continues to function, and thousands of Americans each year are drawn to the humanitarian mission and sense of adventure that characterizes the Peace Corps.
Mar 1, 1781: Articles of Confederation are ratified
On this day in 1781, the Articles of Confederation are finally ratified. The Articles were signed by Congress and sent to the individual states for ratification on November 15, 1777, after 16 months of debate. Bickering over land claims between Virginia and Maryland delayed final ratification for almost four more years. Maryland finally approved the Articles on March 1, 1781, affirming the Articles as the outline of the official government of the United States. The nation was guided by the Articles of Confederation until the implementation of the current U.S. Constitution in 1789.
The critical distinction between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution —the primacy of the states under the Articles—is best understood by comparing the following lines.
The Articles of Confederation begin:
"To all to whom these Present shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States"
By contrast, the Constitution begins: "We the People of the United Statesdo ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
The predominance of the states under the Articles of Confederation is made even more explicit by the claims of Article II:
"Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled."
Less than five years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over 20 years. The difference between a collection of sovereign states forming a confederation and a federal government created by a sovereign people lay at the heart of debate as the new American people decided what form their government would take.
Between 1776 and 1787, Americans went from living under a sovereign king, to living in sovereign states, to becoming a sovereign people. That transformation defined the American Revolution.
Mar 1, 1932: Lindbergh baby kidnapped
On this day in 1932, in a crime that captured the attention of the entire nation, Charles Lindbergh III, the 20-month-old son of aviation hero Charles Lindbergh, is kidnapped from the family's new mansion in Hopewell, New Jersey. Lindbergh, who became an international celebrity when he flew the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927, and his wife Anne discovered a ransom note demanding $50,000 in their son's empty room. The kidnapper used a ladder to climb up to the open second-floor window and left muddy footprints in the room.
The Lindberghs were inundated by offers of assistance and false clues. Even Al Capone offered his help from prison. For three days, investigators found nothing and there was no further word from the kidnappers. Then, a new letter showed up, this time demanding $70,000.
The kidnappers eventually gave instructions for dropping off the money and when it was delivered, the Lindberghs were told their baby was on a boat called Nelly off the coast of Massachusetts. After an exhaustive search, however, there was no sign of either the boat or the child. Soon after, the baby's body was discovered near the Lindbergh mansion. He had been killed the night of the kidnapping and was found less than a mile from home. The heartbroken Lindberghs ended up donating the mansion to charity and moved away.
The kidnapping looked like it would go unsolved until September 1934, when a marked bill from the ransom turned up. The gas station attendant who had accepted the bill wrote down the license plate number because he was suspicious of the driver. It was tracked back to a German immigrant and carpenter, Bruno Hauptmann. When his home was searched, detectives found a chunk of Lindbergh ransom money.
Hauptmann claimed that a friend had given him the money to hold and that he had no connection to the crime. The resulting trial was a national sensation. The prosecution's case was not particularly strong; the main evidence, besides the money, was testimony from handwriting experts that the ransom note had been written by Hauptmann. The prosecution also tried to establish a connection between Hauptmann and the type of wood that was used to make the ladder.
Still, the evidence and intense public pressure were enough to convict Hauptmann and he was electrocuted in 1935. In the aftermath of the crime—the most notorious of the 1930s—kidnapping was made a federal offense.
Mar 1, 1965: U.S. informs South Vietnam of intent to send Marines
Ambassador Maxwell Taylor informs South Vietnamese Premier Phan Huy Quat that the United States is preparing to send 3,500 U.S. Marines to Vietnam to protect the U.S. airbase at Da Nang.
Three days later, a formal request was submitted by the U.S. Embassy, asking the South Vietnamese government to "invite" the United States to send the Marines. Premier Quat, a mere figurehead, had to obtain approval from the real power, Gen. Nguyen Van Thieu, chief of the Armed Forces Council. Thieu approved, but asked that the Marines be "brought ashore in the most inconspicuous way feasible." Rumors of the imminent arrival of American troops soon circulated in Saigon, but there was no official word from either government until March 6 when the Johnson administration publicly confirmed that it would be sending the Marines to South Vietnam.
Mar 1, 1941: Bulgaria joins the Axis
On this day, the southeastern European nation of Bulgaria joins the Axis powers by signing the Tripartite Pact.
When the Second World War broke out, Bulgaria declared its neutrality. But Bulgaria's King Boris was eager to expand his country's borders, and Germany had already coerced Romania to restore south Dobruja—which had been lost in World War I—to Bulgaria. Bulgaria had chosen the wrong side in World War I, deciding that its territorial needs then would best be met by joining the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary and the German Empire). They were wrong, and King Boris was determined not to make the same mistake again.
Believing Hitler's boasts that he had already won the war, King Boris chose to pitch his country's tent on the Axis side of the war. Hitler needed a compliant Bulgaria through which to march his troops en route to offensives against both Yugoslavia and Greece. If the Germans were victorious in Greece, Bulgaria hoped, as a new war partner, to gain access itself to the Aegean by claiming Greek territory to its south. On March 1, the Germans came marching through the Balkans, as the Bulgarian king signed the Tripartite Pact in Vienna with Hitler looking on.
Bulgaria benefited in the short term from the alliance; it made territorial gains in both Greece and Yugoslavia. But Hitler was not through exploiting its "partner"-the Fuhrer wanted Bulgaria's help in its war with the Soviet Union. While King Boris prepared Bulgarian troops for the Eastern Front in 1943, communists and agrarian reformers mounted a vigorous resistance campaign, assassinating more than 100 pro-Nazi officials. King Boris also died at this time—from a heart attack. A Regency Council was formed, which remained loyal to Germany. Successive governments rose and fell until the Soviet Union's invasion of Bulgaria in September 1944 resulted in an armistice and a postwar, pro-Soviet Bulgaria.
Mar 1, 1692: Salem Witch Hunt begins
In Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba, an Indian slave from Barbados, are charged with the illegal practice of witchcraft. Later that day, Tituba, possibly under coercion, confessed to the crime, encouraging the authorities to seek out more Salem witches.
Trouble in the small Puritan community began the month before, when nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris and 11-year-old Abigail Williams, the daughter and niece, respectively, of the Reverend Samuel Parris, began experiencing fits and other mysterious maladies. A doctor concluded that the children were suffering from the effects of witchcraft, and the young girls corroborated the doctor's diagnosis. With encouragement from a number of adults in the community, the girls, who were soon joined by other "afflicted" Salem residents, accused a widening circle of local residents of witchcraft, mostly middle-aged women but also several men and even one four-year-old child. During the next few months, the afflicted area residents incriminated more than 150 women and men from Salem Village and the surrounding areas of Satanic practices.
In June 1692, the special Court of Oyer, "to hear," and Terminer, "to decide," convened in Salem under Chief Justice William Stoughton to judge the accused. The first to be tried was Bridget Bishop of Salem, who was found guilty and executed by hanging on June 10. Thirteen more women and four men from all stations of life followed her to the gallows, and one man, Giles Corey, was executed by crushing. Most of those tried were condemned on the basis of the witnesses' behavior during the actual proceedings, characterized by fits and hallucinations that were argued to be caused by the defendants on trial.
In October 1692, Governor William Phipps of Massachusetts ordered the Court of Oyer and Terminer dissolved and replaced with the Superior Court of Judicature, which forbade the type of sensational testimony allowed in the earlier trials. Executions ceased, and the Superior Court eventually released all those awaiting trial and pardoned those sentenced to death. The Salem witch trials, which resulted in the executions of 19 innocent women and men, had effectively ended.
Mar 1, 1872: Yellowstone Park established
President Grant signs the bill creating the nation's first national park at Yellowstone.
Native Americans had lived and hunted in the region that would become Yellowstone for hundreds of years before the first Anglo explorers arrived. Abundant game and mountain streams teaming with fish attracted the Indians to the region, though the awe-inspiring geysers, canyons, and gurgling mud pots also fascinated them.
John Colter, the famous mountain man, was the first Anglo to travel through the area. After journeying with Lewis and Clark to the Pacific, Colter joined a party of fur trappers to explore the wilderness. In 1807, he explored part of the Yellowstone plateau and returned with fantastic stories of steaming geysers and bubbling cauldrons. Some doubters accused the mountain man of telling tall tales and jokingly dubbed the area "Colter's Hell."
Before the Civil War, only a handful of trappers and hunters ventured into the area, and it remained largely a mystery. In 1869, the Folsom-Cook expedition made the first formal exploration, followed a year later by a much more thorough reconnaissance by the Washburn-Langford-Doane expedition. The key to Yellowstone's future as a national park, though, was the 1871 exploration under the direction of the government geologist Ferdinand Hayden. Hayden brought along William Jackson, a pioneering photographer, and Thomas Moran, a brilliant landscape artist, to make a visual record of the expedition. Their images provided the first visual proof of Yellowstone's wonders and caught the attention of the U.S. Congress.
Early in 1872, Congress moved to set aside 1,221,773 acres of public land straddling the future states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho as America's first national park. President Grant signed the bill into law on this day in 1872. The Yellowstone Act of 1872 designated the region as a public "pleasuring-ground," which would be preserved "from injury or spoilation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within."
For a nation bent on settling and exploiting the West, the creation of Yellowstone was surprising. Many congressmen gave it their support simply because they believed the rugged and isolated region was of little economic value. Yet the Yellowstone Act of 1872 set a precedent and popularized the idea of preserving sections of the public domain for use as public parks. Congress went on to designate dozens of other national parks, and the idea spread to other nations around the world.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
752 BC - Romulus, first king of Rome, celebrates the first Roman triumph after his victory over the Caeninenses, following the Rape of the Sabine Women.
86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
293 - Roman emperor Maximianus introduces tetrarchy
317 - Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius Iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
492 - St Felix III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
492 - St Gelasius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
705 - John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope
743 - Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited
918 - Balderik becomes bishop of Utrecht
1260 - Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquerors Damascus
1382 - French Maillotin uprises against taxes
1420 - Pope Martinus I calls for crusade against the hussieten
1457 - The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
1562 - Blood bath at Vassy: Gen de Guise allows 1200 huguenots murder
1565 - Portuguese soldier Estácio de Sá founds the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1587 - English parliament leader Peter Wentworth confined in London Tower
1591 - Pope Gregory XIV threatens to excommunicate French king Henri IV
1593 - The Uppsala Synod is summoned to confirm the exact forms of the Lutheran Church of Sweden.
1628 - Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England mandating that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
King Charles IKing Charles I 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
1634 - Battle at Smolensk: Polish King Wladyslaw IV beats Russians
1642 - Georgeana (York) Maine became the 1st incorporated American city
1692 - Sarah Goode, Sarah Osborne, & Tituba arrest for witchcraft (Salem, MA)
1711 - "The Spectator" begins publishing (London)
1780 - Pennsylvania becomes 1st US state to abolish slavery (for new-borns only)
1781 - Continental Congress adopts Articles of Confederation
1784 - E Kidner opens 1st cooking school, in Great Britain
1785 - Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture organized
1790 - 1st US census authorized
1792 - US Presidential Succession Act passed
1796 - 1st National Meeting in the Hague
1803 - Ohio becomes 17th state
1809 - Embargo Act of 1807 repealed & Non-Intercourse Act signed
1811 - Egyptian king Muhammad Ali Pasha oversees ceremonial murder of 500
1811 - French Civil Code of Criminal law accepted by Netherlands Mamelukes in Cairo's Citadel
1815 - Sunday observance in Netherlands regulated by law
1840 - Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
1845 - President Tyler signs a resolution annexing the Republic of Texas
1847 - Michigan becomes 1st English-speaking jurisdiction to abolish the death penalty (except for treason against the state)
1852 - Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
1854 - SS City of Glasgow leaves Liverpool harbor & is never seen again
1854 - German psychologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in a canal near Charlottenburg.
1859 - Present seal of SF adopted (its 2nd)
1864 - Louis Ducos du Hauron patents movie machine (never built)
1864 - Rebecca Lee (US) becomes 1st black woman to receive a medical degree
1866 - Paraguayan canoes sink 2 Brazilian ironclads on Rio Parana
1867 - Howard University, Washington DC, chartered
1867 - Most of Nebraska becomes 37th US state (expanded later)
1869 - Postage stamps showing scenes are issued for 1st time
1871 - J Milton Turner named minister to Liberia
1872 - Yellowstone becomes world's 1st national park
1873 - E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York begins production of the first practical typewriter.
1875 - Congress passes Civil Rights Act; invalidated by Supreme Ct, 1883
1876 - Guernsey Cattle Club forms (Farmington Conn)
1878 - First winter ascent of Aneto
1879 - Library of Hawaii founded
1886 - The Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
1890 - 1st US edition of Sherlock Holmes (Study in Scarlet) published
1893 - Diplomatic Appropriation Act, authorizes the US rank of ambassador
1896 - Battle of Adwa: 80,000 Ethiopians destroy 20,000 Italians in Ethopia
Physicist/Nobel Laureate Henri BecquerelPhysicist/Nobel Laureate Henri Becquerel 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
1904 - England regains cricket Ashes taking a 3-1 series lead v Australia
1909 - 1st US university school of nursing established, Univ of Minn
1910 - 3 passenger trains buried at Steven's Pass in Cascade Range. 118 die. Worst snow slide in US history
1912 - Capt Albert Berry performs 1st parachute jump from an airplane
1912 - Isabella Goodwin, 1st US woman detective, appointed, NYC
1913 - 1st state law requiring bonding of officers & state employees, ND
1913 - Federal income tax takes effect (16th amendment)
1914 - Dutch Minister of war H Colijn named director of British Petroleum
1914 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
1916 - Germany begins attacking ships in the Atlantic
1917 - 1st federal land bank chartered
1917 - U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
1919 - Demonstrations for Korean independence from Japan begin
1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
1920 - Austria becomes a kingdom again, under Adm Horthy
1920 - Buriat ASSR, in RSFSR, constituted
1921 - Australia Cricket team complete 5-0 drubbing of England
1921 - Rwanda ceded to Great Britain
1921 - Sailors revolt in Kronstadt Russia
1923 - Allies occupy Ruhrgebied: killing railroad striker
1924 - Germany's prohibition of Communist Party KPD lifted
1927 - Bank of Italy becomes a Natl Bank
1928 - Paul Whiteman & orchestra record "Ol' Man River" for Victor Records
Aviator Charles LindberghAviator Charles Lindbergh 1932 - Charles Lindbergh Jr (20 months), kidnapped in NJ; found dead May 12
1933 - Bank holidays declared in 6 states, to prevent run on banks
1934 - Henry Pu Yi crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria
1934 - Primo Carnera beats Tommy Loughran in 15 for heavyweight boxing title
1936 - The Hoover Dam is completed.
1936 - A strike occurs aboard the S.S. California, leading to the demise of the International Seamen's Union and the creation of the National Maritime Union.
1937 - 1st permanent automobile license plates issued (Ct)
1937 - Gov Wouters innaugrates the radio station on the Dutch Antilles
1937 - US Steel raises workers' wages to $5 a day
1939 - Japanese Imperial Army ammunition dump exploded at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.
1940 - 12th Academy Awards - "Gone with the Wind," R Donat & V Leigh win
1940 - Richard Wright's novel "Native Son" is published
1941 - "Captain America" appears in a comic book
1941 - 1st US commercial FM radio station goes on the air, Nashville, Tenn
1941 - Elmer Layden becomes 1st NFL commissioner
31st US President Herbert Hoover31st US President Herbert Hoover 1941 - German troops invade Bulgaria
1941 - Himmler inspects Auschwitz concentration camp
1942 - 3 day Battle of Java Sea ends, US suffers a major naval defeat
1942 - Baseball decides that players in milt can't play when on furlough
1942 - J Milton Cage Jr's "Imaginary Landscape No 3," premieres in Chicago
1942 - Japanese troops occupy Kalidjati airport in Java
1942 - Suriname camp for NSB people opens to save Jews
1942 - Tito establishes 2nd Proletarit Brigade in Bosnia
1943 - Jewish old age home for disabled in Amsterdam raided
1944 - Massive strikes in Northern Italian towns
1944 - U-358 sinks in Atlantic
1945 - British 43rd Division under Gen Essame occupies Xanten
1945 - Chinese 30th division occupies Hsenwi
1945 - FDR announces success of Yalta Conference
1945 - Fieldmarshal Kesselring succeeds von Rundstedt as commander
32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1945 - US infantry regiment captures Mönchengladbach
1946 - British government takes control of Bank of England, after 252 years
1946 - Panama accepts its new constitution
1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
1947 - International Monetary Fund begins operation
1949 - Joe Louis retires as heavyweight boxing champ
1949 - The Browns, owners of Sportsman's Park, move to evict the Cardinals
1949 - Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
1950 - Chiang Kai-shek resumed the presidency of National China on Formosa
1950 - Klaus Fuchs sentenced to 14 years for atomic espionage (London)
1950 - USSR issues golden rubles
1952 - Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns
1952 - Helgoland, in North Sea, returned to West Germany by Britain
1953 - Babe Didrikson-Zaharias wins LPGA Sarasota Golf Open
1953 - KAUZ TV channel 6 in Wichita Falls, TX (CBS) begins broadcasting
1953 - KTNT (now KSTW) TV channel 11 in Tacoma-Seattle, WA (IND) begins
1953 - WJZ-AM in NYC becomes WABC; WJZ-TV in Baltimore final transmission
1953 - WTAJ TV channel 10 in Altoona, PA (CBS) begins broadcasting
Soviet Union Premier Joseph StalinSoviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin 1953 - Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses. He dies four days later.
1954 - 4 Puerto Ricans open fire in US house of reps injuring 5 reps
1954 - In spring training, baseballer Ted Williams breaks his collarbone
1954 - Rebellion during visit of pres Naguib in Khartoum Sudan, 30 die
1954 - US explodes 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll
1955 - Israeli assault on Gaza, kills 48
1955 - KFAR (now KATN) TV channel 2 in Fairbanks, AK (ABC/NBC) 1st broadcast
1955 - Pakistan v India 5 Test Cricket series ends in a 0-0 draw
1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
1957 - "Ziegfeld Follies of 1957" opens at Winter Garden NYC for 123 perfs
1957 - KTWO TV channel 2 in Casper, WY (NBC/ABC/CBS) begins broadcasting
1957 - Kokomo the Chimp becomes Today Show animal editor
1958 - Gary Sobers 365* v Pak, 614 min, 38 fours, best Cricket before Lara
1958 - Sobers completes 446 stand for 2nd wicket with Conrad Hunte, 260
1958 - West Indies cricket declare at stumps score of 3-790 decl v Pakistan
Baseball Player Ted WilliamsBaseball Player Ted Williams 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
1959 - Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus after 3 years
1959 - Beverly Hanson wins LPGA Golden Triangle Festival Golf Tournament
1961 - Cellist Jacqueline du Prés debut in Wigmore Hall
1961 - President Kennedy establishes the Peace Corp
1962 - American Airlines 707 plunges nose 1st into Jamaica Bay NY killing 95
1962 - K-Mart opens
1962 - US/British nuclear test experiment in Nevada
1963 - 200,000 French mine workers strike
1965 - Australia suspends champ swimmer Dawn Fraser for 10-yrs for misconduct
1965 - Gas explosion kills 28 in apartment complex (La Salle, Quebec)
1965 - WPSX TV channel 3 in Clearfield, PA (PBS) begins broadcasting
1966 - Ba'ath-party takes power in Syria
1966 - Venera 3 becomes 1st man-made object to impact on a planet (Venus)
1967 - Dominica & St Lucia gain independence from Britain
1967 - House of Reps expels Rep Adam Clayton Powell Jr (307 to 116)
1967 - Queen Elizabeth Hall (South Bank Center) opens in London
1967 - WMET (now WHSW) TV channel 24 in Baltimore, MD (IND) 1st broadcast
1968 - NBC's unprecedented on-air announcement, Star Trek will return
1968 - Pirate Radio Atlantis South (England) begins test transmitting
1968 - Political Party Radikalen (PPR) established in Netherlands
Country Singer Johnny CashCountry Singer Johnny Cash 1968 - Singers Johnny Cash (36) & June Carter (38) wed
1968 - Vatican City's Apostolic Constitution of 1967 goes into effect
1969 - "Red, White, & Maddox" closes at Cort Theater NYC after 41 perfs
1969 - After 88 weeks Sgt Pepper drops off the charts
1969 - Jim Morrison arrested for exposing himself at Dinner Key Auditorium
1969 - NY Yankees' Mickey Mantle retires
1969 - Pirate Radio 259 begins operation off the French coast
1970 - Atje Keulen-Deelstra becomes world champion all-round ladies skater
1970 - Charles Manson's album "Lie" is released
1970 - End of US coml whale hunting
1970 - Kreisky's soc-democrats win Austrian parliamentary election
1970 - White government of Rhodesia declares independence from Britain
1971 - Bomb attack on the Capitol in Wash DC
1971 - Clandestine Radio Deutsche Reich (Germany) begins transmitting on FM
1972 - Club of Rome publishes report "Boundaries on the Growth"
1972 - David Rabe's "Sticks & Bones," premieres in NYC
1972 - KHMA TV channel 11 in Houma, LA (IND) begins broadcasting
1972 - Wilt Chamberlain is 1st NBA player to score 30,000 points
1973 - Robert Joffrey Dance Company opens
1973 - Robyn Smith becomes 1st female jockey to win a major race
1974 - George Harrison announces his concert tour of US in November
1974 - Ian & Greg Chappell make 264 partnership v NZ cricket at Wellington
1974 - Watergate grand jury indicts 7 presidential aides
1975 - 17th Grammy Awards: I Honestly Love You, Marvin Hamlisch win
1975 - Eagles' "Best of My Love" reaches #1
1975 - Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
1977 - Bank of America adopts the name VISA for their credit cards
1977 - US extends territorial waters to 200 miles
1978 - "Timbuktu!" opens at Mark Hellinger Theater NYC for 243 performances
Comedian/Actor/Filmaker Charlie ChaplinComedian/Actor/Filmaker Charlie Chaplin 1978 - Charlie Chaplin's coffin and remains are stolen from a Swiss cemetery
1979 - "Sweeney Todd" opens at Uris Theater NYC for 557 performances
1980 - CTUC, Commonwealth Trade Union Council, established
1980 - Hilbert van der Duim becomes world champion all-round skater
1980 - Patti Smith & MC5 guitarist Fred Sonic Smith wed in Detroit
1980 - Snow falls in Florida
1981 - "Sophisticated Ladies" opens at Lunt-Fontanne NYC for 767 perfs
1981 - Bobby Sands, IRA member, begins 65-day hunger strike (he dies)
1981 - Irish Rep Army Bobby Sand begins hunger strike in Maze Prison
1981 - Sally Little wins LPGA Olympia Gold Golf Classic
1982 - 5 dies as ski lift malfunctions a Luz-Ardiden in Pyrenees
1982 - 5th Emmy Sports Award presentation
1982 - NY Times raises it's price from 25 cents to 30 cents
1982 - Russian spacecraft Venera 14 lands on Venus, sends back data
1983 - Tamara McKinney becomes 1st US woman skier to win the World Cup
1983 - Tornado tears through LA, injuring 33 people
1984 - Landsat 5 & ham satellite Oscar 11 launched into polar orbit
1984 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR #3931 Batten, #4529 Webern, #4530 Smoluchowski, #4818 Elgar, #5502 Brashear & #5943 Lovi
1985 - Liza Minnelli enters Betty Ford Drug Center
1985 - Milwaukee businessman Herb Kohl purchases the Milwaukee Bucks
1985 - Pentagon accepts theory that atomic war would cause a nuclear winter
1987 - Jane Geddes wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open
Singer & Actress Liza MinnelliSinger & Actress Liza Minnelli 1988 - Courtney Gibbs Eplin, 21, (Texas), crowned 37th Miss USA
1988 - Iraq says it launched 16 missiles into Tehran
1988 - Pontiac announces the end of the Fiero automobile
1988 - Wayne Gretzky passes Gordie Howe with his record 1,050th NHL assist
1989 - Ben Johnson's coach testifies Johnson began using steroids in 1981
1989 - Comet du Toit at perihelion
1989 - Julianne Philips & Bruce Springsteen divorce
1989 - The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
1990 - Benin nullifies its constitution
1990 - Luis Alberto Lacelle sworn in as president of Uruguay
1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
1991 - US Embassy in Kuwait officially reopens
1992 - "Little Hotel on the Side" closes at Belasco NYC after 41 perfs
1992 - "Visit" closes at Criterion Theater NYC after 45 performances
1992 - Jenny Thompson swims 100m freestyle world record (1:01.40)
NHL all-time top scorer Wayne GretzkyNHL all-time top scorer Wayne Gretzky 1992 - Nelson Diebel swims 100m freestyle US record (54.48 secs)
1993 - Authorities in Waco, Texas negotiate with Branch Davidians
1993 - George Steinbenner is reinstated as owner of NY Yankees
1993 - New expansion NHL team, owned by Disney, is named the Mighty Ducks
1994 - 36th Grammy Awards: I Will Always Love You, Toni Braxton wins
1994 - Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as president of Finland
1994 - Senate rejectes a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution
1995 - 37th Grammy Awards: All I Want to Do, Streets of Phila, Sheryl Crow
1995 - Belgium ends military conscript
1995 - Jozef Oleksy succeeds Waldemar Pawlak on as premier of Poland
1995 - Julio Maria Sanguinetti sworn in as president of Uruguay
1995 - Part of Houston begins using new area code 281
1995 - Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol, resigns
1996 - Lenny Wilkens, winningest coach in NBA, coaches his 1,000th victory
1996 - New toll-free 888 area code introduced
1996 - Plans approved allowing traffic cameras High Harrington & Shap England
1997 - "Mandy Patinkin in Concert," opens at Lyceum Theater NYC
1997 - 5th annual ESPY Awards shown on TV
1998 - "Art," opens at Royale Theater NYC
1998 - Australian Ladies Masters Golf
2000 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
2000 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
2002 - The peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
2003 - Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
2004 - Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and being an accomplice to Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
2004 - Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
2006 - Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as President of Finland for the second and last time.
2006 - English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
2007 - Tornadoes swarm across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths were at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
2007 - "Squatters" are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
2012 - Euro zone unemployment reaches historical high of 10.7%
2013 - The 2013 US budget sequestration comes into effect
2013 - 14 people are killed in the Lahad Datu standoff between Malaysian government and rebel forces
1498 - Vasco de Gama landed at what is now Mozambique on his way to India. 1562 - In Vassy, France, Catholics massacred over 1,000 Huguenots. The event started the First War of Religion. 1692 - In Salem Village, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Salem witch trials began. Four women were the first to be charged. 1781 - In America, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation. 1784 - In Great Britain, E. Kidner opened the first cooking school. 1790 - The U.S. Congress authorized the first U.S. census. 1803 - Ohio became the 17th U.S. state. 1810 - Sweden became the first country to appoint an Ombudsman, Lars August Mannerheim. 1811 - Egyptian ruler Mohammed Ali massacred the leaders of the Mameluke dynasty. 1815 - Napoleon returned to France from the island of Elba. He had been forced to abdicate in April of 1814. 1845 - U.S. President Tyler signed the congressional resolution to annex the Republic of Texas. 1862 - Prussia formally recognized the Kingdom of Italy. 1864 - Louis Ducos de Hauron patented a machine for taking and projecting motion pictures. The machine was never built. 1867 - Nebraska became the 37th U.S. state. 1869 - Postage stamps with scenes were issued for the first time. 1872 - The U.S. Congress authorized the creation of Yellowstone National Park. It was the world's first national park. 1873 - E. Remington and Sons of Ilion, NY, began the manufacturing the first practical typewriter. 1879 - The library of Hawaii was established. 1890 - "Literary Digest" was available for the first time. 1896 - The Battle of Adowa began in Ethiopia between the forces of Emperor Menelik II and Italian troops. The Italians were defeated. 1900 - In South Africa, Ladysmith was relieved by British troops after being under siege by the Boers for more than four months. 1907 - In Odessa, Russia, there were only about 15,000 Jews left due to evacuations. 1907 - In Spain, a royal decree abolished civil marriages. 1907 - In New York, the Salvation Army opened an anti-suicide bureau. 1911 - Industrialist Henry Frick acquired Velasquez's "Portrait of King Philip IV." 1911 - Jose Ordonez was elected President of Uraguay. 1912 - Captain Albert Berry made the first parachute jump from a moving airplane. 1927 - The Bank of Italy became a National Bank. 1932 - The 22-month-old son of Charles and Anne Lindbergh was kidnapped. The child was found dead in May. 1937 - U.S. Steel raised workers’ wages to $5 a day. 1937 - In Connecticut, the first permanent automobile license plates were issued. 1941 - FM Radio began in Nashville, TN, when station W47NV began operations. 1941 - Bulgaria joined the Axis powers by signing the Tripartite Pact. 1941 - "Duffy’s Tavern" debuted on CBS Radio. 1947 - The International Monetary Fund began operations. 1947 - Chinese Premier T.V. Soong resigned. 1949 - Joe Louis announced that he was retiring from boxing as world heavyweight boxing champion. 1950 - Klaus Fuchs was convicted of giving U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. 1954 - The United States announced that it had conducted a hydrogen bomb test on the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. 1954 - Five U.S. congressmen were wounded when four Puerto Rican nationalists opened fire from the gallery of the U.S. House of Representatives. 1959 - Archbishop Makarios returned to Cyprus from exile. 1961 - The Peace Corps was established by U.S. President Kennedy. 1962 - Pakistan announced that it had a new constitution that set up a presidential system of government. 1966 - The Soviet probe, Venera 3 crashed on the planet Venus. It was the first unmanned spacecraft to land on the surface of another planet. 1966 - Ghana ordered all Soviet, East German and Chinese technicians to leave the country. 1969 - Mickey Mantle announced his retirement from major league baseball. 1971 - A bomb exploded in a restroom in the Senate wing of the U.S. Capitol. There were no injuries. A U.S. group protesting the Vietnam War claimed responsibility. 1974 - Seven people were indicted in connection with the Watergate break-in. The charge was conspiring to obstruct justice. 1983 - The New Jersey Transit strike began. It ended on April 2. 1984 - The U.S.S.R. performed a nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk, U.S.S.R. 1987 - The Boston Celtics defeated Detroit 112-102 to post their 2,235th NBA win. 1987 - S&H Green Stamps became S&H Green Seals. The stamps were introduced 90 years earlier. 1988 - Soviet troops were sent into Azerbaijan after ethnic riots between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. 1989 - In Washington, DC, Mayor Barry and the City council imposed a curfew on minors. 1990 - In Cairo, 16 people were killed in a fire at the Sheraton Hotel. 1992 - Bosnian Serb snipers fired upon civilians after a majority of the Moslem and Croatian communities voted in favor of Bosnia's independence. 1992 - King Fahd of Saudi Arabia announced major political reforms that ceded some powers after 10 years of disciplined rule. 1992 - Bosnian Muslims and Croats voted to secede from Yugoslavia. 1993 - The U.S. government announced that the number of food stamp recipients had reached a record number of 26.6 million. 1994 - Israel released about 500 Arab prisoners in an effort to placate Palestinians over the Hebron massacre. 1995 - The European Parliament rejected legislation that would have allowed biotechnology companies to patent new life forms. 1995 - Yahoo! was incorporated. 1999 - The Angolan Embassy in Lusaka, Zambia, exploded. Four other bombs went off in the capital. 1999 - In Uganda, eight tourists were brutally murdered by Hutu rebels. 2002 - Operation Anaconda began in eastern Afghanistan. Allied forces were fighting against Taliban and Al Quaida fighters. 2003 - In New York, a $250,000 Salvador Dali sketch was stolen from a display case in the lobby at Rikers Island jail. On June 17, 2003, it was announced that four corrections officers had surrendered and pled innocent in connection to the theft. The mixed-media composition was a sketch of the crucifixion. 2003 - In the U.S., approximately 180,000 personnel from 22 different organizations around the government became part of the Department of Homeland Security. This completed the largest government reorganization since the beginning of the Cold War. 2003 - Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was captured by CIA and Pakistani agents near Islamabad. He was the suspected mastermind behind the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001.
1790 The U.S. Congress authorized the first census. 1803 Ohio became the 17th state in the United States. 1864 Rebecca Lee was the first black woman awarded a medical degree. 1867 Nebraska became the 37th state in the United States. 1872 Yellowstone became the world's first National Park. 1932 The 20-month-old son of Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped. 1961 President John F. Kennedy signed a signed an executive order establishing the Peace Corps. 1981 IRA member Bobby Sands began a hunger strike in Maze Prison; he would die 65 days later.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar01.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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