http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 4, 1933: FDR inaugurated
On March 4, 1933, at the height of the Great Depression, Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated as the 32nd president of the United States. In his famous inaugural address, delivered outside the east wing of the U.S. Capitol, Roosevelt outlined his "New Deal"--an expansion of the federal government as an instrument of employment opportunity and welfare--and told Americans that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." Although it was a rainy day in Washington, and gusts of rain blew over Roosevelt as he spoke, he delivered a speech that radiated optimism and competence, and a broad majority of Americans united behind their new president and his radical economic proposals to lead the nation out of the Great Depression.
Born into an upper-class family in Hyde Park, New York, in 1882, Roosevelt was the fifth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, who served as the 26th U.S. president from 1901 to 1909. In 1905, Franklin Roosevelt, who was at the time a student at Columbia University Law School, married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, the niece of Theodore Roosevelt. After three years as a lawyer, he decided to follow his cousin Theodore's lead and sought public office, winning election to the New York State Senate in 1910 as a Democrat. He soon won a reputation as a charismatic politician dedicated to social and economic reform.
Roosevelt supported the progressive New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson in his bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, and after Wilson's election in 1912 Roosevelt was appointed assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy, a post that Theodore Roosevelt once held. In 1920, Roosevelt, who had proved himself a gifted administrator, won the Democratic nomination for vice president on a ticket with James Cox. The Democrats lost in a landslide to Republicans Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, and Roosevelt returned to his law practice and undertook several business ventures.
In 1921, he was stricken with poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. He spent several years recovering from what was at first nearly total paralysis, and his wife, Eleanor, kept his name alive in Democratic circles. He never fully covered and was forced to use braces or a wheelchair to move around for the rest of his life.
In 1924, Roosevelt returned to politics when he nominated New York Governor Alfred E. Smith for the presidency with a rousing speech at the Democratic National Convention. In 1928, he again nominated Smith, and the outgoing New York governor urged Roosevelt to run for his gubernatorial seat. Roosevelt campaigned across the state by automobile and was elected even as the state voted for Republican Herbert Hoover in the presidential election.
As governor, Roosevelt worked for tax relief for farmers and in 1930 won a resounding electoral victory just as the economic recession brought on by the October 1929 stock market crash was turning into a major depression. During his second term, Governor Roosevelt mobilized the state government to play an active role in providing relief and spurring economic recovery. His aggressive approach to the economic crisis, coupled with his obvious political abilities, gave him the Democratic presidential nomination in 1932.
Roosevelt had no trouble defeating President Herbert Hoover, who many blamed for the Depression, and the governor carried all but six states. During the next four months, the economy continued to decline, and when Roosevelt took office on March 4, 1933, most banks were closed, farms were suffering, 13 million workers were unemployed, and industrial production stood at just over half its 1929 level.
Aided by a Democratic Congress, Roosevelt took prompt, decisive action, and most of his New Deal proposals, such as the Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, and creation of the Public Works Administration and Tennessee Valley Authority, were approved within his first 100 days in office. Although criticized by many in the business community, Roosevelt's progressive legislation improved America's economic climate, and in 1936 he easily won reelection.
During his second term, he became increasingly concerned with German and Japanese aggression and so began a long campaign to awaken America from its isolationist slumber. In 1940, with World War II raging in Europe and the Pacific, Roosevelt agreed to run for an unprecedented third term. Reelected by Americans who valued his strong leadership, he proved a highly effective commander in chief after the December 1941 U.S. entrance into the war. Under Roosevelt's guidance, America became, in his own words, the "great arsenal of democracy" and succeeded in shifting the balance of power in World War II firmly in the Allies' favor. In 1944, with the war not yet won, he was reelected to a fourth term.
Three months after his inauguration, while resting at his retreat at Warm Springs, Georgia, Roosevelt died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63. Following a solemn parade of his coffin through the streets of the nation's capital, his body was buried in a family plot in Hyde Park. Millions of Americans mourned the death of the man who led the United States through two of the greatest crises of the 20th century: the Great Depression and World War II. Roosevelt's unparalleled 13 years as president led to the passing of the 22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which limited future presidents to a maximum of two consecutive elected terms in office.
Mar 4, 1913: Woodrow Wilson's first inaugural address
With trouble brewing between the great nations of Europe, Thomas Woodrow Wilson takes office as the 28th president of the United States on this day in 1913, in Washington, D.C.
The Virginia-born son of a Presbyterian minister, Wilson became president of Princeton University in 1902; he resigned the post in 1910 to run successfully for the governorship of New Jersey. Two years later, he won a tight race for the Democratic nomination for president, aided by a split in the Republican Party and the third-party candidacy of former president Theodore Roosevelt. After a vigorous campaign on a reformist platform dubbed New Freedom, Wilson outpolled both Roosevelt and the Republican incumbent, William Howard Taft, though he failed to capture a majority of the popular vote.
At his inauguration ceremony on March 4, 1913, Wilson made clear his vision of the United States and its people as an exemplary moral force: "Nowhere else in the world have noble men and women exhibited in more striking forms the beauty and the energy of sympathy and helpfulness and counsel in their efforts to rectify wrong, alleviate suffering, and set the weak in the way of strength and hope." Wilson s first term as president would be dedicated to pushing through ambitious domestic programs—including the Federal Reserve Act and the creation of the Federal Trade Commission; his second, which began in 1916, would be marked irrevocably by the First World War.
Though Wilson won reelection in 1916 on a platform of strict neutrality, he would soon give himself over completely to his vision of the United States as a powerful moral force that should play an important role in shaping international affairs. German aggression—best exemplified by its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare—provided an impetus for this vision, pushing the president and his country towards entrance into the war. Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917; the U.S. formally entered the war four days later.
Wilson s famous Fourteen Points—presented in a speech to Congress in January 1918?and his plan for an international organization dedicated to regulating conflicts and preserving peace between nations became the basis, after the armistice, for the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. In the face of tough opposition from conservative opponents in Congress, Wilson was unable to push through ratification of either the treaty or the League in his own country, which greatly lessened its efficacy in the post-war era. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920, an exhausted Wilson suffered a stroke soon after that nearly killed him. He left office in 1921 and died three years later.
Mar 4, 1966: John Lennon sparks his first major controversy
In England, no one took much notice of the John Lennon quotation that later set off a media frenzy in America. Chalk it up to a fundamental difference in religious outlook between Britain and America, or to a fundamental difference in sense of humor. Whatever the reason, it was only after the American press got hold of his words some five months later that the John Lennon comment that first appeared in the London Evening Standard on March 4, 1966, erupted into the "Bigger than Jesus" scandal that brought a semi-official end to the giddy phenomenon known as Beatlemania.
In their original context, Lennon's remarks were clearly meant not as a boast, but as a sardonic commentary on the waning importance of religion. "Christianity will go," Lennon said. "It will vanish and shrink....We're more popular than Jesus now." It was only one comment in an interview that covered such wide-ranging topics as gorilla suits and car phones, but it was this comment alone that made its way into the American teenybopper magazine DATEbook several months later, boiled down to the straightforward line, "We're more popular than Jesus."
From there, a handful of Bible Belt disc jockeys took over, declaring Lennon's remarks blasphemous and vowing an "eternal" ban on all Beatles music, past, present and future. "Our fantastic Beatle boycott is still in effect," announced two DJs on WACI Birmingham in August 1966: "Don't forget to take your Beatle records and your Beatle paraphernalia to any one of our 14 pickup points in Birmingham, Alabama, and turn them in this week." The plan in Birmingham, as in various other cities around the South, was to burn the Beatles records turned in by angry listeners. Though it is unclear how many such events really took place, the story of the burnings definitely reached the Beatles. "When they started burning our records...that was a real shock," said John Lennon years later. "I couldn't go away knowing I'd created another little piece of hate in the world. So I apologized."
The apology Lennon offered was not for the message he was trying to convey, but for conveying it in a way that confused its meaning. At a press conference in Chicago, John explained: "I'm not anti-God, anti-Christ or anti-religion. I was not saying we are greater or better. I believe in God, but not as one thing, not as an old man in the sky. I'm sorry I said it, really. I never meant it to be a lousy anti-religious thing. From what I've read, or observed, Christianity just seems to be shrinking, to be losing contact."
Mar 4, 1952: Ernest Hemingway finishes The Old Man and the Sea
Ernest Hemingway completes his short novel The Old Man and the Sea. He wrote his publisher the same day, saying he had finished the book and that it was the best writing he had ever done. The critics agreed: The book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and became one of his bestselling works.
The novella, which was first published in Life magazine, was an allegory referring to the writer's own struggles to preserve his art in the face of fame and attention. Hemingway had become a cult figure whose four marriages and adventurous exploits in big-game hunting and fishing were widely covered in the press. But despite his fame, he had not produced a major literary work in a decade before he wrote The Old Man and the Sea. The book would be his last significant work of fiction before his suicide in 1961.
Hemingway, born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, started working as a reporter for the Kansas City Star in 1917. When World War I broke out, he volunteered as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross and was severely wounded in 1918 on the Austro-Italian front while carrying a companion to safety. He was decorated and sent home to recuperate.
Hemingway married the wealthy Hadley Richardson in 1920, and the couple moved to Paris, where they met other American expatriate writers, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and Ezra Pound. With their help and encouragement, Hemingway published his first book of short stories, in the U.S. in 1925, followed by the well-received The Sun Also Rises in 1926.
During the 1930s and 40s, the hard-drinking Hemingway lived in Key West and then in Cuba while continuing to travel widely. He was wounded in a plane crash in 1953, after which he became increasingly anxious and depressed. Like his father, he committed suicide, shooting himself in 1961 in his home in Idaho.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title
princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
303 - Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
852 - Croatian Duke Trpimir I issued a statute, a document
with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.
932 - Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke
of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.
1152 - Frederik I Barbarossa elected Roman-German king
1215 - King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a
crusader to gain the support of Innocent III.
1238 - The Battle of the Sit River was fought in the
northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol
Hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during
the Mongol invasion of Russia.
1351 - Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.
1386 - Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) was crowned King of
Poland.
1461 - Battle at Towton: Duke Edward of York beats English
queen Margaretha Edward IV recognized as king of England
1461 - Henry VI deposed by Duke of York during War of the
Roses
1492 - King James IV of Scotland concludes an alliance with
France against England.
1570 - King Philip II bans foreign Dutch students
1590 - Mauritius of Nassau's ship reaches Breda
1611 - George Abbot appointed archbishop of Canterbury
1621 - Jacarta, Java renamed Batavia
1665 - English king Charles II declares war on Netherlands
1675 - John Flamsteed appointed 1st Astronomer Royal of England
1681 - King Charles II grants William Penn royal charter for
Penn
King Charles IIKing Charles II 1699 - Jews are expelled from
Lubeck Germany
1741 - English fleet under admiral Ogle reaches Cartagena
1774 - 1st sighting of Orion nebula (William Herschel)
1776 - The American War of Independence: The Americans
capture "Dorchester Heights" dominating the port of Boston,
Massachusetts.
1789 - 1st Congress declares constitution in effect (9
senators, 13 reps)
1790 - France is divided into 83 départements, which cut
across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based
on noble ownership of land.
1791 - 1st Jewish member of US Congress, Israel Jacobs (PA),
takes office
1791 - Pres Washington calls the US Senate into its 1st
special session
1791 - Vermont admitted as 14th state (1st addition to the
13 colonies)
1792 - Oranges introduced to Hawaii
1793 - French troops conquer Geertruidenberg Neth
1793 - Washington's 2nd inauguration, shortest speech (133
words)
1797 - John Adams inaugurated as 2nd president of US
1798 - Catholic women force to do penance for kindling
sabbath fire for Jews
1801 - 1st president inaugurated in Washington DC (Thomas
Jefferson)
US President Thomas JeffersonUS President Thomas Jefferson
1804 - The Battle of Vinegar Hill, colony of New South Wales (Australia), when
Irish convicts (some of whom had been involved in Ireland's Battle of Vinegar
Hill in 1798) led the colony's only significant convict uprising.
1809 - Madison becomes 1st president inaugurated in
American-made clothes
1824 - The "National Institution for the Preservation
of Life from Shipwreck" was founded in the United Kingdom, later to be
renamed The Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1858.
1825 - John Quincy Adams inaugrated as 6th president
1826 - 1st US RR chartered, Granite Railway in Quincy, Mass
1829 - Andrew Jackson inaugurated as 7th US President
1829 - Unruly crowd mobs White House during President
Jackson inaugural ball
1830 - V Bellini's opera "I Capuleti e i Montecchi,"
premieres in Venice
1835 - HMS Beagle moves into Bay of Concepcion
1837 - Martin Van Buren inaugrated as 8th president
1837 - Weekly Advocate changes its name to the Colored
American
1837 - Chicago becomes incorporated as a city.
1841 - Dion Boucicault's "London Assurance,"
premieres in London
1841 - Longest inauguration speech (8,443 words), William
Henry Harrison
1845 - James K Polk inaugrated at 11th president
US President & General Andrew JacksonUS President &
General Andrew Jackson 1848 - Sardinia-Piemonte gets new Constitution
1848 - Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino
that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia
1849 - US had no president, Polks term ends on a Sunday,
Taylor couldn't be sworn-in, Sen David Atchison (pres pro tem) term ended Mar
3rd
1853 - Pope Pius IX recovers Catholic hierarchy in
Netherlands
1853 - William Rufus de Vane King (D) sworn in as 13th US VP
1861 - Confederate States adopt "Stars & Bars"
flag
1861 - Lincoln's inaugurated as 16th pres; 1st time US has 5
former pres
1861 - Pres Lincoln opens government Printing Office
1863 - Battle of Thompson's Station, TN
1863 - Territory of Idaho established
1865 - Confederate congress approves final design of
"official flag"
1865 - President Lincoln inaugurated for his 2nd term as
president
1869 - Ulysses Grant inaugurated as 18th US President
1876 - US Congress decides to impeach Minister of War
Belknap
1877 - Tsjaikovski's incomplete ballet
"Zwanenmeer," premieres in Moscow
US President Ulysses S. GrantUS President Ulysses S. Grant
1880 - NY Daily Graphic publishes 1st half-tone engraving, by S H Horgan
1881 - California becomes 1st state to pass plant quarantine
legislation
1881 - Holmes & Watson begin "A Study in
Scarlet," 1st case together
1881 - James A Garfield inaugurated as 20th president
1881 - South African president Kruger accepts ceasefire
1882 - Britain's first electric trams run in East London.
1883 - John Gordon Cashmans begins "Vicksburg Evening
Post" in Mississippi
1885 - Gilbert & Sullivan's opera "Mikado,"
premieres in London
1885 - Grover Cleveland inaugrated as 1st Democratic pres
since Civil War
1889 - Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 23rd president
1890 - The longest bridge in the Great Britain, the Forth Bridge
(railway) (1,710 ft) in Scotland is opened by the Prince of Wales, who later
became King Edward VII.
1893 - Francis Dhanis' army attacksthe Lualaba, occupies
Nyangwe
1893 - Grover Cleveland (D) inaugrated as 24th US president
(2nd term)
1894 - Great fire in Shanghai; over 1,000 buildings
destroyed
1895 - Gustav Mahler's 2nd Symphony, premieres in Berlin
25th US President William McKinley25th US President William
McKinley 1897 - William McKinley inaugurated as 25th president of US
1899 - Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown,
Queensland, with a 12 m wave that reaches up to 5 km inland - over 300 dead.
1901 - 1st advanced copy of inaugural speech (Jefferson-Natl
Intelligencer)
1901 - President William McKinley inaugurated for 2nd term
as president
1901 - Term of George H White, last of post-Reconstruction
congressmen, ends
1902 - American Automobile Association (AAA) founded in
Chicago
1905 - Gerhart Hauptmann's "Elga," premieres in
Berlin
1908 - Collingwood Ohio, US primary school catches fire (180
killed)
1909 - President Taft inaugrated at 27th president during
10" snowstorm
1909 - US prohibits interstate transportation of game birds
1911 - Victor Berger (Wisc) becomes 1st socialist congressman
in US
1913 - 1st US law regulating the shooting of migratory birds
passed
1913 - Dept of Commerce & Labor split into separate
departments
1913 - Gabriel Faure's opera "Penelope," premieres
in Monte Carlo
1913 - NY Yankees are 1st to train outside US (Bermuda)
US President Woodrow WilsonUS President Woodrow Wilson 1913
- Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th president
1918 - Terek Autonomous Republic established in RSFSR (until
1921)
1920 - Last day of Julian civil calendar in Greece
1921 - Hot Springs National Park created in Arkansas
1923 - Lenin's last article in Pravda (about Red
bureaucracy)
1924 - "Happy Birthday To You" published by
Claydon Sunny
1925 - Pres Coolidge's inauguration broadcast live on 21
radio stations
1925 - Swain's Island (near American Samoa) annexed by US
1926 - De Geer government in Netherlands takes office
1928 - "Bunion Run" race from LA to NYC begins; It
is won by Andy Payne
1929 - Charles Curtis (R-Kansas) becomes 1st native American
VP
1929 - Herbert Hoover inaugurated as 31st US President
1930 - Coolidge Dam in Arizona dedicated
1930 - Emma Fahning bowls 1st sanctioned 300 game by a woman
1930 - Terrible floods ransack Languedoc and the surrounds
in south-west France, resulting in twelve departments being submerged by water and
causing the death of over 700 people.
31st US President Herbert Hoover31st US President Herbert
Hoover 1931 - Bradman bowled by Herman Griffith for a duck as W I win the Test
1931 - West Indies beat Australia for the 1st time, by 30
runs at SCG
1933 - Chancellor Dollfuss disdolves Austrian parliament
1933 - Frances Perkins becomes sec of labor, 1st US woman
cabinet member
1933 - Henderson, DeSylva & Brown's "Strike Me
Pink" premieres in NYC
1933 - Noordwijk soccer team forms
1933 - FDR inaugrated as 32nd pres, pledges to pull US out
of Depression & says "We have nothing to fear but fear itself"
1933 - Bertha Wilson is appointed as first woman to sit on
the Supreme Court of Canada.
1934 - Easter Cross on Mt Davidson (SF) dedicated
1936 - 1st flight of airship Hindenburg, Germany
1941 - 18 Geuzen resistance fighters sentenced to death in
The Hague
1941 - NHL Chicago goalie Samuel LoPresti stops record 80 of
83 Boston shots
1941 - Serbian Prince Paul visits Hitler
1941 - The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the
Lofoten Islands, during World War II.
1943 - Transport nr 50 departs with French Jews to
Maidanek/Sobibor
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1944 - 1st US bombing of Berlin
1944 - Anti-Germany strikes in North Italy
1945 - Finland declares war on nazi-Germany
1945 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Elizabeth, later
Queen Elizabeth II, joins the British Army as a driver.
1947 - WWJ (now WDIV) TV channel 4 in Detroit, MI (NBC)
begins broadcasting
1949 - Andrei Vishinsky succeeds Molotov as Soviet Foreign
minister
1949 - Piet Van de Pol (Neth) becomes world champion
billiard player
1949 - Security Council of UN recommends membership for
Israel
1954 - JE Wilkins, appointed 1st Black US sub-cabinet member
1954 - Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts,
announces the first successful kidney transplant.
1955 - 1st radio facsimile transmission sent across the
continent
1957 - The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing
the S&P 90.
1959 - US Pioneer IV misses Moon & becomes 2nd (US 1st)
artificial planet
1960 - French freighter "La Coubre" explodes in
Havana Cuba, killing 100
1961 - Paul-Henri Spaak resigns as sec-gen of NATO
Queen of the United Kingdom Elizabeth IIQueen of the United
Kingdom Elizabeth II 1962 - AEC announces 1st atomic power plant in Antarctica
in operation
1964 - Jimmy Hoffa convicted of jury tampering
1965 - David Attenbrough became the new controller of BBC2
1966 - Canadian Pacific airliner explodes on landing at
Tokyo, 64 die
1966 - John Lennon, says "We (Beatles) are more popular
than Jesus"
1966 - North Sea Gas was 1st pumped ashore by BP
1967 - Ice Dance Championship at Vienna won by Towler &
Ford (GRB)
1967 - Ice Pairs Championship at Vienna won by Belousova
& Protopopov (USSR)
1967 - Men's Fig Skating Championship in Vienna won by
Emmerich Danzer (AUT)
1967 - Worlds Ladies Fig Skating Champion in Vienna won by
Peggy Fleming (US)
1968 - Joe Frazier TKOs Buster Mathis in 11 for heavyweight
boxing title
1968 - Martin Luther King Jr announces plans for Poor
People's Campaign
1968 - Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 launched
1970 - French submarine "Eurydice" explodes
1970 - Jacksonville is 1st college basketball team to avg
100+ pts per game
Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King
Jr.Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King Jr. 1970 - NY Rangers
set then NHL record of 126 games without being shut-out
1971 - "City Command" kidnaps 4 US military men at
Ankara, Turkey
1972 - Erhard Keller (Germany) skates world record 1000m
(1:18.5)
1972 - Last train run between Penrith to Keswick UK
1972 - Libya & USSR signs cooperation treaty
1973 - 15th Grammy Awards: 1st Time Ever I Saw Your Face,
America
1974 - David Hares' "Knuckle," premieres in London
1974 - Harold Wilson replaces resigning Ed Heath as British
premier
1976 - John Pezzin bowls 33 consecutive strikes at Toledo,
Ohio
1976 - SF Giants are bought for $8 million by Bob Lurie
& Bud Herseth
1977 - 1st CRAY 1 supercomputer shipped, to Los Alamos
Laboratories, NM
1977 - Colin Croft takes 8-29 against Pakistan at
Port-of-Spain
1977 - Earthquake in Romania, kills 1,541
1978 - Chicago Daily News, founded in 1875, publishes last
issue
1979 - "Grand Tour" closes at Palace Theater NYC
after 61 performances
1979 - 200th episode of "All in the Family"
1979 - Sally Little wins LPGA Bent Tree Golf Classic
1979 - US Voyager I photo reveals Jupiter's rings
1980 - 40th hat trick in Islander history-Mike Bossy
Zimbabwean President Robert MugabeZimbabwean President
Robert Mugabe 1980 - Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF wins parliamentary election in
Zimbabwe
1982 - 2nd double hat trick in Islander history-Bossy &
D Potvin
1982 - NASA launches Intelsat V satellite, no. 504
1984 - Nancy Lopez wins Uniden LPGA Golf Invitational
1984 - Pee Wee Reese & Rick Ferrell elected to
Baseball's Hall of Fame
1985 - STS 51-E vehicle rolls back to Vandenberg AFB;
mission cancelled
1985 - Virtual ban on leaded gas ordered by EPA
1985 - War veterans returned to the "Bridge over the
River Kwai"
1986 - Border completes twin Test tons (140 & 114*) v NZ
1989 - Eastern Airlines machinists strike
1989 - Javier Sotomayor high jumps indoor world record
(2.43m)
1990 - 20th Easter Seal Telethon
1990 - Beth Daniel wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open
1990 - US 65th manned space mission STS 36 (Atlantis 6)
returns from space
1991 - Bank of Credit & Commerce Intl divests itself of
1st American Bank
1991 - Iraq releases 6 US, 3 British & 1 Italian POW
1993 - "Goodbye Girl" opens at Marquis Theater NYC
for 188 performances
1993 - Katharine Hepburn enters the hospital suffering from
exhaustion
1994 - 4 Arab terrorist founded guilty of bombing the World
Trade Center
1994 - Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16), launches into
orbit
1995 - 1st NYC Mayor Trophy's High school track meet in 19
years
1995 - Blind teenage boy receives a 'Bionic Eye' at a
Washington Hospital
Boxing Champ George ForemanBoxing Champ George Foreman 1995
- George Foreman loses WBA boxing title, refusing to fight Tony Tucker
1995 - Michael Johnson runs world record 400m indoor (44.63
sec)
1995 - Replacement NY Yankees beat NY Mets 2-1
1997 - Brazil Senate allows women to wear slacks
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp directly above the Sun (1.04 AU)
1997 - President Clinton bans federally funded human cloning
research
1997 - Zeya Start-1 launched (Russia)
1998 - Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services:
The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job
sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
2001 - 4 March 2001 BBC bombing: a massive car bomb explodes
in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring 11 people.
The attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
2001 - Hintze Ribeiro disaster, a bridge collapses in
northern Portugal, killing up to 70 people.
2002 - Canada bans human embryo cloning but permits
government-funded scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatment
or abortions.
2002 - Multinational Force in Afghanistan: Seven American
Special Operations Forces soldiers are killed as they attempt to infiltrate the
Shahi Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
2005 - The car of released Italian hostage Giuliana Sgrena
is fired on by US soldiers in Iraq, causing the death of an Italian Secret
Service Agent and injuring two passengers.
2005 - United Nations warns that about 90 million Africans
could be infected by the HIV virus in the future without further action against
the spread of the disease.
2006 - Final contact attempt with Pioneer 10 by the Deep
Space Network. No response was received.
2007 - Estonian parliamentary election, 2007: Approximately
30,000 voters take advantage of electronic voting in Estonia, the world's first
nationwide voting where part of the votecasting is allowed in the form of
remote electronic voting via the Internet.
2009 - The International Criminal Court (ICC) issues an
arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes
against humanity in Darfur. Al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state to be
indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.
2012 - Munitions dump explosions kill at least 250 people in
the Republic of Congo
2012 - Vladimir Putin wins Russian presidential election
amid allegations of voter fraud
2012 - Over 10,000 illegal Peruvian gold miners clash with
police to gain control of Puerto Maldonado
2013 - 40 Syrian soldiers are killed in an ambush in Western
Iraq
2013 - 11 children are killed after a bus collides a truck
in the Jalandhar district, India
2013 - The Papal Conclave begins to select the successor of
Pope Benedict XVI
1634 - Samuel Cole opened the first tavern in Boston, MA. 1681 - England's King Charles II granted a charter to William Penn for an area that later became the state of Pennsylvania. 1766 - The British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, which had caused bitter and violent opposition in the U.S. colonies. 1778 - The Continental Congress voted to ratify the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance. The two treaties were the first entered into by the U.S. government. 1789 - The first Congress of the United States met in New York and declared that the U.S. Constitution was in effect. 1791 - Vermont was admitted as the 14th U.S. state. It was the first addition to the original 13 American colonies. 1794 - The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Amendment limited the jurisdiction of the federal courts to automatically hear cases brought against a state by the citizens of another state. Later interpretations expanded this to include citizens of the state being sued, as well. 1813 - The Russians fighting against Napoleon reached Berlin. The French garrison evacuated the city without a fight. 1826 - The first railroad in the U.S. was chartered. It was the Granite Railway in Quincy, MA. 1837 - The state of Illinois granted a city charter to Chicago. 1861 - The Confederate States of America adopted the "Stars and Bars" flag. 1877 - Emile Berliner invented the microphone. 1880 - Halftone engraving was used for the first time when the "Daily Graphic" was published in New York City. 1881 - Eliza Ballou Garfield became the first mother of a U.S. President to live in the executive mansion. 1902 - The American Automobile Association was founded in Chicago. 1904 - In Korea, Russian troops retreated toward the Manchurian border as 100,000 Japanese troops advanced. 1908 - The New York board of education banned the act of whipping students in school. 1908 - France notified signatories of Algeciras that it would send troops to Chaouia, Morocco. 1914 - Doctor Fillatre successfully separated Siamese twins. 1917 - Jeanette Rankin of Montana took her seat as the first woman elected to the House of Representatives. 1925 - Calvin Coolidge took the oath of office in Washington, DC. The presidential inauguration was broadcast on radio for the first time. 1930 - Emma Fahning became the first woman bowler to bowl a perfect game in competition run by the Women’s International Bowling Congress in Buffalo, NY. 1933 - U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt gave his inauguration speech in which he said "We have nothing to fear, but fear itself." 1933 - Labor Secretary Frances Perkins became the first woman to serve in a Presidential administrative cabinet. 1942 - "Junior Miss" starring Shirley Temple aired on CBS radio for the first time. 1942 - The Stage Door Canteen opened on West 44th Street in New York City. 1947 - France and Britain signed an alliance treaty. 1950 - Walt Disney’s "Cinderella" was released across the U.S. Disney movies, music and books 1952 - U.S. President Harry Truman dedicated the "Courier," the first seagoing radio broadcasting station. 1952 - Ronald Reagan and Nancy Davis were married. 1954 - In Boston, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital reported the first successful kidney transplant. 1974 - "People" magazine was available for the first time. 1975 - Queen Elizabeth knighted Charlie Chaplin. 1986 - "Today" debuted in London as England’s newest, national, daily newspaper. 1989 - Time, Inc. and Warner Communications Inc. announced a plan to merge. 1991 - Sheik Saad al-Jaber al-Sabah, the prime minister of Kuwait, returned to his country for the first time since Iraq's invasion. 1994 - Bosnia's Croats and Moslems signed an agreement to form a federation in a loose economic union with Croatia. 1997 - U.S. President Clinton barred federal spending on human cloning. 1998 - Microsoft repaired software that apparently allowed hackers to shut down computers in government and university offices nationwide. 1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court said that federal law banned on-the-job sexual harassment even when both parties are the same sex. 1999 - Monica Lewinsky's book about her affair with U.S. President Clinton went on sale in the U.S. 2002 - Canada banned human embryo cloning but permitted government-funded scientists to use embryos left over from fertility treatment or abortions.
1789 The Constitution of the United States went into effect. 1791 Vermont became the 14th state in the United States. 1861 Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as president. 1917 Jeannette Rankin took her seat as the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. 1933 Frances Perkins, appointed Secretary of Labor, became first woman to serve in the Cabinet. 1994 Four Muslim fundamentalists were found guilty in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York. 1999 Retired Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun died in Arlington, Va., at age 90.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar04.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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