http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 3, 1887: Helen Keller meets her miracle worker
On this day in 1887, Anne Sullivan begins teaching six-year-old Helen Keller, who lost her sight and hearing after a severe illness at the age of 19 months. Under Sullivan's tutelage, including her pioneering "touch teaching" techniques, the previously uncontrollable Keller flourished, eventually graduating from college and becoming an international lecturer and activist. Sullivan, later dubbed "the miracle worker," remained Keller's interpreter and constant companion until the older woman's death in 1936.
Sullivan, born in Massachusetts in 1866, had firsthand experience with being handicapped: As a child, an infection impaired her vision. She then attended the Perkins Institution for the Blind where she learned the manual alphabet in order to communicate with a classmate who was deaf and blind. Eventually, Sullivan had several operations that improved her weakened eyesight.
Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, to Arthur Keller, a former Confederate army officer and newspaper publisher, and his wife Kate, of Tuscumbia, Alabama. As a baby, a brief illness, possibly scarlet fever, left Helen unable to see, hear or speak. She was considered a bright but spoiled and strong-willed child. Her parents eventually sought the advice of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone and an authority on the deaf. He suggested the Kellers contact the Perkins Institution, which in turn recommended Anne Sullivan as a teacher.
Sullivan, age 20, arrived at Ivy Green, the Keller family estate, in 1887 and began working to socialize her wild, stubborn student and teach her by spelling out words in Keller's hand. Initially, the finger spelling meant nothing to Keller. However, a breakthrough occurred one day when Sullivan held one of Keller's hands under water from a pump and spelled out "w-a-t-e-r" in Keller's palm. Keller went on to learn how to read, write and speak. With Sullivan's assistance, Keller attended Radcliffe College and graduated with honors in 1904.
Helen Keller became a public speaker and author; her first book, "The Story of My Life" was published in 1902. She was also a fundraiser for the American Foundation for the Blind and an advocate for racial and sexual equality, as well as socialism. From 1920 to 1924, Sullivan and Keller even formed a vaudeville act to educate the public and earn money. Helen Keller died on June 1, 1968, at her home in Westport, Connecticut, at age 87, leaving her mark on the world by helping to alter perceptions about the disabled.
Mar 3, 1918: Russia makes a separate peace
Bolshevik Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, abandoning the Allied war effort and granting independence to its Polish and Baltic territories, the Ukraine, and Finland.
Russia's disastrous involvement in World War I was a primary factor that led to Vladimir Lenin's successful Marxist revolution in November 1917. In December 1917, Germany agreed to an armistice and peace talks with Russia, and Lenin sent Leon Trotsky to Brest-Litovsk in Belarus to negotiate a treaty. The talks broke off after Germany demanded independence for Russian holdings in Eastern Europe, and in February 1918 fighting resumed on the eastern front. With German troops advancing on St. Petersburg, Lenin authorized the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918.
German leaders hoped that the formerly Russian territories would fall under their sway, but in November 1918 an armistice ended World War I, dooming Germany to demilitarization and Allied domination. In 1919, Soviet Russia regained the Ukraine in the Russian Civil War and in 1939 seized parts of Poland, and in 1940 the Baltics, following the signing of the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact.
Mar 3, 1945: Finland declares war on Germany
On this day, Finland, under increasing pressure from both the United States and the Soviet Union, finally declares war on its former partner, Germany.
After the German invasion of Poland, the USSR, wanting to protect Leningrad more than ever from encroachment by the West—even its dubious Nonaggression Pact partner Germany—began demanding control of various disputed areas from Finland, including part of the Karelian Isthmus (the land bridge that gave access to Leningrad). Finland resisted the Soviet pressure. Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin responded by enacting the "small print" of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Nonaggression Pact the USSR had signed with Germany back in August, which gave the USSR free reign in its "sphere of influence." The Soviets invaded Finland on November 30, 1939. (Stalin claimed that Finnish troops opened fire on Soviet troops.)
The Finns stunned everyone by beating back the initial Soviet offensive. Although their resistance consisted of only small numbers of trained soldiers (on skis and bicycles!) the refusal to submit made headlines around the world. President Roosevelt quickly extended $10 million in credit to Finland, while also noting that the Finns were the only people to pay back their World War I war debt to the United States in full. But by the time the Soviets had a chance to regroup and send in massive reinforcements, the Finnish resistance was spent. In March 1940, negotiations with the Soviets began, and Finland signed the Treaty of Moscow, which handed over control of the Karelian Isthmus.
As tension increased between Germany and the USSR, Finland saw in Hitler a possible ally in gaining back its lost territory. German troops were allowed on Finnish soil as the Germans prepared for their invasion of the Soviet Union—a war that the Finns joined. Although Finnish troops captured large areas of East Karelia back from the Soviet Union, they were reluctant to trespass the old borders of 1939 and help Germany in the siege of Leningrad.
But repeated German setbacks resulted in putting the Soviet Union on the offensive again. Shortly after the Red Army broke through to the Karelian Isthmus in June 1944, the Finnish president, Risto Ryti, resigned. (Around this same time, the United States broke off relations with Finland after repeated demands that Ryti renounce his alliance with Germany were rebuffed.) Ryti's successor, Gustaf Mannerheim, immediately sued for an armistice with the Soviet Union. This was signed on September 19, 1944; Finland agreed to the terms of the 1940 Treaty of Moscow and to throw all German troops off Finnish soil. The final act of capitulation came on March 3, 1945, with a formal declaration of war against the already dying Germany.
Mar 3, 1820: Congress passes the Missouri Compromise
After months of bitter debate, Congress passes the Missouri Compromise, a bill that temporarily resolves the first serious political clash between slavery and antislavery interests in U.S. history.
In February 1819, Representative James Tallmadge of New York introduced a bill that would admit Missouri into the Union as a state where slavery was prohibited. At the time, there were 11 free states and 10 slave states. Southern congressmen feared that the entrance of Missouri as a free state would upset the balance of power between North and South, as the North far outdistanced the South in population, and thus, U.S. representatives. Opponents to the bill also questioned the congressional precedent of prohibiting the expansion of slavery into a territory where slave status was favored.
Even after Alabama was granted statehood in December 1819 with no prohibition on its practice of slavery, Congress remained deadlocked on the issue of Missouri. Finally, a compromise was reached. On March 3, 1820, Congress passed a bill granting Missouri statehood as a slave state under the condition that slavery was to be forever prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36th parallel, which runs approximately along the southern border of Missouri. In addition, Maine, formerly part of Massachusetts, was admitted as a free state, thus preserving the balance between Northern and Southern senators.
The Missouri Compromise, although criticized by many on both sides of the slavery debate, succeeded in keeping the Union together for more than 30 years. In 1854, it was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which dictated that slave or free status was to be decided by popular vote in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska; though both were north of the 36th parallel.
Mar 3, 1991: Police brutality caught on video
At 12:45 a.m. on March 3, 1991, robbery parolee Rodney G. King stops his car after leading police on a nearly 8-mile pursuit through the streets of Los Angeles, California. The chase began after King, who was intoxicated, was caught speeding on a freeway by a California Highway Patrol cruiser but refused to pull over. Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) cruisers and a police helicopter joined the pursuit, and when King was finally stopped by Hansen Dam Park, several police cars descended on his white Hyundai.
A group of LAPD officers led by Sergeant Stacey Koon ordered King and the other two occupants of the car to exit the vehicle and lie flat on the ground. King's two friends complied, but King himself was slower to respond, getting on his hands and knees rather than lying flat. Officers Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind, Ted Briseno, and Roland Solano tried to force King down, but he resisted, and the officers stepped back and shot King twice with an electric stun gun known as a Taser, which fires darts carrying a charge of 50,000 volts.
At this moment, civilian George Holliday, standing on a balcony in an apartment complex across the street, focused the lens of his new video camera on the commotion unfolding by Hansen Dam Park. In the first few seconds of what would become a very famous 89-second video, King is seen rising after the Taser shots and running in the direction of Officer Powell. The officers alleged that King was charging Powell, while King himself later claimed that an officer told him, "We're going to kill you, nigger. Run!" and he tried to flee. All the arresting officers were white, along with all but one of the other two dozen or so law enforcement officers present at the scene. With the roar of a helicopter above, very few commands or remarks are audible in the video.
With King running in his direction, Powell swung his baton, hitting him on the side of the head and knocking him to the ground. This action was captured by the video, but the next 10 seconds were blurry as Holliday shifted the camera. From the 18- to 30-second mark in the video, King attempted to rise, and Powell and Wind attacked him with a torrent of baton blows that prevented him from doing so. From the 35- to 51-second mark, Powell administered repeated baton blows to King's lower body. At 55 seconds, Powell struck King on the chest, and King rolled over and lay prone. At that point, the officers stepped back and observed King for about 10 seconds. Powell began to reach for his handcuffs.
At 65 seconds on the video, Officer Briseno stepped roughly on King's upper back or neck, and King's body writhed in response. Two seconds later, Powell and Wind again began to strike King with a series of baton blows, and Wind kicked him in the neck six times until 86 seconds into the video. At about 89 seconds, King put his hands behind his back and was handcuffed.
Sergeant Koon never made an effort to stop the beating, and only one of the many officers present briefly intervened, raising his left arm in front of a baton-swinging colleague in the opening moments of the videotape, to no discernible effect. An ambulance was called, and King was taken to the hospital. Struck as many as 56 times with the batons, he suffered a fractured leg, multiple facial fractures, and numerous bruises and contusions. Unaware that the arrest was videotaped, the officers downplayed the level of violence used to arrest King and filed official reports in which they claimed he suffered only cuts and bruises "of a minor nature."
George Holliday sold his video of the beating to the local television station, KTLA, which broadcast the footage and sold it to the national Cable News Network (CNN). The widely broadcast video caused outrage around the country and triggered a national debate on police brutality. Rodney King was released without charges, and on March 15 Sergeant Koon and officers Powell, Wind, and Briseno were indicted by a Los Angeles grand jury in connection with the beating. All four were charged with assault with a deadly weapon and excessive use of force by a police officer. Though Koon did not actively participate in the beating, as the commanding officer he was charged with aiding and abetting it. Powell and Koon were also charged with filing false reports.
Because of the uproar in Los Angeles surrounding the incident, the judge, Stanley Weisberg, was persuaded to move the trial outside Los Angeles County to Simi Valley in Ventura County. On April 29, 1992, the 12-person jury, which included 10 whites and no African Americans, issued its verdicts: not guilty on all counts, except for one assault charge against Powell that ended in a hung jury. The acquittals touched off rioting and looting in Los Angeles that grew into the most destructive U.S. civil disturbance of the 20th century. In three days of violence, more than 50 people were killed, more than 2,000 were injured, and nearly $1 billion in property was destroyed. On May 1, President George H.W. Bush ordered military troops and riot-trained federal officers to Los Angeles to quell the riot.
Under federal law, the officers could also be prosecuted for violating Rodney King's constitutional rights, and on April 17, 1993, a federal jury convicted Koon and Powell for violating King's rights by their unreasonable use of force under color of law. Although Wind and Briseno were acquitted, most civil rights advocates considered the mixed verdict a victory. On August 4, Koon and Powell were sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison for the beating of King. King received $3.8 million in a civil suit against the Los Angeles police department.
Mar 3, 1875: First indoor game of ice hockey
On March 3, 1875, indoor ice hockey makes its public debut in Montreal, Quebec. After weeks of training at the Victoria Skating Rink with his friends, Montreal resident James Creighton advertised in the March 3 edition of the Montreal Gazette that "A game of hockey will be played in the Victoria Skating Rink this evening between two nines chosen from among the members." Prior to the move indoors, ice hockey was a casual outdoor game, with no set dimensions for the ice and no rules regarding the number of players per side. The Victoria Skating Rink was snug, so Creighton limited the teams to nine players each.
Hockey, traditionally played on grass with a stick and a ball, has its roots in ancient Greece, Egypt and Persia. In this form, the game spread north to Europe and then west to the Americas, and is still popular in the Southern Hemisphere as well as in North America, where it is called field hockey. North America's indigenous people were playing games with a stick and ball long before the French and English crossed the Atlantic. Cherokee, Ojibwe and Mohawk tribes all had different names for what the French branded "lacrosse," as did the Iroquois native to Quebec. Meanwhile, ice skating was popularized by skating on sharpened animal shinbones in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and games played on ice included a Dutch version of golf and an on-ice version of hurling, an Irish stick-and-ball game.
Ice hockey was initially thought too dangerous a game to play, as the ball was difficult to control on the ice. For the 1875 Montreal game, the ball was replaced with a wooden disc, now known as a puck. The disc was less likely to fly off the ice, and was less dangerous to both players and spectators. Creighton also instituted an early off-sides rule, mandating that there be no forward passing ahead of the player with the puck. The Montreal Gazette reported the next day that the first ice hockey game at Victoria Skating Rink attracted 40 spectators. Ice hockey then caught fire in Montreal, and in 1877 Creighton published rules to the game, known as Montreal Rules. Canada's now legendary national passion for ice hockey was ignited, and the new sport began to spread across the country.
Years later, in 1994, bill C-212, making ice hockey the official winter sport of Canada, was made law by Canada's parliament. Lacrosse—which had been Canada's national sport since 1859—remained the country's official summer game.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
78 - Origin of Saka Era (India)
468 - St Simplicius elected to succeed Catholic Pope
Hilarius
493 - Ostrogoten King Theodorik the Great beats Odoaker
1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of
Wales into England
1409 - Austrian civil war ends
1431 - Bishop Gabriele Condulmer elected as Pope Eugene IV
1575 - Indian Mughal Emperor Akbar defeats Bengali army at
the Battle of Tukaroi.
1585 - The Olympic Theatre, designed by Andrea Palladio, is
inaugurated in Vicenza.
1627 - Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil
1634 - 1st tavern in Boston opens (Samuel Cole)
1638 - Duke Bernard van Saksen-Weimar occupies Rheinfelden
1746 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Castle of Inverness
1776 - US commodore Esek Hopkins occupies Nassau Bahamas
1791 - 1st internal revenue act (taxing distilled spirits
& carriages)
1791 - Congress establishes US Mint
1794 - 1st performance of Joseph Haydn's 101st Symphony in D
1794 - Richard Allen founded AME Church
1801 - 1st US Jewish governor, David Emanuel, takes office
in Georgia
1803 - 1st impeachment trial of a federal judge, John
Pickering, begins
Mughal Emperor AkbarMughal Emperor Akbar 1803 - Colégio
Militar is founded in Portugal by Colonel Teixeira Rebello.
1805 - Louisiana-Missouri Territory forms
1812 - US passes 1st foreign aid bill (aids Venezuela
earthquake vicitims)
1813 - Office of surgeon general of the US army forms
1815 - US declares war on Algiers for taking US prisoners
& demanding tribute
1817 - Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama
Territory & Mississippi
1820 - Missouri Compromise passes, allowing slavery in
Missouri
1835 - Congress authorizes a US mint at New Orleans
Louisiana
1837 - Congress increases Supreme Court membership from 7 to
9
1837 - US President Andrew Jackson & Congress recognizes
Republic of Texas
1838 - Rebellion at Pelee Island, Ontario Canada
1842 - 1st US child labor law regulating working hours
passed (Mass)
1842 - 1st performance of Felix Mendelssohn's 3rd
"Scottish" Symphony
1843 - Congress appropriates $30,000 "to test the
practicability of establishing a system of electro-magnetic telegraphs" by
the US
1845 - 1st time, US Senate overrides presidential (Tyler)
veto
US President & General Andrew JacksonUS President &
General Andrew Jackson 1845 - Congress authorizes ocean mail contracts for
foreign mail delivery
1845 - Florida becomes 27th state
1847 - Post Office Department authorized to issue postage
stamps
1849 - Gold Coinage Act authorizes $20 Double Eagle gold
coin
1849 - Home Dept (Interior Dept), forms
1849 - Territory of Minnesota organizes
1849 - US Department of the Interior established by Congress
1851 - Congress authorizes smallest US silver coin (3 cent
piece)
1853 - Transcontinental railroad survey is authorized by
Congress
1853 - US Assay Office in NYC authorized
1855 - Congress approves $30,000 to test camels for military
use
1855 - Congress authorizes registered mail
1857 - Second Opium War: France and the United Kingdom
declare war on China.
1861 - Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation
Manifesto, freeing serfs [OS=Feb 19].
1862 - Union forces under General Pope lay siege to New
Madrid, Missouri (US Civil War)
1863 - Congress authorizes track width of 4'8½" for
Union Pacific Railroad
1863 - 1st US wartime military conscription bill enacted
US President Abraham LincolnUS President Abraham Lincoln
1863 - Abraham Lincoln approves charter for National Academy of Sciences
1863 - Congress authorizes a US mint at Carson City, Nevada
1863 - Federal ironclad ships bomb Fort McAllister Georgia
1863 - Free city delivery replaces zone postage; 449 letter
carriers hired
1863 - Gold certificates (currency) authorized by Congress
1863 - Idaho Territory forms
1865 - Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands
established by Abraham Lincoln to help destitute free blacks
1865 - Opening of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group.
1869 - University of South Carolina opens to all races
1871 - Congress changes Indian tribes status from
independent to dependent
1871 - Congress establishes the civil service system
1873 - Congress authorizes federal departmental postage
stamps
1873 - US Congress & government raise own salary,
retroactively
1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock
Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious"
books through the mail.
1875 - 1st recorded hockey game (Montreal)
1875 - Congress authorizes 20 cent coin, lasts only 3 years
Composer Georges BizetComposer Georges Bizet 1875 - Georges
Bizet's opera "Carmen" premieres (Paris)
1877 - Rutherford B Hayes is sworn in as the 19th president
1878 - Bulgaria liberated from Turkey (Peace of San Stefano)
1879 - 1st female lawyer heard by Supreme Court (Belva Ann
Bennett Lockwood)
1879 - US Geological Survey director authorized in Dept of
the Interior
1882 - NY Steam Corp begins distributing steam to Manhattan
buildings
1883 - Congress authorizes the 1st steel vessels in US navy
1885 - 1st US state (California) establishes a permanent
forest commission
1885 - American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T)
incorporates
1885 - Congress passes Indian Appropriations Act (Indians
wards of fed government)
1885 - US Post Office offers special delivery for 1st-class
mail
1887 - American Protective Association forms (anti-Catholic)
in Clinton Iowa
1887 - Anne Sullivan begins teaching 6 year old blind-deaf
Helen Keller
1891 - Congress creates US Courts of Appeal
1891 - Congress creates Office of Superintendent of
Immigration (Treasury Dept)
Author Helen KellerAuthor Helen Keller 1891 - The Penalty
Spot Kick rule in Association Football is conceived, but does not come into
effect until the next season.
1892 - 1st cattle tuberculosis test in US made, Villa Nova,
Penn
1893 - Columbian Isabella silver quarter authorized
1893 - Congress authorizes 1st federal road agency, in Dept
of Agriculture
1894 - 1st Greek-language publication in US begins, "NY
Atlantis"
1894 - 4th & last British government of Gladstone
resigns
1899 - Congress authorizes Lafayette silver dollar
1899 - George Dewey becomes 1st in US with rank of Admiral
of the Navy
1900 - US Steel Corporation organizes
1901 - Congress creates National Bureau of Standards, in
Dept of Commerce
1903 - North Carolina becomes 1st state requiring
registration of nurses
1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person
to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's
cylinder.
1905 - US Forest Service forms
1906 - Vuia I aircraft built by Romanian Traja Vuia tested
in France
1909 - Stanley Cup: Ottawa Senators beat Montreal Wanderers,
8-3
1910 - Rockefeller Foundation: J.D. Rockefeller Jr.
announces his retirement from managing his businesses so that he could devote
full time to being a philanthropist.
1911 - 1st US federal cemetery with Union & Rebel graves
opens, Missouri
1913 - Ida B Wells-Barnett demonstrates for female suffrage
in Washington DC
1915 - Natl Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NASA
forerunner) created
1915 - NACA, the predecessor of NASA founded.
1917 - Congress passes 1st excess profits tax on
corporations
1917 - Great monarch Michael resigns after 1 day as czar
1918 - Richard Goering's "Seeschlacht," premieres
in Berlin
1918 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Germany, Austria &
Russia sign
1919 - 1st international air mail service from US,
Seattle-Victoria, BC
1919 - Communist Party in Germany announces a general strike
1920 - Montreal Canadiens scores NHL record 16 goals beating
Quebec Bulldogs
1921 - Toronto's Dr Banting & Dr Best announce discovery
of insulin
1922 - Italian fascists occupy Fiume & Rijeka
1922 - WWJ-AM in Detroit MI begins radio transmissions
1923 - Time magazine publishes 1st issue featuring Joseph G.
Cannon (Speaker of US House of Representatives)
1923 - US Senate rejects membership in Intl Court of
Justice, The Hague
1924 - German & Turkish friendship/trade treaty signed
1924 - Sean O'Casey's "Juno & the Paycock,"
premieres in Dublin
1926 - International Greyhound Racing Association formed
(Miami, Fla)
1931 - "Star Spangled Banner" officially becomes
US national anthem
1931 - Cab Calloway records "Minnie Moocher"
(Jazz's 1st million seller)
1933 - German presidential candidate Earnest Thalmann (KPD)
arrested
1933 - Mount Rushmore dedicated
1933 - NYC premiere of "King Kong"
1934 - John Dillinger breaks out of jail using a wooden
pistol
1935 - Dutch Revolutionary Socialist Worker's party (RSAP),
forms
1936 - Grimmett ends his Test career with 13 wkts in 5th
Test v South Africa
1937 - Australia snatch series against England 3-2 after
being 2-0 down
1938 - American Bowling Congress' largest tournament (24,765
competitors)
Pacifist and Spiritual Leader Mahatma GandhiPacifist and
Spiritual Leader Mahatma Gandhi 1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to
fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
1940 - Artie Shaw records "Frenesi" on RCA Victor
label
1941 - Neth NSB-leader Mussert visits Hermann Goering in
Berlin
1942 - 1st combat flight for Canada's British-built Avro
Lancaster military plane
1943 - Bomb fleeing crowd falls into London shelter; 173 die
1943 - F Ryerson & Cohn Claues' "Harriet,"
premieres in NYC
1943 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea during WWII: Australian
and American airforces devastate Japanese navy convoy
1944 - 1st performance of corporal Samuel Barber's 2nd
Symphony
1945 - Churchill visits Montgomery's headquarter
1945 - RAF bombing error hits The Hague killing 511
1945 - Roermond/Venlo Neth, freed
1945 - US & Philippine forces recaptures Corregidor
1945 - US 7th Army occupies last part of Westwall
1946 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Gretchen
Merrill
1946 - US Mens Figure Skating championship won by Richard
Button
Nazi Politician Hermann GoeringNazi Politician Hermann
Goering 1950 - 3 months as National-American Football League takes back NFL
name
1951 - Bill Mikvy (Temple) scores NCAA basketball record 73
pts
1952 - Puerto Rico approves their 1st self written
constitution
1953 - Canadian Comet crashes at Karachi, 11 killed
1953 - Boston Braves, who own Milwaukee minor league
franchise, block St Louis Browns attempt to shift their franchise to Milwaukee
1955 - Elvis Presley made his 1st TV appearance
1956 - Cockie Gastelaars swims world record 100 m freestyle
(1:04.2)
1956 - Indonesian government of Harahap resigns
1956 - Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary
of throne)
1956 - Manhattan Borough President Hulan Jack makes plans
for a new 110,000-seat stadium to entice Giants to stay in NY
1957 - Corry Brokken wins Eurovision Song festival with
"Just as then"
1957 - Ice Dance Championship at Colorado Spr won by Markham
& Jones (GRB)
1957 - Ice Pairs Championship at Colorado Springs won by
Wagner & Paul (CAN)
1957 - Men's Figure Skating Champ in Colo Springs won by
David Jenkins (USA)
1957 - Mickey Wright wins LPGA Jacksonville Golf Open
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger &
Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1957 - Worlds Ladies Figure Skating Champ in Colo
Spr won by Carol Heiss (US)
1958 - KTVU TV channel 2 in Oakland-San Francisco, CA (IND)
1st broadcast
1958 - Nuri ash Said becomes premier of Iraq
1959 - 1st US probe to enter solar orbit, Pioneer 4,
launched
1959 - Brit government arrests Hastings Banda of Nyasaland,
ends emergency crisis
1959 - SF Giant's rename their stadium Candlestick Park
1960 - 9th largest snowfall in NYC history (14.5")
1961 - King Hassan II's ascends to throne of Morocco
1962 - British Antarctic Territory forms
1963 - Senegal adopts constitution
1965 - Temptations' "My Girl" reaches #1
1965 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1965 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1966 - Buffalo Springfield form (Steven Stills, Neil Young,
et al)
1966 - James Goldman's "Lion in Winter," premieres
in NYC
1966 - Kwame Nkrumah flees Ghana to Guinee
1966 - Rock group Buffalo Springfield forms
1966 - Twister hits Jackson Miss; 3 minutes after 1st
sighting, 57 die
1966 - WRFT (now WVFT) TV channel 27 in Roanoke, VA (IND)
begins broadcasting
1967 - Grenada gains partial independence from Britain
1967 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1967 - White Sox given permission to use semi-DH in training
camp with home club permission (use of pinch hitter twice in same game)
1968 - "Here's Where I Belong" opens/closes at
Billy Rose Theater NYC
1968 - Greece, Portugal & Spain's embassies bombed in
the Hague
1968 - Jean Beliveau (Mont) becomes 2nd NHLer to score 1,000
pts
1969 - Apollo 9 launched for 151 Earth orbits (10 days)
1971 - South African Broadcasting Corp lifts its ban on the
Beatles
1971 - Winnie Mandela sentenced to 1 year in jail in South
Africa
1972 - Sculpted figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee,
& Stonewall Jackson are completed at Stone Mountain Georgia
1973 - "Shelter" closes at John Golden Theater NYC
after 31 performances
1973 - White Sox Dick Allen signs 3 year contract for record
$750,000
1974 - "Sextet" opens at Bijou Theater NYC for 9
performances
1974 - Despite Billy Harris' hat trick Islanders lose 3-4
Boxing Champ George ForemanBoxing Champ George Foreman 1974
- George Foreman KOs Ken Norton
1974 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Orange Blossom Golf Classic
1974 - World's worst air disaster, Turkish DC-10 crashes in
Paris (346 die)
1975 - "Goodtime Charley" opens at Palace Theater
NYC for 104 performances
1975 - Linda McCartney is charged in US with possession of
marijuana
1976 - Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia
1976 - 5 workers are killed by the police in a demonstration
in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
1977 - Ice Pairs Champs at Tokyo won by Irina
Rodnina/Alexandr Zaitsev (URS)
1977 - Islanders allow Red Wings only 11 shots on goal
1977 - Libyan Socialist Arabs People's Republic forms
1977 - Men's Figure Skating Champions in Tokyo won by
Vladimir Kovalev (USSR)
1977 - Worlds Ladies Fig Skating Champ in Tokyo won by Linda
Fratianne (USA)
1978 - 1st day of Test cricket for Desmond Haynes (WI v
Australia)
1980 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island
1980 - The USS Nautilus is stricken.
1981 - Isle's Mike Bossy 9th & final hat trick of
season-4 goals
1981 - NY Islanders & Edmonton Oilers play to an 8-8 tie
1982 - Senate begins debate on expulsion of Sen Harrison
Williams (D-NJ)
1984 - NY Islanders score their most goals (11) vs Tor Maple
Leafs (6)
1984 - Peter Ueberroth elected baseball commissioner
(Effective Oct 1)
1985 - "Moonlighting" with Cybill Shepard &
Bruce Willis, premieres
1985 - "My One & Only" closes at St James
Theater NYC after 767 performances
1985 - Betsy King wins LPGA Samaritan Turquoise Golf Classic
1985 - Bill Shoemaker is 1st jockey to surpass $100 million
1985 - National Union of Mine Workers in England end a 51
week strike
1985 - Willie Shoemaker becomes 1st jockey to win $100
million
1987 - Ray Dandridge, 3rd baseman in Negro Leagues, eleected
to Hall of Fame
1989 - Machinists strike Eastern Airlines; pilots honor
picket lines
1989 - Robert McFarlane gets $20,000 fine, 2 yrs probation
for Iran-Contra
Actor Bruce WillisActor Bruce Willis 1990 - Carole Gist, 20,
(Michigan 1st black), crowned 39th Miss USA
1991 - "Big Love" opens at Plymouth Theater NYC
for 41 performances
1991 - 25 die as United Boeing 737 crashes in Colorado
Springs
1991 - Boon completes 10th Test Cricket century, 109* v WI
at Kingston
1991 - Iraqi generals & Gen Schwarzkopf meet to discuss
cease fire
1991 - LA Police severly beat motorist Rodney King, captured
on amateur video
1991 - Latvia & Estonia vote to become independent of
the USSR
1991 - Merlene Ottey runs world record 200m indoor (22.24
sec)
1991 - Miguel Trovoada installed as president of Sao Tomé e
Principal
1991 - Switzerland votes on lowering voting age from 20 to
18
1991 - United Airlines crashes near Colorado Springs, kills
25
1992 - Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak Turkey, 100s
die
1992 - Mike Bossy's #22 is 2nd # retired by NY Islanders
1992 - Pres Bush apologizes for raising taxes after pledging
not to
1992 - Charges are filed in Florida against NY Mets Darryl
Boston, Vince Coleman & Dwight Gooden of rape (dropped in April)
Victim of Police Violence Rodney KingVictim of Police
Violence Rodney King 1992 - The nation of Bosnia was established.
1993 - Howard Stern radio show premieres in Boston (WBCN
104.1 FM-evenings)
1994 - "Damn Yankees" opens at Marquis Theater NYC
for 510 performances
1994 - "Philoktetes Variations," with Ron Vawter,
premieres in Brussels
1994 - IRS investigates Darryl Strawberry
1996 - 26th Easter Seal Telethon
1996 - Auckland beat Wellington by 9 wickets to win Shell
Trophy Final
1997 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Fayetteville NC
on WRCQ 103.5 FM
1997 - The tallest free-standing structure in the Southern
Hemisphere, Sky Tower in downtown Auckland, New Zealand, opens after
two-and-a-half years of construction.
1998 - Bill Gates testifies at Senate Judiciary Committee
2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favor of
their country becoming a member of the United Nations.
2004 - Belgian brewer Interbrew and Brazilian rival AmBev
agreed to merge in a $11.2 billion deal that formed InBev, the world's largest
brewer.
2005 - Mayerthorpe Incident: James Roszko murders four Royal
Canadian Mounted Police constables during a drug bust at his property in
Rochfort Bridge, Alberta, then commits suicide. It is the deadliest peace-time
incident for the RCMP since 1885 and the North-West Rebellion.
2005 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly an
airplane around the world solo without any stops without refueling - a journey
of 40,234 km/25,000 mi completed in 67 hours and 2 minutes.
2009 - The Sri Lankan cricket team is attacked by terrorists
while on their way to the Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore for a Test match against
Pakistan.
Microsoft Founder Bill GatesMicrosoft Founder Bill Gates
2009 - The building of the Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln (Historical Archives)
in Cologne, Germany, collapses.
2012 - Lorry crash in east Guinea kills 50 and injures 27
2012 - Two trains crash in Szczekociny, Poland, with 16
people dead and up to 50 injured
2013 - 45 people are killed by a bomb blast in Karachi,
Pakistan
2013 - A 2 year old US girl becomes the first child born
with HIV to be cured
1791 - The U.S. Congress passed a resolution that created the U.S. Mint. 1803 - The first impeachment trial of a U.S. Judge, John Pickering, began. 1812 - The U.S. Congress passed the first foreign aid bill. 1817 - The first commercial steamboat route from Louisville to New Orleans was opened. 1845 - Florida became the 27th U.S. state. 1845 - The U.S. Congress passed legislation overriding a U.S. President’s veto. It was the first time the Congress had achieved this. 1849 - The U.S. Department of the Interior was established. 1849 - The Gold Coinage Act was passed by the U.S. Congress. It allowed the minting of gold coins. 1849 - The U.S. Congress created the territory of Minnesota. 1851 - The U.S. Congress authorized the 3-cent piece. It was the smallest U.S. silver coin. 1857 - Britain and France declared war on China. 1863 - Free city delivery of mail was authorized by the U.S. Postal Service. 1875 - The U.S. Congress authorized the 20-cent piece. It was only used for 3 years. 1878 - Russia and the Ottomans signed the treaty of San Stenafano. The treaty granted independence to Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and the autonomy of Bulgaria. 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) was incorporated in New York as a subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company. 1885 - The U.S. Post Office began offering special delivery for first-class mail. 1894 - The "Atlantis" was first published. It was the first Greek newspaper in America. 1900 - Striking miners in Germany returned to work. 1903 - In St. Louis, MO, Barney Gilmore was arrested for spitting. 1903 - The U.S. imposed a $2 head tax on immigrants. 1904 - Wilhelm II of Germany made the first recording of a political document with Thomas Edison's cylinder. 1905 - The Russian Czar agreed to create an elected assembly. 1906 - A Frenchman tried the first flight in an airplane with tires. 1908 - The U.S. government declared open war on on U.S. anarchists. 1909 - Aviators Herring, Curtiss and Bishop announced that airplanes would be made commercially in the U.S. 1910 - J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announced his withdrawal from business to administer his father's fortune for an "uplift in humanity". He also appealed to the U.S. Congress for the creation of the Rockefeller Foundation. 1910 - In New York, Robert Forest founded the National Housing Association to fight deteriorating urban living conditions. 1910 - Nicaraguan rebels admitted defeat in open war and resorted to guerrilla tactics in the hope of U.S. intervention. 1915 - The motion picture "Birth of a Nation" debuted in New York City. 1918 - The Treaty of Brest Litovsky was signed by Germany, Austria and Russia. The treaty ended Russia's participation in World War I. 1923 - The first issue of Time magazine was published. 1930 - "Flying High" opened at the Apollo Theatre in New York City. 1931 - The "Star Spangled Banner," written by Francis Scott Key, was adopted as the American national anthem. The song was originally a poem known as "Defense of Fort McHenry." 1938 - A world record for the indoor mile run was set by Glenn Cunningham. He ran the distance in 4 minutes, 4.4 seconds. 1939 - In Bombay, Ghandi began a fast to protest the state's autocratic rule. 1941 - Moscow denounced the Axis rule in Bulgaria. 1945 - Superman encountered Batman and Robin for the first time on the Mutual Broadcasting System. 1945 - During World War II, Finland declared war on the Axis. 1952 - "Whispering Streets" debuted on ABC Radio. 1952 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld New York's Feinberg Law that banned Communist teachers in the U.S. 1956 - Morocco gained its independence. 1959 - The San Francisco Giants had their new stadium officially named Candlestick Park. 1969 - Apollo 9 was launched by NASA to test a lunar module. 1969 - Sirhan Sirhan testified in a Los Angeles court that he killed Robert Kennedy. 1973 - Japan disclosed its first defense plan since World War II. 1974 - About 350 people died when a Turkish Airlines DC-10 crashed just after takeoff from Orly Airport in Paris. 1978 - The remains of Charles Chaplin were stolen from his grave in Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. The body was recovered 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva. 1980 - The submarine Nautilus was decommissioned. The vessels final voyage had ended on May 26, 1979. 1985 - Women Against Pornography awarded its ‘Pig Award’ to Huggies Diapers. The activists claimed that the TV ads for diapers had "crossed the line between eye-catching and porn." 1985 - The TV show "Moonlighting" premiered. 1987 - The U.S. House of Representatives rejected a package of $30 million in non-lethal aid for the Nicaraguan Contras. 1991 - 25 people were killed when a United Airlines Boeing 737-200 crashed while on approach to the Colorado Springs airport. 1991 - Rodney King was severely beaten by Los Angeles police officers. The scene was captured on amateur video. (California) 1994 - The Mexican government reached a peace agreement with the Chiapas rebels. 1995 - A U.N. peacekeeping mission in Somalia ended. Several gunmen were killed by U.S. Marines in Mogadishu while overseeing the pull out of peacekeepers. 1999 - In Egypt, 19 people were killed when a bus plunged into a Nile canal. 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones began their attempt to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon non-stop. They succeeded on March 20, 1999.
1845 Florida became the 27th state in the United States. 1845 The U.S. Senate passed legislation overriding a presidential veto for the first time. 1875 Georges Bizet's opera Carmen debuted in Paris, to cool audience reception and panned by critics. 1879 Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood became the first woman lawyer to be admitted to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States. 1918 Germany, Austria, and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. 1931 The "Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the national anthem. 1991 Rodney King's vicious beating by Los Angeles police officers was caught on videotape. 2000 Former dictator Augusto Pinochet returned to Chile after being detained in Britain on torture charges. 2003 New embassies opened in Kenya and Tanzania, to replace those lost in the 1998 terrorist bombings.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar03.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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