http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 22, 1765: Stamp Act imposed on American colonies
In an effort to raise funds to pay off debts and defend the vast new American territories won from the French in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), the British government passes the Stamp Act on this day in 1765. The legislation levied a direct tax on all materials printed for commercial and legal use in the colonies, from newspapers and pamphlets to playing cards and dice.
Though the Stamp Act employed a strategy that was a common fundraising vehicle in England, it stirred a storm of protest in the colonies. The colonists had recently been hit with three major taxes: the Sugar Act (1764), which levied new duties on imports of textiles, wines, coffee and sugar; the Currency Act (1764), which caused a major decline in the value of the paper money used by colonists; and the Quartering Act (1765), which required colonists to provide food and lodging to British troops.
With the passing of the Stamp Act, the colonists' grumbling finally became an articulated response to what they saw as the mother country's attempt to undermine their economic strength and independence. They raised the issue of taxation without representation, and formed societies throughout the colonies to rally against the British government and nobles who sought to exploit the colonies as a source of revenue and raw materials. By October of that year, nine of the 13 colonies sent representatives to the Stamp Act Congress, at which the colonists drafted the "Declaration of Rights and Grievances," a document that railed against the autocratic policies of the mercantilist British empire.
Realizing that it actually cost more to enforce the Stamp Act in the protesting colonies than it did to abolish it, the British government repealed the tax the following year. The fracas over the Stamp Act, though, helped plant seeds for a far larger movement against the British government and the eventual battle for independence. Most important of these was the formation of the Sons of Liberty--a group of tradesmen who led anti-British protests in Boston and other seaboard cities--and other groups of wealthy landowners who came together from the across the colonies. Well after the Stamp Act was repealed, these societies continued to meet in opposition to what they saw as the abusive policies of the British empire. Out of their meetings, a growing nationalism emerged that would culminate in the fighting of the American Revolution only a decade later.
Mar 22, 1945: Arab League formed
Representatives from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Yemen meet in Cairo to establish the Arab League, a regional organization of Arab states. Formed to foster economic growth in the region, resolve disputes between its members, and coordinate political aims, members of the Arab League formed a council, with each state receiving one vote. When the State of Israel was created in 1948, the league countries jointly attacked but were repulsed by the Israelis. Two years later, Arab League nations signed a mutual defense treaty. Fifteen more Arab nations eventually joined the organization, which established a common market in 1965.
Mar 22, 1942: Cripps and Gandhi meet
On this day, Sir Stanford Cripps, British statesman, arrives in India for talks with Mohandas Gandhi on Indian independence, in what will become known as the Cripps Mission.
Cripps was a gifted student with a background in such diverse disciplines as chemistry and law. Always of weak health, he was deemed unfit for military service during World War I; instead, he worked in a government factory. After the war, Cripps was made a King's Counsel (1927). Shortly thereafter, he was knighted, and in 1931 was elected to Parliament as a Labour Party member for Bristol East. Cripps' politics were left of even the Labour Party, and when he advocated a united front with the Communists in 1938 against a growing European fascism, he was expelled from the party.
Once World War II erupted, Cripps was made ambassador to the Soviet Union. In 1942, he joined the War Cabinet and ventured to India to begin discussing two pressing issues: Japan's threat to India, and India's independence from Britain. The first meetings of the Cripps Mission took place on March 22, 1942. The first item on the agenda was India's defense against a growing Japanese empire. Cripps wanted to rally the Indian National Congress behind the cause. The leader of the Congress was Mohandas K. Gandhi.
Nicknamed Mahatma, the "Great-Souled," Gandhi was at the center of India's quest for independence from British colonial rule. His use of nonviolent protest both in South Africa, where he practiced law, and in India made him a model and icon for later social-protest movements. Gandhi deemed the negotiations made with the British government through the Cripps Mission unsatisfactory. It did not guarantee Indian independence--never mind the immediate autonomy that the Congress demanded--and threatened to "divide and keep conquered" by playing Hindu Indians against Muslim Indians. Consequently, though Gandhi hated fascism, he could not promise unqualified Indian support of the British during the war.
The Cripps Mission failed; Cripps returned to Britain and was eventually transferred to the Ministry of Aircraft Production. Gandhi was arrested as a "threat" to Indian security. He was interned for two years before health issues forced his release.
Mar 22, 1933: FDR legalizes sale of beer and wine
On this day in 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Beer and Wine Revenue Act. This law levies a federal tax on all alcoholic beverages to raise revenue for the federal government and gives individual states the option to further regulate the sale and distribution of beer and wine.
With the passage of the 18th Amendment and the Volstead Act in 1919, temperance advocates in the U.S. finally achieved their long sought-after goal of prohibiting the sale of alcohol or "spirits." Together, the new laws prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of liquor and ushered in the era known as "Prohibition," defining an alcoholic beverage as anything containing over 0.5 percent alcohol by volume. President Woodrow Wilson had unsuccessfully tried to veto the Volstead Act, which set harsh punishments for violating the 18th Amendment and endowed the Internal Revenue Service with unprecedented regulatory and enforcement powers. In the end, Prohibition proved difficult and expensive to enforce and actually increased illegal trafficking without cutting down on consumption. In one of his first addresses to Congress as president, FDR announced his intention to modify the Volstead Act with the Beer and Wine Revenue Act.
No fan of temperance himself, FDR had developed a taste for alcohol when he attended New York cocktail parties as a budding politician. (While president, FDR refused to fire his favorite personal valet for repeated drunkenness on the job.) FDR considered the new law "of the highest importance" for its potential to generate much-needed federal funds and included it in a sweeping set of New Deal policies designed to vault the U.S. economy out of the Great Depression. The Beer and Wine Revenue act was followed, in December 1933, by the passage of the 21st Amendment, which officially ended Prohibition.
Mar 22, 1947: Truman orders loyalty checks of federal employees
In response to public fears and Congressional investigations into communism in the United States, President Harry S. Truman issues an executive decree establishing a sweeping loyalty investigation of federal employees.
As the Cold War began to develop after World War II, fears concerning communist activity in the United States, particularly in the federal government, increased. Congress had already launched investigations of communist influence in Hollywood, and laws banning communists from teaching positions were being instituted in several states. Of most concern to the Truman administration, however, were persistent charges that communists were operating in federal offices. In response to these fears and concerns, Truman issued an executive order on March 21, 1947, which set up a program to check the loyalty of federal employees. In announcing his order, Truman indicated that he expected all federal workers to demonstrate "complete and unswerving loyalty" the United States. Anything less, he declared, "constitutes a threat to our democratic processes."
The basic elements of Truman's order established the framework for a wide-ranging and powerful government apparatus to perform loyalty checks. Loyalty boards were to be set up in every department and agency of the federal government. Using lists of "totalitarian, fascist, communist, or subversive" organizations provided by the attorney general, and relying on investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these boards were to review every employee. If there existed "reasonable grounds" to doubt an employee's loyalty, he or she would be dismissed. A Loyalty Review Board was set up under the Civil Service Commission to deal with employees' appeals.
Truman's loyalty program resulted in the discovery of only a few employees whose loyalty could be "reasonably" doubted. Nevertheless, for a time his order did quiet some of the criticism that his administration was "soft" on communism. Matters changed dramatically in 1949-1950. The Soviets developed an atomic bomb, China fell to the communists, and Senator Joseph McCarthy made the famous speech in which he declared that there were over 200 "known communists" in the Department of State. Once again, charges were leveled that the Truman administration was "coddling" communists, and in response, the Red Scare went into full swing.
Mar 22, 1894: First Stanley Cup championship played
On this day in 1894, the first championship series for Lord Stanley’s Cup is played in Montreal, Canada. The Stanley Cup has since become one of the most cherished and recognized trophies in sport.
The Stanley Cup was the creation of Sir Frederick Arthur Stanley, lord of Preston and the 16th earl of Derby. Stanley was of noble birth, the son of a three-time prime minister of England. He served in Canada’s House of Commons from 1865 until he was named governor general of Canada in 1888. Stanley became an ice hockey fan after watching an 1889 game at the Montreal Winter Carnival. Stanley’s family, sons and daughters alike, also became enraptured with the game that had taken Montreal’s sporting public by storm since its introduction in 1875. In honor of the new sport, Lord Stanley then donated a lavish trophy to the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The trophy, originally called the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, was first presented in 1893 to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) team, champions of the Amateur Hockey Association. Stanley had intended for the cup to be presented to the winner of a challenge series, or tournament, so in 1894 it was given to the Montreal AAA team upon their defeat of the Ottawa Generals in the championship round of a tournament specifically created to award the Cup as Lord Stanley had intended.
Since 1926, the Stanley Cup has been awarded solely by the National Hockey League every year except 2005, when the NHL was on strike. The original trophy that Lord Stanley donated was retired in 1962. Since then, only one trophy has served in its place, making the Stanley Cup the only trophy in major sports that is not reproduced each year. When a team wins the Cup, they are allowed to hold on to the trophy for one year, and the name of every player, coach and front-office employee is inscribed onto it. (In 1954, Detroit Red Wings owner Marguerite Norris, a former goaltender, became the first woman to have her name engraved on the cup.) Each player and front-office employee of the champion team is given 24 hours with the Cup, which they can take anywhere, along with the its full-time escorts, provided by the Hockey Hall of Fame. Since 1895, when the Winnipeg Victorias began the tradition of drinking from the Cup, people have filled it with everything from beer to bath water as they celebrate with friends, family and the public. In its travels, the Stanley Cup has been thrown into swimming pools, taken fishing, played host to a baby’s christening and been drunk from across Canada, the United States and Europe.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
752 - Stephen II elected Catholic Pope (or 23rd)
1349 - Townspeople of Fulda Germany massacre Jews (blamed
for black death)
1457 - Gutenberg Bible became the 1st printed book
1556 - Cardinal Reginald Pole becomes archbishop of
Canterbury
1594 - French King Henri IV festival in Paris
1621 - Hugo de Grote escapes in bookcase from Loevenstein
castle, Neth
1622 - 1st American Indian (Powhattan) massacre of whites
Jamestown Virginia, 347 slain
1630 - 1st colonial legislation prohibiting gambling enacted
(Boston)
1638 - Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson expelled from
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1680 - Parliament of Breisach accepts French sovereignty
over Elzas
1692 - Emperor Leopold I names duke Earnest August of
Braunschweig, king
1765 - Stamp Act passed; 1st direct British tax on colonists
1775 - Edmund Burke presents his 13 articles to the
Westminster Parliament
1778 - Capt Cook sights Cape Flattery, in Washington state
1784 - The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to
its current place in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.
1790 - Thomas Jefferson becomes the 1st US Secretary of
State under President Washington
1794 - Congress bans US vessels from supplying slaves to
other countries
1809 - Charles XIII succeeds Gustav IV Adolf to the Swedish
throne.
US President Thomas JeffersonUS President Thomas Jefferson
1822 - NY Horticultural Society founded
1829 - The three protecting powers (Britain, France and
Russia) establish the borders of Greece.
1841 - Cornstarch patented (Orlando Jones)
1861 - 1st US nursing school chartered
1862 - San Marino & Italy conclude treaty of friendship
& cooperation
1865 - Raid at Wilson's: Chickaswas AL to Macon GA
1871 - William Holden of NC becomes 1st governor removed by
impeachment
1872 - Illinois becomes 1st state to require sexual equality
in employment
1873 - Slavery is abolished in Puerto Rico
1874 - Young Men's Hebrew Association organizes in NYC
1882 - Edmunds Act adopted by the US to suppress polygamy,
1300 men later imprisoned under the act
1888 - English Football League established
1894 - Stanley Cup: Mont AAA beat Ottawa Generals, 3-1 (1st
Cup game ever)
1895 - Auguste & Louis Lumiere show their 1st movie to
an invited audience
1896 - Charilaos Vasilakos wins 1st marathon (3:18)
1903 - NY Highlanders (Yankees) tickets 1st go on sale
1903 - Niagera Falls runs out of water because of a drought
1912 - Agnes Martin, Macklin Canada, Canadian-American
abstract painter
1914 - World's 1st airline, St Petersburg Tampa Airboat
Line, begins
1923 - The first radio broadcast of ice hockey is made by
Foster Hewitt.
1927 - Federico Garcia Lorca's "El Maleficio"
premieres in Madrid
1928 - Noel Coward's musical "This Year of Grace"
premieres in London
1929 - 66 horses run in Irish Grand National Sweepstakes
1929 - KIT-AM in Yakima WA begins radio transmissions
1929 - USCG vessel sank Canadian schooner suspected of
carrying liquor
32nd US President Franklin D. Roosevelt32nd US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933 - FDR makes wine & beer with up to 3.2% alcohol
legal
1934 - 1st Masters golf championship began in Augusta, Ga
1934 - Fire destroys Hakodate Japan (kills 1,500, injures
1,000)
1935 - Blood tests authorized as evidence in court cases
(NY)
1939 - Lithuania state, forced to give Memel territory to
Germany
1941 - Grand Coulee Dam in Washington goes into operation
1942 - Heavy German assault on Malta
1943 - Dutch work week extended to 54 hour
1943 - Obligatory work for woman ends in Belgium
1943 - SS police chief Rauter threatens to kill half Jewish
children
1944 - 600+ 8th Air Force bombers attack Berlin
1945 - Arab League forms with adoption of a charter in Cairo
Egypt
1945 - US 3rd Army crosses Rhine at Nierstein
1946 - 1st US rocket to leave the Earth's atmosphere (50
miles up)
1946 - Britain signs treaty granting independence to Jordan
1947 - President Harry Truman signs executive order calling
for loyalty
1952 - Dutch DC-6 crashes near Frankfurt, killing 44
1953 - AntonínZápotockýchosen as president of Czechoslovakia
1953 - Louise Suggs wins LPGA Betsy Rawls Golf Open
1954 - 1st shopping mall opened in Southfield, Mich
1954 - Closed since 1939, the London bullion market reopens.
1956 - "Mr Wonderful" opens at Broadway Theater
NYC for 383 performances
1956 - Death penalty against KPM-director Leon Jungschlaeger
1956 - Musical "Mr Wonderful" with Sammy Davis Jr
premieres in NYC
1957 - Earthquake gives SF shakes
1957 - Republic of India adopts Saka calendar along with
Gregorian
1958 - 20th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Kentucky
beats Seattle 84-72
1958 - Faisal succeeds Saudi as king of Saudi-Arabia
1958 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya USSR
1959 - Betsy Rawls wins LPGA Nehi Golf Tournament
1960 - 1st patent for lasers, granted to Arthur Schawlow
& Charles Townes
1960 - AL Schawlow & C H Townes obtain patent for the
laser
1962 - "I Can Get It For You Wholesale" opens at
Shubert NYC for 300 perfs
1963 - Beatles release 1st album, "Please Please
Me"
1963 - Brit Min of War John Profumo denies having sex with
Christine Keeler
1963 - Oregon State's Terry Baker becomes 1st & only
Heisman Trophy winner
Singer-songwriter & Actress Barbra
StreisandSinger-songwriter & Actress Barbra Streisand 1964 - Barbra
Streisand appears on the cover of NY Times Magazine section
1964 - Carol Mann wins LPGA Women's Western Golf Open
Invitational
1965 - D Senanayake wins general elections in Ceylon (Sri
Lanka)
1965 - US confirms its troops used chemical warfare against
the Vietcong
1967 - Muhammad Ali KOs Zora Folley in 7 for heavyweight
boxing title
1968 - Jarmila Novotna resigns presidency of Czechoslovakia
1968 - Lynda Johnson ordered off SF cable car for eating an
ice cream cone
1968 - Student riot in Nanterre near Paris
1969 - "Billy" opens & closes at Billy Rose
Theater NYC after 1 performance
1969 - "Come Summer" closes at Lunt Fontanne
Theater NYC after 7 performances
1969 - 31st NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats
Purdue 92-72 UCLA wins its 5th national championship in 6 years
1970 - "Blood Red Roses" opens & closes at
John Golden Theater NYC
1970 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Orange Blossom Golf Classic
1971 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1972 - "Selling of the President" opens at Shubert
Theater NYC for 5 perfs
1972 - Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment (never
ratified)
1972 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar named NBA MVP
1972 - Nick Mileti purchases Cleve Indians for $9 million
1972 - Yankees trade Danny Cater to the Red Sox for Sparky
Lyle
1975 - "Dinge-competed" wins Eurovisie Song
festival
1975 - "Dr Jazz" closes at Winter Garden Theater
NYC after 5 performances
1975 - "Letter for Queen Victoria" opens at ANTA
Theater NYC for 18 perfs
1975 - Delta State beats Immaculata for the women's AIAW
championship
1975 - Teach-In wins Eurovision Song Festival with
"Dinge-Dong"
1975 - Walt Disney World Shopping Village opens
1975 - A fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in
Decatur, Alabama causes dangerous lowering of cooling water levels.
1977 - Dutch Den Uyl government falls
1977 - Indira Gandhi resigns as PM of India
1977 - Uyl government falls
1978 - France performs nuclear test
Poet Robert FrostPoet Robert Frost 1978 - Robert Frost
Plaza, at California, Drumm & Market, SF, dedicated
1978 - Rutle's "All You Need is Cash" is show on
NBC-TV
1978 - Karl Wallenda of the The Flying Wallendas dies after
falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
1979 - Israeli parliament approves peace treaty with Egypt
1979 - NHL votes to accept 4 WHA teams (Oilers, Jets,
Nordiques & Whalers)
1981 - 1st class postage raised to 18 cents from 15 cents
1981 - Donna Caponi Young wins LPGA Desert Inn Pro-Am Golf
Tournament
1981 - Soyuz 39 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 Mongolian) to Salyut
6
1981 - Toshihiko Seko runs world record 25k (1:13:55.8)/30k
(1:29:18.8)
1982 - 3rd Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 3 launched
1982 - Iran offensive against Iraq
1983 - Chaim Herzog elected Israeli president
1984 - Islander Bryan Trottier ties NHL rec scores 5 seconds
into game
1984 - Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan
Beach, California are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the children in the
school. The charges are later dropped as completely unfounded.
1985 - NASA launches Intelsat VA
1986 - Ehrig skates ladies world record 5 km (7:20.99)
1986 - HBO launches boxing's heavyweight-title-unification-tournament
1986 - Heart's "These Dreams," single goes #1
1986 - Ice Pairs Championship at Geneva won by Gordeeva
& Grinkov (URS)
1986 - Kania skates ladies world record 1500m (1:59.30)
1986 - Ladies Figure Skating Championship in Geneva won by
Debi Thomas (USA)
1986 - Trevor Berbick beats Pinklon Thomas in 15 for
heavyweight boxing title
1987 - Betsy King wins LPGA Circle K Tucson Golf Open
US President & Actor Ronald ReaganUS President &
Actor Ronald Reagan 1988 - Congress overrides Reagan's veto of sweeping civil
rights bill
1988 - WA beat Queensland by 5 wkts to win the Sheffield
Shield Final
1989 - Pete Rozelle announces retirement as NFL commissioner
after 29 years
1989 - US Supreme Court upholds 1 person 1 vote rule of NYC
Board of Estimate
1989 - Clint Malarchuk of the Buffalo Sabres suffers a
near-fatal injury when another player accidentally slits his throat.
1990 - "Grapes of Wrath" opens at Cort Theater NYC
for 188 performances
1990 - "Les Miserables" opens at Shubert Theatre,
Boston
1990 - Anchorage jury finds Capt Hazelwood innocent of
Valdez oil spill
1990 - The ML umpires announce that they will boycott
exhibition games
1991 - Law enforcement officers raid fraternities at U of Va
seizing drugs
1991 - NY Daily News begins using motto "Forward with
NY"
1991 - Pamela Smart (HS teacher) found guilty in NH of
manipulating her student-lover to kill her husband
1992 - "Private Lives" closes at Broadhurst
Theater NYC after 37 performances
1992 - Danielle Ammaccapane wins Standard Register Ping Golf
Championship
1992 - England beat South Africa in rain-ruined cricket
World Cup semi final
1992 - Joseph A Molloy elected NY Yankee general partner
1992 - US Air NY to Cleveland crashes on take off at
LaGuardia, 27 die
1993 - Intel introduces Pentium-processor (80586) 64 bits-60
MHz-100+ MIPS
1994 - Dutch Ambassador to US christens a new tulip (the
Hillary Clinton)
1994 - Mark Foster swims world record 50m butterfly (23.68
sec)
1994 - South African government/ANC take power in Ciskei
homeland
1994 - Soyuz TM-21 lands
1995 - Deputy Gov of Bank of England, Rupert Pennant-Rea,
resigns following revelations of his affair with a freelance journalist
1996 - Cheryl Depew, of Florida, crowned 13th Miss Hawaiian
Tropic Intl
1996 - STS 76 (Atlantis 16), launches into orbit
1997 - "Sunset Boulevard" closes at Minskoff NYC
after 977 performances
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp Closest Approach to Earth (1.315 AU)
1997 - Ladies Fig Skating Championship in Lausanne won by
Tara Lipinski (USA)
1998 - 18th Golden Raspberry Awards: The Postman wins
2003 - 23rd Golden Raspberry Awards: Swept Away wins
2004 - Ahmed Yassin, co-founder and leader of the
Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant group Hamas, and bodyguards are killed in
the Gaza Strip when hit by Israeli Air Force AH-64 Apache fired Hellfire
missiles.
2006 - ETA, armed Basque separatist group, declares
permanent ceasefire.
2006 - BC Ferries' M/V Queen of the North runs aground on
Gil Island British Columbia and sinks; 101 on board, 2 presumed deaths.
2006 - Three Christian Peacemaker Teams Hostages are freed
by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days captivity and the death of their
colleague, American Tom Fox.
2008 - The French Swimmer Alain Bernard sets the world
record of 47.50 for the 100 m freestyle long course after winning the European
LC Championships 2008.
2009 - Mount Redoubt, a volcano in Alaska began erupting
after a prolonged period of unrest.
2012 - Largest protest in Quebec's history occurs in
Montreal with over 200,000 people marching against government tuition hikes and
for free access to post-secondary education
2012 - Australia's most wanted man, Malcolm Naden, is
captured after seven years on the run in Gloucester, New South Wales
2012 - Massive fire devours thousands of hectares of ancient
forests and threatens wildlife on Mount Kenya
2013 - 37 people are killed and 200 are injured in a refugee
camp fire in Ban Mae, Thailand
1457 - Gutenberg Bible became the first printed book. 1622 - Indians attacked a group of colonist in the James River area of Virginia. 347 residents were killed. 1630 - The first legislation to prohibit gambling was enacted. It was in Boston, MA. 1638 - Anne Hutchinsoon, a religious dissident, was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1719 - Frederick William abolished serfdom on crown property in Prussia. 1733 - Joseph Priestly invented carbonated water (seltzer). 1765 - The Stamp Act was passed. It was the first direct British tax on the American colonists. It was repealed on March 17, 1766. 1775 - Edmund Burke presented his 13 articles to the English parliament. 1790 - Thomas Jefferson became the first U.S. Secretary of State. 1794 - The U.S. Congress banned U.S. vessels from supplying slaves to other countries. 1822 - New York Horticultural Society was founded. 1841 - Englishman Orlando Jones patented cornstarch. 1871 - William Holden of North Carolina became the first governor to be removed by impeachment. 1872 - Illinois became the first state to require sexual equality in employment. 1873 - Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico. 1874 - The Young Men's Hebrew Association was organized in New York City. 1882 - The U.S. Congress outlawed polygamy. 1888 - The English Football League was established. 1894 - The first playoff competition for the Stanley Cup began. Montreal played Ottawa. 1895 - Auguste and Louis Lumiere showed their first movie to an invited audience in Paris. 1901 - Japan proclaimed that it was determined to keep Russia from encroaching on Korea. 1902 - Great Britain and Persia agreed to link Europe and India by telegraph. 1903 - Niagara Falls ran out of water due to a drought. 1903 - In Columbia, the region near Galera De Zamba was devastated by a volcanic eruption. 1904 - The first color photograph was published in the London Daily Illustrated Mirror. 1905 - Child miners in Britain received a maximum 8-hour workday. 1906 - France lost the first ever rugby game ever played against Britain. 1907 - Russians troops completed the evacuation of Manchuria in the face of advancing Japanese forces. 1907 - In Paris, it was reported that male cab drivers dressed as women to attract riders. 1910 - In Liberia, a telegraph cable linked Tenerife and Monrovia. 1911 - Herman Jadlowker became the first opera singer to perform two major roles in the same day at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. 1915 - A German zeppelin made a night raid on Paris railway stations. 1919 - The first international airline service was inaugurated on a weekly schedule between Paris and Brussels. 1933 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill legalizing the sale and possession of beer and wine containing up to 3.2% alcohol. 1934 - The first Masters golf championship began in Augusta, GA. 1935 - In New York, blood tests were authorized as evidence in court cases. 1935 - Persia was renamed Iran. 1941 - The Grand Coulee Dam in Washington began operations. 1943 - The Dutch workweek was extended to 54 hours. 1943 - Obligatory work for woman ends in Belgium. 1945 - The Arab League was formed with the adoption of a charter in Cairo, Egypt. 1946 - The British granted Transjordan independence. 1946 - The first U.S. built rocket to leave the earth's atmosphere reached a height of 50-miles. 1947 - The Greek government imposed martial law in Laconia and southern Greece. 1948 - The United States announced a land reform plan for Korea. 1948 - "The Voice of Firestone" became the first commercial radio program to be carried simultaneously on both AM and FM radio stations. 1954 - The first shopping mall opened in Southfield, Michigan. 1954 - The London gold market reopened for the first time since 1939. 1956 - Perry Como became the first major TV variety-show host to book a rock and roll act on his program. The act was Carl Perkins. 1960 - A.L. Schawlow & C.H. Townes obtained a patent for the laser. It was the first patent for any laser. 1965 - U.S. confirmed that its troops used chemical warfare against the Vietcong. 1972 - The U.S. Senate passed the Equal Rights Amendment. It was not ratified by the states. 1974 - The Viet Cong proposed a new truce with the U.S. and South Vietnam. The truce included general elections. 1975 - Walt Disney World Shopping Village opened. Disney movies, music and books 1977 - The Dutch Den Uyl government fell. 1977 - Comedienne Lily Tomlin made her debut on Broadway in "Lily Tomlin on Stage" in New York. 1977 - Indira Ghandi resigned as the prime minister of India. 1978 - Karl Wallenda, of the Flying Wallendas, fell to his death while walking a cable strung between to hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico. 1979 - The National Hockey League (NHL) voted to accept 4 WHA teams, the Oilers, Jets, Nordiques & Whalers. 1980 - People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) was founded by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco. 1981 - U.S. Postage rates went from 15-cents to 18-cents an ounce. 1981 - RCA put its Selectra Vision laser disc players on the market. 1981 - A group of twelve Green Berets arrived in El Salvador. This brought the total number of advisors to fifty-four. 1981 - The first Mongolian entered space aboard the Russian Soyuz 39. 1982 - The Space Shuttle Columbia was launched into orbit on mission STS-3. It was the third orbital flight for the Columbia. 1987 - A barge loaded with 32,000 tons of refuse left Islip, NY, to find a place to unload. After being refused by several states and three countries space was found back in Islip. 1988 - The Congress overrode U.S. President Reagan's veto of a sweeping civil rights bill. 1989 - Oliver North began two days of testimony at his Iran-Contra trial in Washington, DC. 1989 - The U.S. House Ways and Means Committee reported the class gap was widening. 1990 - A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, found Captain Hazelwood not guilty in the Valdez oil spill. 1991 - Pamela Smart, a high school teacher, was found guilty in New Hampshire of manipulating her student-lover to kill her husband. 1992 - A Fokker F-28 veered off a runway at New York's LaGuardia airport and into Flushing Bay, killing 27 people. 1993 - Cleveland Indians pitchers Steve Olin and Tim Crews were killed in a boating accident in Florida. Bob Ojeda was seriously injured in the accident. 1993 - Intel introduced the Pentium-processor (80586) 64 bits-60 MHz-100+ MIPS. 1995 - Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returned to Earth after setting a record for 438 days in space. 1997 - Tara Lipinski, at 14 years and 10 months, became the youngest women's world figure skating champion. 2002 - The U.S. Postal Rate Commission approved a request for a postal rate increase of first-class stamps from 34 cents to 37 cents by June 30. It was the first time a postal rate case was resolved through a settlement between various groups. The groups included the U.S. Postal Service, postal employees, mailer groups and competitors. 2002 - A collection of letters and cards sent by Princess Diana of Wales sold for $33,000. The letters and cards were written to a former housekeeper at Diana's teenage home.
1765 The Stamp Act was enacted on the American colonies by Britain. 1820 U.S. naval hero Stephen Decatur was killed in a duel with dishonored former Chesapeake captain James Barron. 1894 The first Stanley Cup championship game was played. The Montreal Amateur Athletic Association (which won the cup unchallenged the previous year) triumphed over the Ottawa Capitals. 1895 Auguste and Louis Lumiere first demonstrated motion pictures using celluloid film in Paris. 1945 The Arab League was formed in Cairo, by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. 1972 Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment and sent it to be ratified by the states. The amendment would fail to get the required 38 states to ratify it. 1997 Comet Hale-Bopp made its closest approach to Earth in the skies over the northern hemisphere. The comet’s next pass is predicted for the year 4397. 2012 Amadou Toumani Touré, The President of Mali, was ousted in a coup d'état.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar22.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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