http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 10, 1959: Rebellion in Tibet
On this day in 1959, Tibetans band together in revolt, surrounding the summer palace of the Dalai Lama in defiance of Chinese occupation forces.
China's occupation of Tibet began nearly a decade before, in October 1950, when troops from its People's Liberation Army (PLA) invaded the country, barely one year after the Communists gained full control of mainland China. The Tibetan government gave into Chinese pressure the following year, signing a treaty that ensured the power of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the country's spiritual leader, over Tibet's domestic affairs. Resistance to the Chinese occupation built steadily over the next several years, including a revolt in several areas of eastern Tibet in 1956. By December 1958, rebellion was simmering in Lhasa, the capital, and the PLA command threatened to bomb the city if order was not maintained.
The March 1959 uprising in Lhasa was triggered by fears of a plot to kidnap the Dalai Lama and take him to Beijing. When Chinese military officers invited His Holiness to visit the PLA headquarters for a theatrical performance and official tea, he was told he must come alone, and that no Tibetan military bodyguards or personnel would be allowed past the edges of the military camp. On March 10, 300,000 loyal Tibetans surrounded Norbulinka Palace, preventing the Dalai Lama from accepting the PLA's invitation. By March 17, Chinese artillery was aimed at the palace, and the Dalai Lama was evacuated to neighboring India. Fighting broke out in Lhasa two days later, with Tibetan rebels hopelessly outnumbered and outgunned. Early on March 21, the Chinese began shelling Norbulinka, slaughtering tens of thousands of men, women and children still camped outside. In the aftermath, the PLA cracked down on Tibetan resistance, executing the Dalai Lama’s guards and destroying Lhasa's major monasteries along with thousands of their inhabitants.
China's stranglehold on Tibet and its brutal suppression of separatist activity has continued in the decades following the unsuccessful uprising. Tens of thousands of Tibetans followed their leader to India, where the Dalai Lama has long maintained a government-in-exile in the foothills of the Himalayas.
Mar 10, 1945: The Firebombing of Tokyo continues
On March 10, 1945, 300 American bombers continue to drop almost 2,000 tons of incendiaries on Tokyo, Japan, in a mission that had begun the previous day. The attack destroyed large portions of the Japanese capital and killed 100,000 civilians.
In the closing months of the war, the United States had turned to incendiary bombing tactics against Japan, also known as "area bombing," in an attempt to break Japanese morale and force a surrender. The firebombing of Tokyo was the first major bombing operation of this sort against Japan.
Early in the morning, the B-29s dropped their bombs of napalm and magnesium incendiaries over the packed residential districts along the Sumida River in eastern Tokyo. The conflagration quickly engulfed Tokyo's wooden residential structures, and the subsequent firestorm replaced oxygen with lethal gases, superheated the atmosphere, and caused hurricane-like winds that blew a wall of fire across the city. The majority of the 100,000 who perished died from carbon monoxide poisoning and the sudden lack of oxygen, but others died horrible deaths within the firestorm, such as those who attempted to find protection in the Sumida River and were boiled alive, or those who were trampled to death in the rush to escape the burning city. As a result of the attack, 10 square miles of eastern Tokyo were entirely obliterated, and an estimated 250,000 buildings were destroyed.
During the next nine days, U.S. bombers flew similar missions against Nagoya, Osaka, and Kobe. In August, U.S. atomic attacks against Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally forced Japan's hand.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands -
The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
418 - Jews are excluded from public office in the Roman
Empire
1535 - Bishop Tomés de Berlanga discovers Galapagos Islands
1578 - Queen Elizabeth I gives Johan Casimir £20,000 to aid
Dutch rebellion
1624 - England declares war on Spain
1629 - King Charles I dissolved Parliament; he called it
back 11 years later
1661 - French King Louis XIV ends office of premier
1681 - English Quaker William Penn receives charter from
Charles II, making him sole proprietor of colonial American territory
Pennsylvania
1734 - Spanish army under Don Carlos (III) draws into Naples
1735 - An agreement between Nadir Shah and Paul I of Russia
is signed near Ganja and Russian troops are withdrawn from Baku.
1762 - French Huguenot Jean Calas, who was wrongly convicted
of killing his son, dies after being tortured by authorities; the event
inspired Voltaire to begin a campaign for religious tolerance and legal reform
1789 - Franklin College founded
1791 - John Stone, Concord, Mass, patents a pile driver
1791 - Pope condemns France's Civil Constitution of the
clergy
1801 - First census in Great Britain
1830 - The KNIL also known as the Royal Netherlands East
Indies Army is created.
1831 - The French Foreign Legion is established by King
Louis-Philippe to support his war in Algeria.
1847 - 1st money minted in Hawaii
1849 - Abraham Lincoln applies for a patent; only US
president to do so
US President Abraham LincolnUS President Abraham Lincoln
1861 - El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou, destroying the Bambara
Empire of Mali.
1862 - Great Britain & France recognizes independence of
Zanzibar
1862 - US issues 1st paper money ($5, $10, $20, $50, $100,
$500 & $1000)
1864 - Grant is named commander of the Union armies
1864 - Red River campaign LA
1865 - Battle of Monroe's Crossroads, NC
1874 - Purdue University (Indiana) admits it's 1st student
1876 - 1st telephone call made (Alexander Graham Bell to
Thomas Watson)
1880 - General Wolseley opens new legislative council in
Pretoria
1880 - Salvation Army of England sets up US welfare &
religious activity
1888 - 1st performance of Caesar Franck's "Psyche"
1888 - HW Boxing champ John L Sullivan draws Charlie
Mitchell in 30 rounds
1891 - Almon Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas,
patents the strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone
circuit switching.
1893 - Ivory Coast becomes a French colony
1893 - New Mexico State University cancels it's 1st
graduation ceremony, its only graduate Sam Steele was robbed & killed the
night before
Inventor Alexander Graham BellInventor Alexander Graham Bell
1896 - Bronx acquires O'Brien Square
1896 - Charilaos Vasilakos of Greece wins 1st modern
marathon in 3:18 [OS]
1896 - After Bob Fitzsimmons KOs much larger Jim Corbett to
win world HW championship he says, "The bigger they are, the harder they
fall"
1900 - Battle at Driefontein, South-Africa (Boers vs British
army)
1902 - Earthquake destroys Turkish city of Tochangri
1902 - A United States court of appeals rules that Thomas
Edison did not invent the movie camera.
1903 - Harry Gammeter, Cleveland, patents multigraph
duplicating machine
1903 - Stanley Cup: Ottawa Silver 7 sweep Montreal AAA in 2
games
1905 - Japanese Army captures Mukden (Shenyang)
1905 - Eleftherios Venizelos asks the independence of Crete
and its union with Greece again, starting the Cretan Revolution in Theriso.
1906 - 1st performance of Maurice Ravel's
"Sonatine"
1906 - Coal dust explosion kills 1,060 at Courrieres France
1906 - London Underground opens Bakeroo line (Baker Street
to Waterloo Line)
1909 - Jack Johnson fights Victor McLaglen to no decision in
6 for box title
1910 - China ends slavery
Inventor Thomas EdisonInventor Thomas Edison 1910 - Pittsburgh
Courier, begins publishing
1913 - Stanley Cup: Quebec Bulldogs sweep Sydney (NS)
Millionaires in 2 games
1913 - William Knox, becomes 1st in American Bowling
Congress to bowl 300
1914 - Suffragettes in London damages painter Rokeby's Venus
of Velasquez
1915 - British expedition Army in Belgium captures Neuve
Chapelle
1917 - Batangas was formally founded as one of the
Philippines's earliest encomiendas.
1920 - NHL's Quebec Bulldog Jim Malone scores 6 goals vs
Ottawa Senators
1922 - KLZ-AM in Denver CO begins radio transmissions
1922 - State of siege proclaimed during mine strike
Johannesburg South Africa
1925 - Walter Mittelholzer is 1st to flies over Demawend
mountain, Iran
1926 - Run on Belgian banks
1927 - Albania mobilize by threat of Serbian, Croatian &
Slovenes
1927 - Bavaria lifts ban on Hitler's speeches
1931 - British Labour party removes fascist sir Oswald
Mosley
1933 - Major earthquake in Long Beach, Calif
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1933 - Nevada becomes 1st US state to regulate narcotics
1934 - Longest undefeated streak in Toronto Maple Leaf
history (18 games)
1934 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Suzanne
Davis
1934 - US Mens Figure Skating championship won by Roger
Turner
1939 - 17 villages damaged by hailstones in Hyderabad India
1940 - 1st US opera telecast, W2XBS, NYC, I Pagliacci
1941 - Lee MacPhail, Dodger GM predicts all players will
wear batting helmets
1944 - U-575 sinks HMS Asphodel
1945 - Germany blows-up Wessel Bridge on Rhine
1945 - Japan declares Vietnam Independence
1945 - Patton's 3rd Army makes contact with Hodge's 1st Army
1945 - Tokyo in fire after night time B-29 bombing
1945 - US troops lands on Mindanao
1945 - The Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting
firestorm kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1946 - Train derailment kills 185 near Aracaju Brazil
US General George S. PattonUS General George S. Patton 1948
- 1st civilian to exceed speed of sound-Herb H Hoover, Edwards AFB Ca
1949 - Detroit Tiger pitcher Art Houtteman is critically
injured in an auto accident but recovers to win 15 games in 1949
1951 - "Where's Charley?" closes at Broadway
Theater NYC after 56 perfs
1951 - FBI director J. Edgar Hoover declines post of
baseball commissioner
1952 - Military coup led by General Fulgencio Batista in
Cuba
1956 - General strike in Cyprus protesting exile of
archbishop Makarios
1956 - Peter Twiss sets new world air record 1,132 mph
(1,823 kph)
1957 - Thousands of soccer fans riot in Italy
1959 - Dorothy Comiskey Rigney, sells 54% of White Sox to
Bill Veeck
1959 - Tennessee Williams' "Sweet Bird of Youth,"
premieres in NYC
1959 - Uprising against Chinese occupation force in Lhasa
Tibet
1960 - USSR agrees to stop nuclear testing
1962 - Due to it's no black policy, Phillies leave Jack Tar
Harrison Hotel & move to Rocky Point Motel, 20 miles outside Clearwater,
Florida
1963 - Pete Rose debuts with hits in his 2 1st at bats in
spring training
1963 - Wilt Chamberlain of NBA SF Warriors scores 70 points
vs Syracuse
Playwright Tennessee WilliamsPlaywright Tennessee Williams
1964 - US reconnaissance plane shot down over East Germany
1965 - Dutch Princess Margriet & Pieter van Vollenhoven,
get engaged
1966 - 5 time Horse of the Year, Kelso, retires
1966 - North Vietnamese capture US Green Beret Camp at Ashau
Valley
1969 - James Earl Ray pleads guilty in murder of Martin
Luther King Jr
1970 - Barbra Streisand records "The Singer" &
"I Can Do It"
1970 - South Africa complete 4-0 series drubbing of Australia
1971 - Senate approves amendment lowering voting age to 18
1972 - 1st black US political convention opens (Gary
Indiana)
1972 - Gen Lon Nol becomes pres & prince Sirik Matak
premier of Cambodia
1972 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk
USSR
1973 - BPAA US Open by Mike McGrath
1973 - Morocco adopts constitution
1974 - "Sextet" closes at Bijou Theater NYC after
9 performances
1974 - Carol Mann wins LPGA S&H Green Stamp Golf Classic
Singer-songwriter & Actress Barbra StreisandSinger-songwriter
& Actress Barbra Streisand 1974 - Christian Democrats win Belgium
parliamentary election
1974 - Lawrence Rowe completes 302 v Eng Bridgetown, 36
fours 1 six
1975 - "Rocky Horror Show" opens at Belasco
Theater NYC for 45 performances
1975 - Dog spectacles patented in England
1975 - Sanyo Shinkansen open between Osaka and Fukuoka.
1977 - Rings of Uranus discovered during occulation of SAO
1978 - Soyuz 28 returns to Earth
1980 - Willard Scott becomes the weather forcaster on the
Today Show
1982 - President Reagan proclaims economic sanctions against
Libya
1982 - Salim Malik scores 100 in 2nd inning of Test Cricket
debut (v SL)
1982 - Sygyzy: all 9 planets aligned on same side of Sun
1982 - Travis Jackson & Happy Chandler elected to Hall
of Fame
1982 - The United States places an embargo on Libyan
petroleum imports because of their support of terrorist groups.
1983 - Walter Alston, Dodgers manager, elected to Hall of
Fame
1984 - Heavyweight Tim Witherspoon KOs Greg Page
US President & Actor Ronald ReaganUS President &
Actor Ronald Reagan 1985 - Bonnie Lauer wins Uniden LPGA Golf Invitational
1985 - Dallas Maverick coach Dick Motta is 4th NBA coach to
win 700 games
1985 - French socialists lose election (National Front 9%)
1985 - Ice Pairs Championship at Tokyo won by Elena Valova
& O Vasiliev (URS)
1985 - India beat Pakistan to win "World Championship
of Cricket"
1985 - Mens Figure Skating Championship in Tokyo won by
Alexandr Fadeev (URS)
1986 - Ernie Lombardi, NL MVP in 1938, & Bobby Doerr,
elected to Hall of Fame
1987 - Vatican formal opposition to test-tube fertilization
& embryo transfer
1988 - Avalanche at Swiss Ski resort "Klosters"
nearly kills Prince Charles
1988 - NY Islanders celebrate Mike Bossy night
1990 - 4th American Comedy Award: When Harry Met Sally
1990 - Ice Dance Championship at Halifax won by Klimova
& Ponomarenko (URS)
1990 - Ice Pairs Championship at Halifax won by Gordeeva
& Grinkov (URS)
1990 - Ladies Figure Skating Champions in Halifax won by
Jill Trenary (USA)
1990 - Lt Gen Avril resigns as pres of Haiti
1990 - Mens Figure Skating Championship in Halifax won by
Kurt Browning (CAN)
1990 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1991 - Eddie Sutton is 1st NCAA coach to lead 4 schools into
playoffs
1991 - Laura Davies wins LPGA Inamori Golf Classic
1991 - Marc Girardelli of Luxembourg clinches his 4th slalom
World Cup
1991 - Merlene Ottey runs world record 200 m indoor (22.24
sec)
1991 - Rico Lieder/Jens Carlowitz/Karsten Just/Thomas
Schonlebe walk 4x400m indoor world record (3:03.05)
1992 - 6th Soul Train Music Awards: Natalie Cole & Color
Me Badd win
1992 - Sandra Seuser/Katrin Schreiter/Annet Hesselbarth/Grit
Breuer walk female indoor world record 4x400m (3:27.22)
1994 - 1 million Greeks attend Melina Mercouri's funeral
1995 - Car bomb explodes in Karachi at shite mosque, 17+
killed
1995 - Chiel Meijering's "St Louis Blues,"
premieres in Arnhem
1995 - Dow-Jones hits record 4035.64
Actor Tom HanksActor Tom Hanks 1996 - 22nd People's Choice
Awards: Apollo 13, Tom Hanks wins
1996 - NYC Mayor Guiliani visits Israel
2000 - The NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaks at
5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
2006 - The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter arrives at Mars.
2006 - Mass unrest by the PCC started in São Paulo (the
biggest city in Brazil) which would eventually kill more than 152 people.
2012 - At least 130 rockets are fired into Israel from Gaza
2013 - Aung San Suu Kyi is re-elected leader of the Burmese
National League for Democracy
0241 BC - The Roman fleet sank 50 Carthaginian ships in the Battle of Aegusa. 0049 BC - Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon and invaded Italy. 1496 - Christopher Columbus concluded his second visit to the Western Hemisphere when he left Hispaniola for Spain. 1629 - England's King Charles I dissolved Parliament and did not call it back for 11 years. 1656 - In the American colony of Virginia, suffrage was extended to all free men regardless of their religion. 1776 - "Common Sense" by Thomas Paine was published. 1785 - Thomas Jefferson was appointed minister to France. He succeeded Benjamin Franklin. 1792 - John Stone patented the pile driver. 1804 - The formal ceremonies transferring the Louisiana Purchase from France to the U.S. took place in St. Louis. 1806 - The Dutch in Cape Town, South Africa surrendered to the British. 1814 - In France, Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by a combined Allied Army at the battle of Laon. 1848 - The U.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war with Mexico. 1849 - Abraham Lincoln applied for a patent for a device to lift vessels over shoals by means of inflated cylinders. 1864 - Ulysses S. Grant became commander of the Union armies in the U.S. Civil War. 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell made the first successful call with the telephone. He spoke the words "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you." 1880 - The Salvation Army arrived in the U.S. from England. 1893 - New Mexico State University canceled its first graduation ceremony because the only graduate was robbed and killed the night before. 1894 - New York Gov. Roswell P. Flower signed the nation's first dog-licensing law. 1902 - The Boers of South Africa scored their last victory over the British, when they captured British General Methuen and 200 men. 1902 - Tochangri, Turkey, was entirely wiped out by an earthquake. 1902 - U.S. Attorney General Philander Knox announced that a suit was being brought against Morgan and Harriman's Northern Securities Company. The suit was enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Northern Securities loss in court was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court on March 14, 1904. 1903 - Harry C. Gammeter patented the multigraph duplicating machine. 1903 - In New York's harbor, the disease-stricken ship Karmania was quarantined with six dead from cholera. 1906 - In France, 1,200 miners were buried in an explosion at Courrieres. 1909 - Britain extracted territorial concessions from Siam and Malaya. 1910 - Slavery was abolished in China. 1912 - China became a republic after the overthrow of the Manchu Ch'ing Dynasty. 1913 - William Knox rolled the first perfect 300 game in tournament competition. 1924 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld a New York state law forbidding late-night work for women. 1927 - Prussia lifted its Nazi ban allowing Adolf Hitler to speak in public. 1933 - Nevada became the first U.S. state to regulate drugs. 1940 - W2XBS-TV in New York City aired the first televised opera as it presented scenes from "I Pagliacci". 1941 - The Brooklyn Dodgers announced that their players would begin wearing batting helmets during the 1941 season. 1941 - Vichy France threatened to use its navy unless Britain allowed food to reach France. 1944 - The Irish refused to oust all Axis envoys and denied the accusation of spying on Allied troops. 1945 - American B-29 bombers attacked Tokyo, Japan, 100,000 were killed. 1947 - The Big Four met in Moscow to discuss the future of Germany. 1947 - Poland and Czechoslovakia signed a 20-year mutual aid pact. 1949 - Nazi wartime broadcaster Mildred E. Gillars, also known as "Axis Sally," was convicted in Washington, DC. Gillars was convicted of treason and served 12 years in prison. 1953 - North Korean gunners at Wonsan fired upon the USS Missouri. The ship responded by firing 998 rounds at the enemy position. 1955 - The last broadcast of "The Silver Eagle" was heard on radio. 1956 - Julie Andrews at the age of 23 made her TV debut in "High Tor" with Bing Crosby and Nancy Olson. 1959 - "Sweet Bird of Youth", a play by Tennessee Williams, opened in New York City. 1965 - Walter Matthau and Art Carney opened in "The Odd Couple". It later became a hit on television. 1966 - The North Vietnamese captured a Green Beret camp at Ashau Valley. 1966 - France withdrew from NATO's military command to protest U.S. dominance of the alliance and asked NATO to move its headquarters from Paris. 1969 - James Earl Ray pled guilty in Memphis, TN, to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Ray later repudiated the guilty plea and maintained his innocence until his death in April of 1998. 1971 - The U.S. Senate approved an amendment to lower the voting age to 18. 1975 - The North Vietnamese Army attacked the South Vietnamese town of Ban Me Thout. 1980 - Iran's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, lent his support to the militants holding American hostages in Tehran. 1981 - The U.S. Postal Service announced an increase in first class postage from 15 to 18 cents. 1982 - The U.S. banned Libyan oil imports due to their continued support of terrorism. 1986 - The Wrigley Company, of Chicago, raised the price of its seven-stick pack of Wrigley’s chewing gum from a quarter to 30 cents. 1987 - The Vatican condemned surrogate parenting as well as test-tube and artificial insemination. 1990 - Haitian President Prosper Avril was ousted 18 months after seizing power in a coup. 1991 - "Phase Echo" began. It was the operation to withdraw 540,000 U.S. troops from the Persian Gulf region. 1994 - White House officials began testifying before a federal grand jury about the Whitewater controversy. 1995 - U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher told Yasser Arafat that he must do more to curb Palestinian terrorists. 1998 - U.S. troops in the Persian Gulf began receiving the first vaccinations against anthrax. 2002 - The Associated Press reported that the Pentagon informed the U.S. Congress in January that it was making contingency plans for the possible use of nuclear weapons against countries that threaten the U.S. with weapons of mass destruction, including Iraq and North Korea. 2003 - North Korea test-fired a short-range missile. The event was one of several in a patter of unusual military maneuvers.
1629 Charles I of England dissolves Parliament and rules alone for 11 years. 1785 Thomas Jefferson is appointed minister to France. 1848 Congress ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the Mexican War. 1864 U. S. Grant became commander of the Union armies during the Civil War. 1876 The first telephone call ("Mr. Watson, come here. I want you.") was made by Alexander Graham Bell. 1948 The body of Jan Masaryk, Czechoslovakia's anti-Communist foreign minister was found. Officially a suicide, the real cause of death has never been proven. 1969 James Earl Ray was sentenced in Memphis, Tennessee, to 99 years in prison for the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr., in April 1968.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar10.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
No comments:
Post a Comment