http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 13, 1865: Confederacy approves black soldiers
On this day in 1865, with the main Rebel armies facing long odds against must larger Union armies, the Confederacy, in a desperate measure, reluctantly approves the use of black troops.
The situation was bleak for the Confederates in the spring of 1865. The Yankees had captured large swaths of Southern territory, General William T. Sherman's Union army was tearing through the Carolinas, and General Robert E. Lee was trying valiantly to hold the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, against General Ulysses S. Grant's growing force. Lee and Confederate President Jefferson Davis had only two options. One was for Lee to unite with General Joseph Johnston's army in the Carolinas and use the combined force to take on Sherman and Grant one at a time. The other option was to arm slaves, the last source of fresh manpower in the Confederacy.
The idea of enlisting blacks had been debated for some time. Arming slaves was essentially a way of setting them free, since they could not realistically be sent back to plantations after they had fought. General Patrick Cleburne had suggested enlisting slaves a year before, but few in the Confederate leadership considered the proposal, since slavery was the foundation of Southern society. One politician asked, "What did we go to war for, if not to protect our property?" Another suggested, "If slaves will make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong." Lee weighed in on the issue and asked the Confederate government for help. "We must decide whether slavery shall be extinguished by our enemies and the slaves be used against us, or use them ourselves." Lee asked that the slaves be freed as a condition of fighting, but the bill that passed the Confederate Congress on March 13, 1865, did not stipulate freedom for those who served.
The measure did nothing to stop the destruction of the Confederacy. Several thousand blacks were enlisted in the Rebel cause, but they could not begin to balance out the nearly 200,000 blacks who fought for the Union.
Mar 13, 1781: William Hershel discovers Uranus
The German-born English astronomer William Hershel discovers Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun. Herschel's discovery of a new planet was the first to be made in modern times, and also the first to be made by use of a telescope, which allowed Herschel to distinguish Uranus as a planet, not a star, as previous astronomers believed.
Herschel, who was later knighted for his historic discovery, named the planet Georgium Sidus, or the "Georgian Planet," in honor of King George III of England. However, German astronomer Johann Bode proposed the name "Uranus" for the celestial body in order to conform to the classical mythology-derived names of other known planets. Uranus, the ancient Greek deity of the heavens, was a predecessor of the Olympian gods. By the mid-19th century, it was also the generally accepted name of the seventh planet from the sun.
The planet Uranus is a gas giant like Jupiter and Saturn and is made up of hydrogen, helium, and methane. The third largest planet, Uranus orbits the sun once every 84 earth years and is the only planet to spin perpendicular to its solar orbital plane. In January 1986, the unmanned U.S. spacecraft Voyager 2 visited the planet, discovering 10 additional moons to the five already known, and a system of faint rings around the gas giant.
Mar 13, 1881: Czar Alexander II assassinated
Czar Alexander II, the ruler of Russia since 1855, is killed in the streets of St. Petersburg by a bomb thrown by a member of the revolutionary "People's Will" group. The People's Will, organized in 1879, employed terrorism and assassination in their attempt to overthrow Russia's czarist autocracy. They murdered officials and made several attempts on the czar's life before finally assassinating him on March 13, 1881.
As czar, Alexander did much to liberalize and modernize Russia, including the abolishment of serfdom in 1861. However, when his authority was challenged, he turned repressive, and he vehemently opposed movements for political reform. Ironically, on the very day he was killed, he signed a proclamation--the so-called Loris-Melikov constitution--that would have created two legislative commissions made up of indirectly elected representatives.
He was succeeded by his 36-year-old son, Alexander III, who rejected the Loris-Melikov constitution. Alexander II's assassins were arrested and hanged, and the People's Will was thoroughly suppressed. The peasant revolution advocated by the People's Will was achieved by Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik revolutionaries in 1917.
Mar 13, 1961: Kennedy proposes Alliance for Progress
President John F. Kennedy proposes a 10-year, multibillion-dollar aid program for Latin America. The program came to be known as the Alliance for Progress and was designed to improve U.S. relations with Latin America, which had been severely damaged in recent years.
When Kennedy became president in 1961, U.S. relations with Latin America were at an all-time low. The Latin American republics were disappointed with U.S. economic assistance after World War II. They argued that they had supported America during the war by increasing their production of vital raw materials and keeping their prices low--when the United States began massive aid programs to Europe and Japan after the war, Latin American nations protested that they also deserved economic assistance. Their anger was apparent during Vice President Richard Nixon's trip through the region in 1958, when a mob attacked his car at a stop in Caracas.
More troubling to American officials was the threat of communism in Latin America. In 1954, the Central Intelligence Agency had funded and supplied a revolution that overthrew the leftist government of Guatemala. In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba and by 1961, the United States had severed relations with his government. In response to these developments, Kennedy made his plea for the Alliance for Progress. In requesting funds from Congress, the president stressed the need for improved literacy, land use, industrial productivity, health, and education in Latin America. The United States needed to help Latin America, where "millions of men and women suffer the daily degradations of hunger and poverty" and "discontent is growing." The United States would provide money, expertise, and technology to raise the standard of living for the people of Latin America, which would hopefully make the countries stronger and better able to resist communist influences.
In response to Kennedy's plea, Congress voted for an initial grant of $500 million in May 1961. During the next 10 years, billions were spent on the Alliance, but its success was marginal and there were many reasons that the program was ultimately a failure. American congressmen were reluctant to provide funds for land redistribution programs in Latin America because they felt it smacked of socialism. Latin American elites directed most of the funds into pet projects that enriched themselves but did little to help the vast majority of their people. The Alliance certainly failed in its effort to bring democracy to Latin America: by the time the program faded away in the early-1970s, 13 governments in Latin America had been replaced by military rule.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
483 - St Felix III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
607 - 12th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet
1138 - German king Koenraad II von Hohenstaufen crowned
1519 - Cortez lands in Mexico
1560 - Spanish fleet occupies Djerba, at Tripoli
1564 - Cardinal Granvelle flees Brussels
1567 - Battle at Oosterweel: Spanish troops destroy
Geuzenleger
1569 - Battle of Jarnac, Count of Anjou defeats Huguenots
1591 - Battle at Tondibi: Moroccans army under Judar beats
sultan Askia Ishaq II of Songhai
1634 - Academie Francaise opens
1639 - Cambridge College renamed Harvard for clergyman John
Harvard
1656 - Jews are denied the right to build a synagogue in New
Amsterdam
1677 - Massachusetts gains title to Maine for $6,000
1735 - 1st US Moravian bishop, David Nitschmann, consecrated
in Germany
1759 - 27th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet
1772 - Gotthold Lessing's "Emilia Calotti,"
premieres in Brunswick
1781 - Sir William Herschel sees "comet" (really
discovered Uranus)
1790 - John Martin, 1st American-born actor, performs in
Philadelphia
1797 - Cherubini's opera "Medée," premieres in
Paris
Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1835 -
Charles Darwin departs Valparaiso for Andes crossing
1846 - Friedrich Hebbel's "Maria Magdalena,"
premieres in Königsberg
1852 - Uncle Sam cartoon figure made its debut in the NY
Lantern weekly
1865 - Jefferson Davis signs bill authorizing use of slaves
as soldiers
1865 - US Confederate Congress calls on black slaves for
field service
1868 - Senate begins US President Andrew Johnson's
impeachment trial
1869 - Arkansas legislature passes anti-Klan law
1878 - Oxford defeats Cambridge in their 1st golf match
1884 - Siege of Khartoum Sudan begins
1884 - US adopts Standard Time
1887 - Chester Greenwood of Maine patents earmuffs
1888 - Great Blizzard of 1888 rages
1894 - J L Johnstone of England invents horse racing
starting gate
1897 - San Diego State University is founded.
1900 - British troops occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State
1900 - In France the length of the workday for women and
children is limited to 11 hours by law.
1904 - Bronze statue of Christ on Argentine-Chilian border
dedicated
1911 - Ivan Caryll's musical "Pink Lady,"
premieres in NYC
1911 - Stanley Cup: Ottawa Senators beat Galt (Ont), 7-4
1912 - Stanley Cup: Quebec Bulldogs sweep Moncton (NB) in 2
games
1913 - Kansas legislature approved censorship of motion
pictures
1915 - Dodgers manager Wilbert Robinson tries to catch a
baseball dropped from an airplane, but the pilot substituted a grapefruit
1918 - American Red Magen David (Jewish Red Cross) forms
1918 - 1st NHL championship: Mont Canadiens beat Toronto
Arenas, outscoring them 10-7 in a 2 game set
1920 - Wolfgang Kapp's coup attempt in Berlin fails
1921 - Mongolia (formerly Outer Mongolia) declares independence
from China
Playwright George Bernard ShawPlaywright George Bernard Shaw
1922 - George Bernard Shaws "Back to Methusaleh V," premieres in NYC
1922 - WRR-AM in Dallas TX begins radio transmissions
1922 - NHL Championship: Ottawa Senators outscore Toronto St
Pats, 5 to 4, in 2 games
1923 - Lee de Forest demonstrates his sound-on-film moving
pictures (NYC)
1924 - German Republic day
1925 - NHL Championship: Montreal Canadiens sweep Toronto
Arenas in 2 games
1925 - Tennessee makes it unlawful to teach evolution
1928 - Rudolph Friml's musical "Three Musketeers,"
premieres in NYC
1929 - Bradman scores 123 Aust v England at MCG, his 2nd
Test Cricket ton
1930 - Clyde Tombaugh announces discovery of Pluto at Lowell
Observatory
1933 - Banks reopen
1933 - Joseph Goebbels becomes German Minister of
Information and Propaganda within Nazi Reich
1935 - Driving tests introduced in Great Britain
1938 - Anschluá-Austria annexed by Nazi Germany
1938 - World News Roundup is broadcast for the first time on
CBS Radio in the United States.
Nazi Minister of Propaganda and Information Joseph
GoebbelsNazi Minister of Propaganda and Information Joseph Goebbels 1940 -
Finland-Russian cease fire signed, Finland gives up Karelische
1940 - The Russo-Finnish Winter War ends.
1941 - A Bougne forms AGRA (Amis du Grand Reich Allemand)
1942 - Julia Flikke, Nurse Corps, becomes 1st woman colonel
in US army
1943 - Baseball approves official ball (with cork &
balata)
1943 - Failed assassin attempt on Hitler during
Smolensk-Rastenburg flight
1943 - Frank Dixon wins Knights of Columbus mile (4:09.6)
1944 - USSR recognizes Italian Badoglio government
1945 - Queen Wilhelmina returns to Netherlands
1945 - Sicherheitsdienst arrest Dutch resistance fighter
Henry Werkman
1947 - "Brigadoon" opens at Ziegfeld Theater NYC
for 581 performances
1947 - 19th Academy Awards - "Best Years of
Lives," De Havilland, March win
1948 - 10th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Kentucky
beats Baylor 58-42
1949 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Yvonne C
Sherman
1949 - US Mens Figure Skating championship won by Richard
Button
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1950 - General Motors reports net earnings of $656,434,232
(record)
1951 - 2nd Dutch government of Drees forms
1951 - Israel demands DM 6.2 billion compensation from
Germany
1954 - Braves' Bobby Thomson breaks his ankle, he is
replaced by Hank Aaron
1954 - Viet Minh General Giap opens assault on That Bien Phu
1955 - Bir BSD Mahendra succeeds Tribhubana as king of Nepal
1955 - Patty Berg wins LPGA Titleholders Golf Championship
1956 - NZ bowl out WI for 77 at Eden Park to score their 1st
Test Cricket win
1957 - Bloody battles after anti-Batista demonstration in
Havana Cuba
1958 - Government troops land in Sumatra Indonesia
1960 - Fay Crocker wins LPGA Titleholders Golf Championship
1960 - NFL's Chicago Cardinals moves to St Louis
1960 - White Sox unveil new road uniforms with players'
names above number
1961 - Elizabeth Gurley Finn (70) becomes pres of US
Communist Party
1961 - Floyd Patterson KOs Ingemar Johansson in 6 for
heavyweight boxing title
US President John F. KennedyUS President John F. Kennedy
1961 - JFK sets up the Alliance for Progress
1961 - Landslide in USSR, kills 145
1961 - Old type, black & white notes cease to be legal
tender
1962 - Yugoslavia grants 1,000 prisoners amnesty
1963 - 2 Russian reconnaissance flights over Alaska
1963 - Hindemith & Wilder's opera "Long Christmas
Dinner," premieres in NYC
1963 - Indonesia & Netherlands recover diplomatic
relations
1964 - Turkey threatens Cyprus with armed attack
1965 - Beatles' "Eight Days a Week," single goes
#1 & stays #1 for 2 weeks
1965 - Jeff Beck replaces Eric Clapton of the Yardbirds
1966 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Lagunita Golf Invitational
1967 - Congo sentences ex-premier Moise Tsjombe to death
1967 - Robert Anderson's "You Know I Can't Hear You
...," premieres in NYC
1968 - Beatles release "Lady Madonna" in the UK
1969 - Apollo 9 returns to Earth
Cuban President and Dictator Fulgencio BatistaCuban
President and Dictator Fulgencio Batista 1970 - 100 year Beehive anniversary
ends in brawl in Amsterdam
1970 - Digital Equipment Corp introduces PDP-11 minicomputer
1970 - SF city employees begin 4-day strike
1971 - Live at Fillmore East recorded
1973 - Syria adopts constitution
1973 - "Irene" opens at Minskoff Theater NYC for
605 performances
1973 - Minskoff Theater opens at 200 W 45th St NYC
1974 - Glenn Turner scores twin tons for NZ's 1st win
against Aust
1975 - Bernard Slade's "Same Time, Next Year,"
premieres in NYC
1977 - Dennis Lillee takes 6-26, England all out 95 in
Centenary Test
1978 - Moluccans "suicide commandos" occupies
Province house
1979 - European Monetary System is established, ECU created
1979 - Gairy dictatorship in Grenada overthrown by New Jewel
Movement
1979 - Isle's Mike Bossy's 5th career hat trick
1980 - Eric Heiden skates world record 1000m (1:13.60)
1980 - Ford Motor Co found innocent in death of 3 women in a
fiery Pinto
1980 - Men's Figure Skating Championship in Dortmund won by
Jan Hoffmann GDR
1981 - NCAA St Joseph's upsets top seed DePaul
1982 - Ice Dance Championship at Copenhagen won by Torvill
& Dean (GRB)
1982 - Ice Pairs Championship at Copenhagen won by Baess
& Thierbach (GDR)
1982 - Men's Fig Skating Champions in Copenhagen won by
Scott Hamilton (USA)
1982 - Worlds Ladies Fig Skate Champs in Copenhagen won by
Elaine Zayak (USA)
1982 - Elaine Zayak, lands 6 triple jumps to win world
skating championship
1983 - "Woman of the Year" closes at Palace
Theater NYC after 770 perfs
1983 - 1st USFL overtime game-Birmingham Stallions beat
Oakld Invaders 20-14
1984 - Last day of 1st-class cricket for G Chappell, R
Marsh, B Laird
1984 - WA beat Queensland by four wickets to win the
Sheffield Shield
1985 - Funeral services held for Konstantin Chernenko
(Moscow)
1985 - Michael Secrest (US) begins 24-hr ride of 516 miles,
427 yards
1986 - Soyuz T-15 carries 2 cosmonauts to Soviet space
station Mir
1986 - Microsoft has its Initial public offering.
1987 - Ice Dance Championship at Cincinnati won by
Bestemianova & Bukin (URS)
1987 - John Gotti is acquitted of racketeering
1987 - Washington Caps score 5 goals against Toronto in 3
mins & 3 secs
Actor/Comedian Bill CosbyActor/Comedian Bill Cosby 1988 -
14th People's Choice Awards: Fatal Attraction, Bill Cosby. win
1989 - 27th shuttle, Discovery 8, launched, 1st woman to do
the countdown
1989 - FDA orders recall of all Chilean fruit in US
1989 - US space shuttle STS-29 launched
1990 - Nicholoas Braithwaite elected premier of Grenada
1991 - Exxon pays $1-billion dollars in fines & cleanup
of Valdez oil spill
1992 - FCC rules companies can own 30 AM & 30 FM
stations (formerly 12)
1992 - Martina Navratilova & Judy Nelson settle their
galamony suit
1992 - An earthquake registering 6.8 on the Richter scale
kills over 500 in Erzincan, eastern Turkey.
1993 - Blizzard of '93 hits north-east US
1994 - 33.3% of Austria votes for ultra-right Freedom Party
1994 - Donna Andrews wins LPGA Ping Welch's Golf
Championship
1994 - Oil tank/airship crash at Bosporus (huge fire/15+
killed)
1994 - President Mangope of Bophuthaswana deposed
1995 - 9th Soul Train Music Awards: Boyz II Men, Anita Baker
win
Tennis Player Martina NavratilovaTennis Player Martina
Navratilova 1995 - Anti fascist Kazachstan anti-parliament forms
1995 - Hungarian Forint devalued 9%
1995 - Istanbul police shoot dead 16 Alawitische
demonstrators
1996 - Sri Lanka beat India in World Cup semi as riots stop
play
1996 - Thomas Hamilton kills 16 kindergardeners, their
teacher & himself
1996 - Dunblane massacre: in Dunblane, Scotland, 16 children
and 1 teacher are shot dead by a spree killer who then commits suicide.
1997 - India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister
Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.
1997 - The Phoenix lights were seen over Phoenix, Arizona by
hundreds of people, and by millions on television. They are now a hotly debated
controversy.
2003 - Human evolution: The journal Nature reports that
350,000-year-old footprints of an upright-walking human have been found in
Italy.
2005 - Terry Ratzmann shoots and kills six members of the
Living Church of God and the minister at Sheraton Inn in Brookfield, Wisconsin
before killing himself.
2008 - Gold prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange hit
$1,000.00 an ounce for the first time.
2012 - 19 people are shot dead in a bus attack in Ethiopia
2012 - Encyclopedia Britannica announces that it will no
longer public printed versions of its encyclopedia
2012 - 110 people are killed and 63 are missing after a
ferry collides with an oil tanker near Dhaka, Bangladesh
2012 - 28 people, including 22 children, are killed in a
motorway bus crash near Sierre, Switzerland
2013 - 10 people are killed by a suicide bombing in Kunduz
province, Afghanistan
2013 - The European Parliament rejects a European Union
budget for the first time
2013 - An Embraer 821 aeroplane crashes and kills 9 people
in Para, Brazil
2013 - North Korea shreds the Korean Armistice agreement
2013 - Aleqa Hammond’s Siumut party wins the Greenland
parliamentary elections
2013 - Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio is elected as the new
pope, taking the papal name Pope Francis
0483 - St. Felix III began his reign as Pope. 0607 - The 12th recorded passage of Halley's Comet occurred. 1519 - Cortez landed in Mexico. 1639 - Harvard University was named for clergyman John Harvard. 1660 - A statute was passed limiting the sale of slaves in the colony of Virginia. 1777 - The U.S. Congress ordered its European envoys to appeal to high-ranking foreign officers to send troops to reinforce the American army. 1781 - Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus. 1852 - The New York "Lantern" newspaper published the first "Uncle Sam cartoon". It was drawn by Frank Henry Bellew. 1861 - Jefferson Davis signed a bill authorizing slaves to be used as soldiers for the Confederacy. 1868 - The U.S. Senate began the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. 1877 - Chester Greenwood patented the earmuff. 1878 - The first collegiate golf match was played between Oxford and Cambridge. 1884 - Standard time was adopted throughout the U.S. 1900 - In South Africa, British Gen. Roberts took Bloemfontein. 1901 - Andrew Carnegie announced that he was retiring from business and that he would spend the rest of his days giving away his fortune. His net worth was estimated at $300 million. 1902 - In Poland, schools were shut down across the country when students refused to sing the Russian hymn "God Protect the Czar." 1902 - Andrew Carnegie approved 40 applications from libraries for donations. 1908 - The people of Jerusalem saw an automobile for the first time. The owner was Charles Glidden of Boston. 1911 - The U.S. Supreme Court approved corporate tax law. 1915 - The Germans repelled a British expeditionary force attack in France. 1918 - Women were scheduled to march in the St. Patrick's Day Parade in New York due to a shortage of men due to wartime. 1925 - A law in Tennessee prohibited the teaching of evolution. 1930 - It was announced that the planet Pluto had been discovered by scientist Clyde Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory. 1933 - U.S. banks began to re-open after a "holiday" that had been declared by President Roosevelt. 1935 - Three-thousand-year-old archives were found in Jerusalem confirming some biblical history. 1940 - The war between Russia and Finland ended with the signing of a treaty in Moscow. 1941 - Adolf Hitler issued an edict calling for an invasion of the U.S.S.R. 1942 - Julia Flikke of the Nurse Corps became the first woman colonel in the U.S. Army. 1943 - Japanese forces ended their attack on the American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville. 1946 - Reports from Iran indicated that Soviet tanks units were stationed 20 miles from Tehran. 1946 - Premier Tito seized wartime collaborator General Draja Mikhailovich in a cave in Yugoslavia. 1951 - Israel demanded $1.5 billion in German reparations for the cost of caring for war refugees. 1951 - The comic strip "Dennis the Menace" appeared for the first time in newspapers across the country. 1957 - Jimmy Hoffa was arrested by the FBI on bribery charges. 1963 - China invited Soviet President Khrushchev to visit Peking. 1969 - The Apollo 9 astronauts returned to Earth after the conclusion of a mission that included the successful testing of the Lunar Module. 1970 - Cambodia ordered Hanoi and Viet Cong troops to leave. 1970 - Digital Equipment Corp. introduced the PDP-11 minicomputer. 1972 - "The Merv Griffin Show" debuted in syndication for Metromedia Television. 1974 - The U.S. Senate voted 54-33 to restore the death penalty. 1974 - An embargo imposed by Arab oil-producing countries was lifted. 1980 - A jury in Winamac, IN, found Ford Motor Company innocent of reckless homicide in the deaths of three young women that had been riding in a Ford Pinto. 1988 - The board of trustees off Gallaudet University in Washington, DC, chose I. King Jordan to be its first deaf president. The college is a liberal arts college for the hearing-impaired. 1990 - The U.S. lifted economic sanctions against Nicaragua. 1991 - Exxon paid $1 billion in fines and for the clean-up of the Alaskan oil spill. 1995 - The first United Nations World Summit on Social Development concluded in Copenhagen, Denmark. 1997 - Sister Nirmala was chosen by India's Missionaries of Charity to succeed Mother Teresa as leader of the Catholic order. 2002 - Fox aired "Celebrity Boxing." Tonya Harding beat Paula Jones, Danny Banaduce beat Barry Williams and Todd Bridges defeated Vanilla Ice. 2003 - Japan sent a destroyer to the Sea of Japan amid reports that North Korea was planning to test an intermediate-range ballistic missile. 2003 - A report in the journal "Nature" reported that scientists had found 350,000-year-old human footprints in Italy. The 56 prints were made by three early, upright-walking humans that were descending the side of a volcano.
1639 Cambridge College was renamed Harvard University. 1781 The German-born English astronomer Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Georgium Sidus, later known as Uranus. 1852 "Uncle Sam" cartoon appeared for the first time in N.Y. Lantern weekly. 1868 The Senate began President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial. 1906 Suffragist Susan B. Anthony died. 1925 Tennessee passed a bill prohibiting the teaching of evolution in public schools. 1930 Clyde W. Tombaugh announced the discovery of the planet Pluto. 1972 Britain and China resumed full diplomatic relations after 22 years; Britain withdrew its consulate from Taiwan. 1996 A man shot dead 16 children and a woman teacher in a school in Dunblane, Scotland. He then shot himself. 2012 The Encyclopaedia Britannica discontinued its print edition after 244 years.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar13.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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