http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 25, 1918: Belarusian Peoples' Republic established
Less than three weeks after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk formally brought an end to Russia's participation in the First World War, the former Russian province of Belarus declares itself an independent, democratic republic on this day in 1918.
Modern-day Belarus—also known as Belorussia—was formerly part of Poland, its neighbor to the west, until a series of wars in the late 18th century ended with the partition of Poland and with Belarus in Russian hands. In 1917, Belarus capitalized on Russian weakness and disorder resulting from its participation in World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution of that year and proclaimed its independence, after more than a century of occupation by the czarist empire. At the time, Belarus was occupied by the German army, according to the terms formalized at Brest-Litovsk on March 3.
On March 25, a Rada (or council) pronounced the creation of the Belarussian People's Republic. Eight months later, however, with the defeat of the Central Powers at the hands of the Allies in World War I, Brest-Litovsk was invalidated and the German army was forced to pull out of Belarus and the former Russian territories. This left the fledgling republic vulnerable to a new Russian invasion—that of the Bolshevik Red Guard, who entered the Belarussian capital city of Minsk on January 5, 1919, and crushed the republic's government.
With the Rada in exile, the Bolsheviks declared the establishment of the Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Poland, determined to reestablish its historical dominance over the region, promptly invaded the new soviet state; the Treaty of Riga of 1921 gave Poland the western part of Belarus. The rest of it became a constituent of the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), founded by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks in 1922. After Germany invaded Poland in 1939, the USSR took the opportunity to annex the part it had lost in 1921. These borders were confirmed in a treaty signed by the USSR and Poland at the end of World War II.
The Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, and Belarus became one of the founding members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), an association of 12 former republics of the USSR formed to help regulate foreign affairs, as well as military and economic policy among the member states. On March 25, 1993, the anniversary of the proclamation of Belarusian independence was openly celebrated for the first time in Minsk and other cities in the republic.
Mar 25, 1967: Martin Luther King leads march against the war
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., leads a march of 5,000 antiwar demonstrators in Chicago. In an address to the demonstrators, King declared that the Vietnam War was "a blasphemy against all that America stands for." King first began speaking out against American involvement in Vietnam in the summer of 1965. In addition to his moral objections to the war, he argued that the war diverted money and attention from domestic programs to aid the black poor. He was strongly criticized by other prominent civil rights leaders for attempting to link civil rights and the antiwar movement.
Mar 25, 1946: Soviets announce withdrawal from Iran
In conclusion to an extremely tense situation of the early Cold War, the Soviet Union announces that its troops in Iran will be withdrawn within six weeks. The Iranian crisis was one of the first tests of power between the United States and the Soviet Union in the postwar world.
The Iranian crisis began during World War II. In 1942, Iran signed an agreement by which British and Soviet troops were allowed into the country in order to defend the oil-rich nation from possible German attack. American troops were also soon in Iran. The 1942 treaty stated that all foreign troops would withdraw within six months after the end of the war. In 1944, however, both Great Britain and the United States began to press the Iranian government for oil concessions and the Soviets thereupon demanded concessions of their own. By 1945, the oil situation was still unsettled, but the war was coming to an end and the American attitude toward the Soviet Union had changed dramatically.
The new administration of Harry S. Truman, which came to power when Franklin D. Roosevelt died in April 1945, decided that the Soviets were not to be trusted and were bent on expansion. Therefore, a policy of "toughness" was adopted toward the former wartime ally. Iran came to be a test case for this new policy. The Soviets had decided to take action in Iran. Fearing that the British and Americans were conspiring to deny Russia its proper sphere of influence in Iran, the Soviets came to the assistance of an Iranian rebel group in the northern regions of the country. In early 1946, the United States complained to the United Nations about the situation in Iran and accused the Soviets of interfering with a sovereign nation. When the March 2, 1946 deadline for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Iran passed and the Soviets were still in place, a crisis began to develop.
A major diplomatic confrontation was avoided when the Soviets announced on March 25, 1946, that they would be withdrawing their forces within six weeks. President Truman bragged that his threats of a possible military confrontation had been the deciding factor, but that seems unlikely. The Soviet Union and Iran had reached an agreement that gave the Soviets an oil concession in Iran. With this promise in hand, the Soviets kept their part of the bargain and moved their troops out of Iran in April 1946. Almost immediately, the Iranian government reneged on the oil deal and, with U.S. aid and advice, crushed the revolt in northern Iran. The Soviets were furious, but refrained from reintroducing their armed forces into Iran for fear of creating an escalating conflict with the United States and Great Britain. The Iranian crisis, and the suspicion and anger it created between the United States and the Soviet Union, helped set the tone for the developing Cold War.
Mar 25, 1941: Yugoslavia joins the Axis
On this day, Yugoslavia, despite an early declaration of neutrality, signs the Tripartite Pact, forming an alliance with Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan.
A unified nation of Yugoslavia, an uneasy federation of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, was a response to the collapse of the Ottoman and Hapsburg empires at the close of World War I, both of which had previously contained parts of what became Yugoslavia. A constitutional monarchy, Yugoslavia built friendships with France and Czechoslovakia during the years between the world wars. With the outbreak of World War II, and the Anschluss ("union") between Austria and Germany, pressure was placed on Yugoslavia to more closely ally itself Germany, despite Yugoslavia's declared neutrality. But fear of an invasion like that suffered by France pushed Yugoslavia into signing a "Friendship Treaty"—something short of a formal political alliance—on December 11, 1940.
With the war spreading to the Balkans after the invasion of Greece by Italy, it was important to Hitler that the Axis powers have an ally in the region that would act as a bulwark against Allied encroachment on Axis territory. Meeting on February 14, 1941, Adolf Hitler proved unable to persuade Yugoslav Prime Minister Dragisa Cvetkovic to formally join the Axis. The next day, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill contacted the Yugoslav regent, Prince Paul, in an effort to encourage him to remain firm in resisting further German blandishments. It was essential to the Allies that Yugoslavia cooperate with Anglo-Greek forces in fending off an Axis conquest of Greece.
But with King Boris of Bulgaria caving into Germany, Prince Paul felt the heat of the Nazis, and on March 20 he asked the Yugoslav Cabinet for their cooperation in allowing the Germans access to Greece through Yugoslavia. The Cabinet balked, and four ministers resigned in protest at the suggestion. This gesture failed to prevent Prime Minister Cvetkovic from finally signing the Tripartite Pact in Vienna on March 25, 1941.
Within two days, the Cvetkovic government was overthrown by a unified front of peasants, the church, unions, and the military—an angry response to the alliance with Germany. Prince Paul was thrown from his throne in favor of his son, King Peter, only 17 years old. The new government, led by Air Force Gen. Dusan Simovic, immediately renounced the Tripartite Pact. In less than two weeks, Germany invaded the nation and occupied it by force.
Mar 25, 1774: Parliament passes the Boston Port Act
On this day in 1774, British Parliament passes the Boston Port Act, closing the port of Boston and demanding that the city's residents pay for the nearly $1 million worth (in today's money) of tea dumped into Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773.
The Boston Port Act was the first and easiest to enforce of four acts that together were known as the Coercive Acts. The other three were a new Quartering Act, the Administration of Justice Act and the Massachusetts Government Act.
As part of the Crown's attempt to intimidate Boston's increasingly unruly residents, King George III appointed General Thomas Gage, who commanded the British army in North America, as the new governor of Massachusetts. Gage became governor in May 1774, before the Massachusetts Government Act revoked the colony's 1691 charter and curtailed the powers of the traditional town meeting and colonial council. These moves made it clear to Bostonians that the crown intended to impose martial law.
In June, Gage easily sealed the ports of Boston and Charlestown using the formidable British navy, leaving merchants terrified of impending economic disaster. Many merchants wanted to simply pay for the tea and disband the Boston Committee of Correspondence, which had served to organize anti-British protests. The merchants' attempt at convincing their neighbors to assuage the British failed. A town meeting called to discuss the matter voted them down by a substantial margin.
Parliament hoped that the Coercive Acts would isolate Boston from Massachusetts, Massachusetts from New England and New England from the rest of North America, preventing unified colonial resistance to the British. Their effort backfired. Rather than abandon Boston, the colonial population shipped much-needed supplies to Boston and formed extra-legal Provincial Congresses to mobilize resistance to the crown. By the time Gage attempted to enforce the Massachusetts Government Act, his authority had eroded beyond repair.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1 - Origin of Dionysian Incarnation of the Word
31 - 1st Easter, according to calendar-maker Dionysius
Exiguus
421 - Friday at 12 PM - city of Venice founded
708 - Constantine begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while
fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
1306 - Robert the Bruce crowned King of Scots
1409 - Council of Pisa opens
1571 - Catholic Italian businessman Roberto Ridolfi leaves
Enngeland
1581 - Portugese Cortes calls Philip II king of Portugal
1584 - Sir Walter Raleigh renews Humphrey Gilbert's patent
to explore North America
1598 - Cornelis de Houtman's fleet departs for East-Indies
1609 - Henry Hudson embarks on an exploration for Dutch East
India Co
1634 - Under charter granted to Lord Baltimore and led by
his brother Leonard Calvert first settlers found Catholic colony of Maryland
1647 - Cape of Good Hope: tour ship Haerlem stranded in
Tafel Bay
1655 - Christiaan Huygens discovers Titan, (Saturn's largest
satellite)
1668 - 1st horse race in America takes place
1669 - Mount Etna in Sicily erupts, destroying Nicolosi,
killing 20,000
1700 - England, France & Netherlands ratify 2nd
Extermination treaty
1753 - Voltaire leaves the court of Frederik II of Prussia
French Enlightenment Philosopher VoltaireFrench
Enlightenment Philosopher Voltaire 1774 - British Parliament passes Boston Port
Bill
1776 - Continental Congress authorized a medal for George
Washington
1802 - France, Netherlands, Spain & Britain sign Peace
of Amiens
1807 - 1st railway passenger service began in England
1807 - British Parliament abolishes slave trade
1807 - George Canning becomes British minister of Foreign
affairs
1811 - Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University
of Oxford for his publication of the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
1813 - 1st US flag flown in battle on the Pacific, frigate
Essex
1814 - Netherlands Bank established
1817 - Tsar Alexander I recommends formation of Society of
Israeli Christians
1820 - Greece freedom revolt against anti Ottoman attack
1821 - Greece gains independence from Turkey (National Day)
1847 - Pope Pius IX encyclical "On aid for
Ireland"
1851 - Yosemite Valley discovered in California
1852 - Friedrich Hebbel's "Agnes Bernauer"
premieres in Munich
First US President George WashingtonFirst US President
George Washington 1856 - A E Burnside patents Burnside carbine
1857 - Frederick Laggenheim takes 1st photo of a solar
eclipse
1863 - 1st Army Medal of Honor awarded
1863 - Skirmish at Brentwood Tennessee
1864 - Battle of Paducah, KY (Forrest's raid)
1865 - Battle of Bluff Spring, FL
1865 - Battle of Fort Stedman, VA - in front of Petersburg
1865 - Battle of Mobile, AL (Spanish Fort, Fort Morgan, Fort
Blakely)
1865 - SS General Lyon at Cape Hatteras catches fire &
sinks, killing 400
1876 - Glasgow 1st soccer match Scotland-Wales (4-0)
1882 - 1st demonstration of pancake making (Dept store in
NYC)
1888 - Socialist leader Domela Nieuwenhuis elected to Dutch
2nd chamber
1889 - 1st Test Cricket match played at Newlands, Cape Town
v England
1894 - Coxey's Army of the unemployed sets out from
Massillon Oh for Wash
1895 - Italian troops invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
1896 - Modern Olympics began in Athens, Greece [NS=Apr 6]
1898 - Intercollegiate Trapshooting Association formed in
NYC
1900 - US Socialist Party forms in Indianapolis
1901 - 55 die as Rock Island train derailed near Marshalltown
Iowa
1902 - Irving W Colburn patents sheet glass drawing machine
1903 - Racing Club de Avellaneda, one of the big five of
Argentina, is founded.
1905 - Rebel battle flags captured during war are returned
to South
1907 - Stanley Cup: Montreal Wanderers lose to Kenora
Thistles but outscore them in 2 game set but outscore them 12-8 and win cup
1908 - Clube Atletico Mineiro, Founded in Belo Horizonte,
Brazil.
1910 - Chalmers Auto Co offers a new car to each leagues' batting
champ
1911 - L D Swamikannu publishes "Manual of Indian
Chronology" in Bombay
1911 - Triangle Shirtwaist Factory catches fire 145 die, all
but 13 girls
1913 - Great Dayton Flood
1913 - Home of vaudeville, Palace Theatre, opens (NYC)
starring Ed Wynn
1915 - 1st submarine disaster; a US F-4 sank off Hawaii,
killing 21
1915 - German U boat torpedoes Neth merchant ship Medea
1916 - Heavyweight Jess Willard & Franc Moran fight to
no decision in NYC
1916 - Jess Willard fights Frank Moran to no decision in 10
for boxing title
1916 - Women are allowed to attend a boxing match
1918 - The Belarusian People's Republic is established.
1920 - Greek Independence Day
1923 - British government grants Trans-Jordan autonomy
1924 - Greek parliament selects admiral Paul Koundouriotis
as premier
1924 - Stanley Cup: Mont Canadiens (NHL) sweep Calgary
Tigers (WCHL) in 2
1931 - Hal Kemp & his orchestra record Whistles, with
Skinnay Ennis
1931 - Scottsboro Boys (accused of raping a white woman)
arrested in Alabama
1934 - 1st Golf Masters Championship: Horton Smith wins,
shooting a 284
1935 - 1st Belgium government of Van Zealand resigns
1936 - 200" mirror blank leaves for California to be
ground
1936 - Detroit Red Wings beat Montreal Maroons in NHL
longest game (2h56m30s)
Baseball Great Babe RuthBaseball Great Babe Ruth 1937 - It's
revealed Quaker Oats pays Babe Ruth $25,000 per year for ads
1937 - Italy & Yugoslavia sign no-attack treaty (Pact of
Belgrade)
1937 - Lionel Conacher misses on 1st Stanley Cup penalty
shot
1937 - Wash Daily News is 1st US newspaper with perfumed
advertising page
1938 - 1st US bred and owned horse (Battleship) to win
British Grand National Steeplechase
1939 - Billboard Magazine introduces hillbilly (country)
music chart
1941 - Carolina Paprika Mills in Dillon SC, incorporated
1942 - 700 Jews of Polish Lvov-district reach Belzec
Concentration camp
1943 - 97% of all Dutch physicians strike againt nazi
registration
1943 - Jimmy Durante & Garry Moore premiere on radio
1944 - Germany troop executes 335 residents of Rome
1944 - RAF Sgt Nickolas Alkemade survives a jump from his
Lancaster bomber from 18,000 feet without a parachute
1945 - US 1st army breaks out bridgehead near Remagen
1945 - US 4th Armored div arrives at Hanau & Aschaffenburg
1945 - US Northern Tractor Flotilla departs Ulithi to
Okinawa
Composer Igor StravinskyComposer Igor Stravinsky 1946 - 1st
performance of Igor Stravinsky's "Ebony Concerto"
1947 - 9th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Holy Cross
beats Oklahoma 58-47
1947 - Agreement of Linggadjati ratified in Batavia
1947 - Coal mine explosion in Centralia, Ill, claims 111
1947 - Last day of Test cricket for Walter Hammond (v NZ,
Christchurch)
1949 - SS police chief Rauter request for a pardon, denied
1951 - 5th Tony Awards: Guys & Dolls & Rose Tattoo
win
1951 - E Purcell & EM Ewen detect 21-cm radiation at
Harvard physics lab
1954 - 26th Academy Awards - "From Here to
Eternity", Anthony Holden & Audrey Hepburn win
1954 - Pope Pius XII encyclical "Sacra virginitas"
(On consecrated virginity)
1954 - RCA manufactures 1st color TV set (12½" screen
at $1,000)
1955 - E Germany granted full sovereignty by occupying
power, USSR
1955 - United States Customs seizes copies of Allen
Ginsberg's poem "Howl" as obscene.
1957 - NBA modifies the free-throw rule
1957 - Treaty of Rome establishes European Economic
Community (Common Mkt)
Middle/welterweight championship boxer Sugar Ray
RobinsonMiddle/welterweight championship boxer Sugar Ray Robinson 1958 - Sugar
Ray Robinson is 1st boxing champ to win 5 times
1958 - West German parliament desires German atomic weapons
1959 - Bill White traded to St Louis for pitchers Sam Jones
& Don Choate
1959 - French pres De Gaulle acknowledges Oder-Neisse
boundary
1960 - 1st guided missile launched from nuclear powered sub
(Halibut)
1960 - DH Lawrence' "Lady Chatterley's Lover"
ruled not obscene (NYC)
1960 - Ford Frick voids Indians-Red Sox deal as Sam White
retires
1960 - Italian government Tambroni forms
1961 - "13 Daughters" closes at 54th St Theater
NYC after 28 performances
1961 - "Gypsy" closes at Broadway Theater NYC
after 702 performances
1961 - 23rd NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Cin beats
Ohio State 70-65 (OT)
1961 - Elvis Presley performs live on the USS Arizona
1961 - Explorer 10 launched into elongated Earth orbit
(177/181,000 km)
1961 - Sputnik 10 carries a dog into Earth orbit; later
recovered
1961 - 3rd place game is one of the wildest contests in NCAA
Tournament history as St Joseph's defeats Utah 127-120 in 4 overtimes
Singer & Cultural Icon Elvis PresleySinger &
Cultural Icon Elvis Presley 1962 - "Family Affair" closes at Billy
Rose Theater NYC after 65 performances
1962 - French OAS-leader ex-general Jouhaud arrested
1963 - KWHY TV channel 22 in Los Angeles, CA (IND) begins
broadcasting
1964 - Britain sets memorial for the late President John F
Kennedy
1964 - Egypt ends state of siege (1952-64)
1965 - Martin Luther King Jr led 25,000 to state capitol in
Montgomery, Al
1965 - West German Bondsdag extends war crimes retribution
1966 - US Supreme court rules "poll tax"
unconstitutional
1966 - Beatles pose with mutilated dolls & butchered
meat for the cover of the "Yesterday & Today" album, It is later
pulled
1967 - 29th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats
Dayton 79-64
1967 - The Turtle's "Happy Together" goes #1
1967 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern
Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1967 - Who & Cream make US debut at Murray the K's
Easter Show
1968 - KLVX TV channel 10 in Las Vegas, NV (PBS) begins
broadcasting
1968 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King
Jr.Clergyman and Civil Rights Activist Martin Luther King Jr. 1969 - Andes Pact
signed in Peru
1969 - John & Yoko stage their 1st bed-in for peace
(Amsterdam)
1969 - Pakistan Gen Agha Mohammed Jagja Khan succeeds Ayub
Chan as pres
1970 - Concorde makes its 1st supersonic flight (700
MPH/1,127 KPH)
1971 - Boston Patriots become New England Patriots
1971 - European council accepts Mansholt plan laying off 5
million farmers
1971 - Tom Jones, "She's a Lady," goes gold
1972 - "Selling of the President" closes at
Shubert Theater NYC after 5 perfs
1972 - 34th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats Florida
81-76
1972 - America's LP "America" goes #1
1972 - Bobby Hull becomes the 2nd NHLer to score 600 goals
1972 - UCLA wins its 6th consecutive national basketball
title
1973 - 27th Tony Awards: That Championship Season &
Little Night Music win
1973 - Carol Mann wins LPGA Sears Women's Golf Classic
1973 - Majid Khan & Mushtaq Mohammad both out for 99 in
Test v Eng
Singer-songwriter & Actress Barbra
StreisandSinger-songwriter & Actress Barbra Streisand 1974 - Barbra
Streisand records the album "Butterfly"
1976 - "My Fair Lady" opens at St James Theater
NYC for 384 performances
1976 - "Rex" opens at Lunt-Fontaine Theater NYC
for 48 performances
1976 - Argentine milt junta bans leftist political parties
1979 - Major riot at Bourda prevents day's play in WSC
Supertest
1979 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Sahara National Pro-Am Golf
Tournament
1982 - Wayne Gretzky becomes 1st NHL to score 200 points in
a season
1983 - Christa Rothenburger skates world record 500 m ladies
(39.69 sec)
1983 - Pavel Pegov skates world record 1000m (1:12.58)
1984 - Betsy King wins LPGA Women's Kemper Golf Open
1985 - 57th Academy Awards - "Amadeus", F Murray
Abraham & Sally Field win
1985 - Edwin Meese III becomes US Attorney General
1986 - Men's Figure Skating Championship in Geneva won by
Brian Boitano (USA)
1986 - Supreme Court rules Air Force could ban wearing of
yarmulkes
1986 - Kurt Browning (Canada) becomes 1st skater to land a
quadruple jump
NHL all-time top scorer Wayne GretzkyNHL all-time top scorer
Wayne Gretzky 1987 - Supreme Court rules women/minorities may get jobs if less
qualified
1988 - "Les Miserables" opens at Chunichi Theatre,
Nagoya Japan
1988 - NASA launches space vehicle S-206
1988 - Robin Givens demands full access to husband Mike
Tyson's money
1989 - "Les Miserables" opens at Auditorium
Theatre, Chicago
1990 - "Lettice & Lovage" opens at Barrymore
Theater NYC for 284 performances
1990 - 10th Golden Raspberry Awards: Star Trek V wins
1990 - Fire in illegal NYC social club, kills 87
1990 - Pat Bradley wins LPGA Standard Register Turquoise
Golf Classic
1991 - 63rd Academy Awards - "Dance with Wolves",
Kathy Bates & Jeremy Irons win
1991 - Allan Border takes 5-68 v WI at Bourda (!),
Georgetown
1992 - British scientists find new largest perfect # (2 756839
-1 * 2 756839)
1992 - Imran Khan scores 72 & takes 1-43 off 6 2 overs
in last ODI
1992 - Pakistan defeats England by 22 runs to win World Cup
1992 - Russian manned space craft TM-14, lands
Actress Kathy BatesActress Kathy Bates 1992 - Cosmonaut
Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space
station.
1993 - "Candida" opens at Criterion Theater NYC
for 45 performances
1994 - Gunda Niemann skates ladies world record 3 km
(4:09.32)
1994 - Yasunori Miyabe skates world record 1000 m (1:12.37)
1995 - Boxer Mike Tyson released from jail after serving 3
years
1996 - 68th Academy Awards - "Braveheart",
Nicholas Cage & Susan Sarandon win
1996 - Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) approaches within 0.1018
AUs of Earth
1996 - Freedom Shoemakers on Maryport's Solway Estate closes
1996 - Ice Dance Championship at Edmonton won by Gritshuk
& Platov (RUS)
1996 - Ice Pairs Championship at Edmonton won by Eltsova
& Bushkov (RUS)
1996 - Ladies Fig Skating Championship in Edmonton won by
Michelle Kwan (USA)
1996 - Men's Fig Skating Championship in Edmonton won by
Todd Eldredge (USA)
1996 - US issues newly-redesigned $100 bill
1996 - The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the
export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease
(BSE).
1997 - "Barrymore" opens at Music Box Theater NYC
for 240 performances
1997 - Indians trade Lofton and Embree to Braves for
Grissom & Justice
1999 - 13th Soul Train Music Awards: Luther Vandross, R.
Kelly & Lauryn Hill win
2000 - 20th Golden Raspberry Awards: Wild Wild West wins
2001 - 73rd Academy Awards - "Gladiator", Russell
Crowe & Julia Roberts win
2006 - Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people
before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood.
2006 - Protesters demanding a re-election in Belarus
following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006 clash with riot
police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters
arrested.
2012 - Peter Cruddas, treasurer of Britain's Conservative
Party, resigns after being caught on film selling access to British Prime
Minister David Cameron
2013 - Golfer Tiger Woods returns to his world number one
ranking
0421 - The city of Venice was founded. 0708 - Constantine began his reign as Catholic Pope. 1306 - Robert the Bruce was crowned king of Scotland. 1409 - The Council of Pisa opened. 1609 - Henry Hudson left on an exploration for Dutch East India Co. 1634 - Lord Baltimore founded the Catholic colony of Maryland. 1655 - Puritans jailed Governor Stone after a military victory over Catholic forces in the colony of Maryland. 1655 - Christian Huygens discovered Titan. Titan is Saturn's largest satellite. 1668 - The first horse race in America took place. 1669 - Mount Etna in Sicily erupted destroying Nicolosi. 20,000 people were killed. 1700 - England, France and Netherlands ratify the 2nd Extermination Treaty. 1753 - Voltaire left the court of Frederik II of Prussia. 1774 - English Parliament passed the Boston Port Bill. 1776 - The Continental Congress authorized a medal for General George Washington. 1802 - France, Netherlands, Spain and England signed the Peace of Amiens. 1807 - The first railway passenger service began in England. 1807 - British Parliament abolished the slave trade. 1813 - The frigate USS Essex flew the first U.S. flag in battle in the Pacific. 1814 - The Netherlands Bank was established. 1820 - Greece freedom revolt against anti Ottoman attack 1821 - Greece gained independence from Turkey. 1856 - A. E. Burnside patented Burnside carbine. 1857 - Frederick Laggenheim took the first photo of a solar eclipse. 1865 - The SS General Lyon at Cape Hatteras caught fire and sank. 400 people were killed. 1865 - During the American Civil War, Confederate forces captured Fort Stedman in Virginia. 1879 - Japan invaded the kingdom of Liuqiu (Ryukyu) Islands, formerly a vassal of China. 1895 - Italian troops invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia). 1898 - The Intercollegiate Trapshooting Association was formed in New York City. 1900 - The U.S. Socialist Party was formed in Indianapolis. 1901 - 55 people died when a Rock Island train derailed near Marshalltown, IA. 1901 - The Mercedes was introduced by Daimler at the five-day "Week of Nice" in Nice, France. 1901 - It was reported in Washington, DC, that Cubans were beginning to fear annexation. 1902 - Irving W. Colburn patented the sheet glass drawing machine. 1902 - In Russia, 567 students were found guilty of "political disaffection." 95 students were exiled to Siberia. 1904 - E.D. Morel and Roger Casement formed the Congo Reform Association in Liverpool. 1905 - Rebel battle flags that were captured during the American Civil War were returned to the South. 1905 - Russia received Japan's terms for peace. 1907 - Nicaraguan troops took Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras. 1908 - Wilhelm II paid an official visit to Italy's king in Venice. 1909 - In Russia, revolutionary Popova was arrested on 300 murder charges. 1911 - In New York City, 146 women were killed in fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City. The owners of the company were indicted on manslaughter charges because some of the employees had been behind locked doors in the factory. The owners were later acquitted and in 1914 they were ordered to pay damages to each of the twenty-three families that had sued. 1913 - The Palace Theatre opened in New York City. 1915 - 21 people died when a U.S. F-4 submarine sank off the Hawaiian coast. 1919 - The Paris Peace Commission adopted a plan to protect nations from the influx of foreign labor. 1923 - The British government granted Trans-Jordan autonomy. 1931 - Fifty people were killed in riots that broke out in India. Gandhi was one of many people assaulted. 1931 - The Scottsboro Boys were arrested in Alabama. 1936 - The Detroit Red Wings defeated the Montreal Maroons in the longest hockey game to date. The game lasted for 2 hours and 56 minutes. 1940 - The U.S. agreed to give Britain and France access to all American warplanes. 1941 - Yugoslavia joined the Axis powers. 1941 - The first paprika mill was incorporated in Dollon, SC. 1947 - A coalmine explosion in Centralia, IL, killed 111 people. 1947 - John D. Rockefeller III presented a check for $8.5 million to the United Nations for the purchase of land for the site of the U.N. center. 1953 - The USS Missouri fired on targets at Kojo, North Korea. 1954 - RCA manufactured its first color TV set and began mass production. 1957 - The European Economic Community was established with the signing of the Treaty of Rome. 1960 - A guided missile was launched from a nuclear powered submarine for the first time. 1965 - Martin Luther King Jr. led a group of 25,000 to the state capital in Montgomery, AL. 1966 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the "poll tax" was unconstitutional. 1970 - The Concorde made its first supersonic flight. 1971 - The Boston Patriots became the New England Patriots. 1972 - Bobby Hull joined Gordie Howe to become only the second National Hockey League player to score 600 career goals. 1975 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was shot to death by a nephew. The nephew, with a history of mental illness, was beheaded the following June. 1981 - The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador was damaged when gunmen attacked using rocket propelled grenades and machine guns. 1981 - The Down Jones industrial avarage of selected stocks on the New York Stock Exchanged closed at its highest level in more than eight years. 1982 - Wayne Gretzky became the first player in the NHL to score 200 points in a season. 1983 - The U.S. Congress passed legislation to rescue the U.S. social security system from bankruptcy. 1985 - It was reported that a U.S. Army Major stationed in East Germany had been shot and killed by a Soviet Border Guard. 1986 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan ordered emergency aid for the Honduran army. U.S. helicopters took Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border. 1988 - Robert E. Chambers Jr. pled guilty to first-degree manslaughter in the death of 18-year-old Jennifer Levin. The case was known as New York City's "preppie murder case." 1989 - In Paris, the Louvre reopened with I.M. Pei's new courtyard pyramid. 1990 - A fire in Happy Land, an illegal New York City social club, killed 87 people. 1990 - Estonia voted for independence from the Soviet Union. 1991 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launched a major counter-offensive to recapture key towns from Kurds in northern Iraq. 1992 - Soviet cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returned to Earth after spending 10 months aboard the orbiting Mir space station. 1993 - President de Klerk admitted that South Africa had built six nuclear bombs, but said that they had since been dismantled. 1994 - United States troops completed their withdrawal from Somalia. 1995 - Boxer Mike Tyson was released from jail after serving 3 years. 1996 - An 81-day standoff by the antigovernment Freemen began at a ranch near Jordan, MT. 1996 - The U.S. issued a newly redesigned $100 bill for circulation. 1998 - A cancer patient was the first known to die under Oregon's doctor-assisted suicide law. 1998 - The FCC nets $578.6 million at auction for licenses for new wireless technology. 1998 - Quinn Pletcher was found guilty on charges of extortion. He had threatened to kill Bill Gates unless he was paid $5 million. 2002 - The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) dismissed complaints against Walt Disney Co.'s ABC network broadcast of a Victoria's Secret fashion show in November 2001. 2004 - The U.S. Senate voted (61-38) on the Unborn Victims of Violence Act (H.R. 1997) to make it a separate crime to harm a fetus during the commission of a violent federal crime.
1634 Maryland was founded by settlers sent by the late Lord Baltimore. 1894 Jacob Sechler Coxey and his "army" of unemployed men began their march from Ohio to Washington, DC. 1911 A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Co. in New York City killed 145 workers. 1931 The Scottsboro boys were arrested in Alabama. 1934 Horton Smith won the first Masters golf tournament at Augusta National in Georgia. 1957 The European Economic Community was established by the Treaty of Rome. 1965 The 25,000-person Alabama Freedom March to protest the denial of voting rights to blacks, led by Martin Luther King Jr., ended its journey from Selma on the steps of the State Capitol in Montgomery, Ala. 1975 King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was shot and killed by his nephew. 1994 U.S. troops withdrew from Somalia.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar25.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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