http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
Mar 23, 1775: Patrick Henry voices American opposition to British policy
During a speech before the second Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry responds to the increasingly oppressive British rule over the American colonies by declaring, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" Following the signing of the American Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, Patrick Henry was appointed governor of Virginia by the Continental Congress.
The first major American opposition to British policy came in 1765 after Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a taxation measure to raise revenues for a standing British army in America. Under the banner of "no taxation without representation," colonists convened the Stamp Act Congress in October 1765 to vocalize their opposition to the tax. With its enactment on November 1, 1765, most colonists called for a boycott of British goods and some organized attacks on the customhouses and homes of tax collectors. After months of protest, Parliament voted to repeal the Stamp Act in March 1765.
Most colonists quietly accepted British rule until Parliament's enactment of the Tea Act in 1773, which granted the East India Company a monopoly on the American tea trade. Viewed as another example of taxation without representation, militant Patriots in Massachusetts organized the "Boston Tea Party," which saw British tea valued at some 10,000 pounds dumped into Boston harbor. Parliament, outraged by the Boston Tea Party and other blatant destruction of British property, enacted the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, in the following year. The Coercive Acts closed Boston to merchant shipping, established formal British military rule in Massachusetts, made British officials immune to criminal prosecution in America, and required colonists to quarter British troops. The colonists subsequently called the first Continental Congress to consider a united American resistance to the British.
With the other colonies watching intently, Massachusetts led the resistance to the British, forming a shadow revolutionary government and establishing militias to resist the increasing British military presence across the colony. In April 1775, Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, ordered British troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts, where a Patriot arsenal was known to be located. On April 19, 1775, the British regulars encountered a group of American militiamen at Lexington, and the first volleys of the American Revolutionary War were fired.
Mar 23, 1919: Mussolini founds the Fascist party
Benito Mussolini, an Italian World War I veteran and publisher of Socialist newspapers, breaks with the Italian Socialists and establishes the nationalist Fasci di Combattimento, named after the Italian peasant revolutionaries, or "Fighting Bands," from the 19th century. Commonly known as the Fascist Party, Mussolini's new right-wing organization advocated Italian nationalism, had black shirts for uniforms, and launched a program of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents.
In October 1922, Mussolini led the Fascists on a march on Rome, and King Emmanuel III, who had little faith in Italy's parliamentary government, asked Mussolini to form a new government. Initially, Mussolini, who was appointed prime minister at the head of a three-member Fascist cabinet, cooperated with the Italian parliament, but aided by his brutal police organization he soon became the effective dictator of Italy. In 1924, a Socialist backlash was suppressed, and in January 1925 a Fascist state was officially proclaimed, with Mussolini as Il Duce, or "The Leader."
Mussolini appealed to Italy's former Western allies for new treaties, but his brutal 1935 invasion of Ethiopia ended all hope of alliance with the Western democracies. In 1936, Mussolini joined Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in his support of Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, prompting the signing of a treaty of cooperation in foreign policy between Italy and Nazi Germany in 1937. Although Adolf Hitler's Nazi revolution was modeled after the rise of Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party, Fascist Italy and Il Duce proved overwhelmingly the weaker partner in the Berlin-Rome Axis during World War II.
In July 1943, the failure of the Italian war effort and the imminent invasion of the Italian mainland by the Allies led to a rebellion within the Fascist Party. Two days after the fall of Palermo on July 24, the Fascist Grand Council rejected the policy dictated by Hitler through Mussolini, and on July 25 Il Duce was arrested. Fascist Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over the reins of the Italian government, and in September Italy surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. Eight days later, German commandos freed Mussolini from his prison in the Abruzzi Mountains, and he was later made the puppet leader of German-controlled northern Italy. With the collapse of Nazi Germany in April 1945, Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans and on April 29 was executed by firing squad with his mistress, Clara Petacci, after a brief court-martial. Their bodies, brought to Milan, were hanged by the feet in a public square for all the world to see.
Mar 23, 1969: Jim Morrison prompts a "Rally for Decency"
"Dear Mike," wrote the recently inaugurated President Nixon to Miami-area teenager Mike Levesque in a letter dated March 26, 1969, "I was extremely interested to learn about the admirable initiative undertaken by you and 30,000 other young people at the Miami Teen-age Rally for Decency held last Sunday." The event of which Nixon spoke was organized in response to an incident at a Doors concert some three weeks earlier, when a drunk, combative and sometimes barely coherent Jim Morrison allegedly exposed himself to the crowd at Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium. The alleged exposure, whether it took place or not, created serious legal problems for Morrison. It also created an opportunity for socially conservative Floridians and their celebrity supporters to speak out against the counterculture at the massive "Rally for Decency" held at Miami's Orange Bowl on March 23, 1969.
The Associated Press described the event as being part of "a teen-age crusade for decency in entertainment." On hand to support that crusade was a handful of celebrities not normally associated with the youth market: Kate Smith, Jackie Gleason, The Lettermen and Anita Bryant, spokeswoman for the Florida Citrus Commission. Ms. Bryant, who would later become an outspoken opponent of gay rights, was not the only grownup to make political hay out of what began as a sincere event organized by the teenage members of a Roman Catholic youth group. On March 24, the day after the rally, President Nixon's daily news summary included a mention of the event along with a handwritten note from a young aide named Pat Buchanan: "The pollution of young minds...an extremely popular issue; one on which we can probably get a tremendous majority of Americans." Eight months later, Nixon would give his famous "Silent Majority" speech, and 23 years later, Buchanan would make a serious bid for the Republican presidential nomination running as a veteran of the so-called "Culture Wars."
As for Jim Morrison, the incident that sparked the Rally for Decency led to his conviction seven months later on charges of profanity and indecent exposure. Sentenced to six months' hard labor in a Florida prison, Morrison left the United States for France while his conviction was under appeal. He died in Paris in July 1971.
Mar 23, 1944: Germans slaughter Italian civilians
On this day, German occupiers shoot more than 300 Italian civilians as a reprisal for an Italian partisan attack on an SS unit.
Since the Italian surrender in the summer of 1943, German troops had occupied wider swaths of the peninsula to prevent the Allies from using Italy as a base of operations against German strongholds elsewhere, such as the Balkans. An Allied occupation of Italy would also put into their hands Italian airbases, further threatening German air power.
Italian partisans (antifascist guerrilla fighters) aided the Allied battle against the Germans. The Italian Resistance had been fighting underground against the fascist government of Mussolini long before its surrender, and now it fought against German fascism. The main weapon of a guerrilla, defined roughly as a member of a small-scale "irregular" fighting force that relies on limited and quick engagements of a conventional fighting force, is sabotage. Aside from killing enemy soldiers, the destruction of communication lines, transportation centers, and supply lines are essential guerrilla tactics.
On March 23, 1944, Italian partisans operating in Rome threw a bomb at an SS unit, killing 33 soldiers. The very next day, the Germans rounded up 335 Italian civilians and took them to the Adeatine caves. They were all shot dead as revenge for the SS soldiers. Of the civilian victims, 253 were Catholic, 70 were Jewish and the remaining 12 were unidentified.
Despite such setbacks, the partisans proved extremely effective in aiding the Allies; by the summer of 1944, resistance fighters had immobilized eight of the 26 German divisions in northern Italy. By war's end, Italian guerrillas controlled Venice, Milan, and Genoa, but at considerable cost. All told, the Resistance lost some 50,000 fighters-but won its republic.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1026 - Koenraad II crowns himself king of Italy
During a speech before the second Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry responds to the increasingly oppressive British rule over the American colonies by declaring, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" Following the signing of the American Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, Patrick Henry was appointed governor of Virginia by the Continental Congress.
The first major American opposition to British policy came in 1765 after Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a taxation measure to raise revenues for a standing British army in America. Under the banner of "no taxation without representation," colonists convened the Stamp Act Congress in October 1765 to vocalize their opposition to the tax. With its enactment on November 1, 1765, most colonists called for a boycott of British goods and some organized attacks on the customhouses and homes of tax collectors. After months of protest, Parliament voted to repeal the Stamp Act in March 1765.
Most colonists quietly accepted British rule until Parliament's enactment of the Tea Act in 1773, which granted the East India Company a monopoly on the American tea trade. Viewed as another example of taxation without representation, militant Patriots in Massachusetts organized the "Boston Tea Party," which saw British tea valued at some 10,000 pounds dumped into Boston harbor. Parliament, outraged by the Boston Tea Party and other blatant destruction of British property, enacted the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, in the following year. The Coercive Acts closed Boston to merchant shipping, established formal British military rule in Massachusetts, made British officials immune to criminal prosecution in America, and required colonists to quarter British troops. The colonists subsequently called the first Continental Congress to consider a united American resistance to the British.
With the other colonies watching intently, Massachusetts led the resistance to the British, forming a shadow revolutionary government and establishing militias to resist the increasing British military presence across the colony. In April 1775, Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, ordered British troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts, where a Patriot arsenal was known to be located. On April 19, 1775, the British regulars encountered a group of American militiamen at Lexington, and the first volleys of the American Revolutionary War were fired.
Mar 23, 1919: Mussolini founds the Fascist party
Benito Mussolini, an Italian World War I veteran and publisher of Socialist newspapers, breaks with the Italian Socialists and establishes the nationalist Fasci di Combattimento, named after the Italian peasant revolutionaries, or "Fighting Bands," from the 19th century. Commonly known as the Fascist Party, Mussolini's new right-wing organization advocated Italian nationalism, had black shirts for uniforms, and launched a program of terrorism and intimidation against its leftist opponents.
In October 1922, Mussolini led the Fascists on a march on Rome, and King Emmanuel III, who had little faith in Italy's parliamentary government, asked Mussolini to form a new government. Initially, Mussolini, who was appointed prime minister at the head of a three-member Fascist cabinet, cooperated with the Italian parliament, but aided by his brutal police organization he soon became the effective dictator of Italy. In 1924, a Socialist backlash was suppressed, and in January 1925 a Fascist state was officially proclaimed, with Mussolini as Il Duce, or "The Leader."
Mussolini appealed to Italy's former Western allies for new treaties, but his brutal 1935 invasion of Ethiopia ended all hope of alliance with the Western democracies. In 1936, Mussolini joined Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in his support of Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, prompting the signing of a treaty of cooperation in foreign policy between Italy and Nazi Germany in 1937. Although Adolf Hitler's Nazi revolution was modeled after the rise of Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party, Fascist Italy and Il Duce proved overwhelmingly the weaker partner in the Berlin-Rome Axis during World War II.
In July 1943, the failure of the Italian war effort and the imminent invasion of the Italian mainland by the Allies led to a rebellion within the Fascist Party. Two days after the fall of Palermo on July 24, the Fascist Grand Council rejected the policy dictated by Hitler through Mussolini, and on July 25 Il Duce was arrested. Fascist Marshal Pietro Badoglio took over the reins of the Italian government, and in September Italy surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. Eight days later, German commandos freed Mussolini from his prison in the Abruzzi Mountains, and he was later made the puppet leader of German-controlled northern Italy. With the collapse of Nazi Germany in April 1945, Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans and on April 29 was executed by firing squad with his mistress, Clara Petacci, after a brief court-martial. Their bodies, brought to Milan, were hanged by the feet in a public square for all the world to see.
Mar 23, 1969: Jim Morrison prompts a "Rally for Decency"
"Dear Mike," wrote the recently inaugurated President Nixon to Miami-area teenager Mike Levesque in a letter dated March 26, 1969, "I was extremely interested to learn about the admirable initiative undertaken by you and 30,000 other young people at the Miami Teen-age Rally for Decency held last Sunday." The event of which Nixon spoke was organized in response to an incident at a Doors concert some three weeks earlier, when a drunk, combative and sometimes barely coherent Jim Morrison allegedly exposed himself to the crowd at Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium. The alleged exposure, whether it took place or not, created serious legal problems for Morrison. It also created an opportunity for socially conservative Floridians and their celebrity supporters to speak out against the counterculture at the massive "Rally for Decency" held at Miami's Orange Bowl on March 23, 1969.
The Associated Press described the event as being part of "a teen-age crusade for decency in entertainment." On hand to support that crusade was a handful of celebrities not normally associated with the youth market: Kate Smith, Jackie Gleason, The Lettermen and Anita Bryant, spokeswoman for the Florida Citrus Commission. Ms. Bryant, who would later become an outspoken opponent of gay rights, was not the only grownup to make political hay out of what began as a sincere event organized by the teenage members of a Roman Catholic youth group. On March 24, the day after the rally, President Nixon's daily news summary included a mention of the event along with a handwritten note from a young aide named Pat Buchanan: "The pollution of young minds...an extremely popular issue; one on which we can probably get a tremendous majority of Americans." Eight months later, Nixon would give his famous "Silent Majority" speech, and 23 years later, Buchanan would make a serious bid for the Republican presidential nomination running as a veteran of the so-called "Culture Wars."
As for Jim Morrison, the incident that sparked the Rally for Decency led to his conviction seven months later on charges of profanity and indecent exposure. Sentenced to six months' hard labor in a Florida prison, Morrison left the United States for France while his conviction was under appeal. He died in Paris in July 1971.
Mar 23, 1944: Germans slaughter Italian civilians
On this day, German occupiers shoot more than 300 Italian civilians as a reprisal for an Italian partisan attack on an SS unit.
Since the Italian surrender in the summer of 1943, German troops had occupied wider swaths of the peninsula to prevent the Allies from using Italy as a base of operations against German strongholds elsewhere, such as the Balkans. An Allied occupation of Italy would also put into their hands Italian airbases, further threatening German air power.
Italian partisans (antifascist guerrilla fighters) aided the Allied battle against the Germans. The Italian Resistance had been fighting underground against the fascist government of Mussolini long before its surrender, and now it fought against German fascism. The main weapon of a guerrilla, defined roughly as a member of a small-scale "irregular" fighting force that relies on limited and quick engagements of a conventional fighting force, is sabotage. Aside from killing enemy soldiers, the destruction of communication lines, transportation centers, and supply lines are essential guerrilla tactics.
On March 23, 1944, Italian partisans operating in Rome threw a bomb at an SS unit, killing 33 soldiers. The very next day, the Germans rounded up 335 Italian civilians and took them to the Adeatine caves. They were all shot dead as revenge for the SS soldiers. Of the civilian victims, 253 were Catholic, 70 were Jewish and the remaining 12 were unidentified.
Despite such setbacks, the partisans proved extremely effective in aiding the Allies; by the summer of 1944, resistance fighters had immobilized eight of the 26 German divisions in northern Italy. By war's end, Italian guerrillas controlled Venice, Milan, and Genoa, but at considerable cost. All told, the Resistance lost some 50,000 fighters-but won its republic.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
1026 - Koenraad II crowns himself king of Italy
1066 - 18th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet
1153 - Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I
"Barbarossa" & Pope Eugene III
1174 - Jocelin, abbot of Melrose, is elected bishop of
Glasgow.
1490 - 1st dated edition of Maimonides "Mishneh
Torah" published
1534 - Aragonese legal code formally recognised
1568 - Treaty of Longjumeau: French huguenots go on strike
1579 - Friesland joins Union of Utrecht
1593 - English Congressionalist Henry Barrow accused of
slander
1630 - French troops occupy Pinerolo Piedmont
1657 - France & England form alliance against Spain;
England gets Dunkirk
1708 - English pretender to the throne James III lands at
Firth of Forth
1743 - George Frideric Handel's oratorio "Messiah"
premieres in London
1752 - Pope Stephen II elected to succeed Zacharias, died 2
days later
1775 - Patrick Henry proclaims "Give me liberty or give
me death"
1794 - Josiah Pierson patents a "cold-header"
(rivet) machine
1794 - Lt-general Tadeusz Kosciuszko returns to Poland
1808 - Napoleon's brother Joseph takes the throne of Spain
1821 - Battle and fall of city of Kalamata, Greek War of
Independence.
Composer George Friedrich HandelComposer George Friedrich
Handel 1832 - British Parliament passes reform bill
1835 - Charles Darwin reaches Los Arenales, in the Andes
1836 - Coin Press invented by Franklin Beale
1839 - 1st recorded use of "OK" [oll korrect]
(Boston's Morning Post)
1840 - Draper takes 1st successful photo of the Moon
(daguerrotype)
1848 - The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers
carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province
is founded.
1849 - Battle of Novara (King Charles Albert vs Italian
republic)
1857 - Elisha Otis' 1st elevator installed (488 Broadway,
NYC)
1858 - Streetcar patented (E A Gardner of Phila)
1861 - London's 1st tramcars, designed by Mr Train of NY,
begins operating
1862 - Battle of Kernstown VA-Jackson begins his Valley
Campaign
1864 - Encounter at Camden AR
1865 - General Sherman/Cox' troops reach Goldsboro NC
1867 - Congress passes 2nd Reconstruction Act over Pres
Johnson's veto
1868 - University of California founded (Oakland California)
Naturalist Charles DarwinNaturalist Charles Darwin 1879 -
War of the Pacific was fought between Chile and the joints forces of Bolivia
and Peru. Chile successfully took over Arica and Tarapacá which left Bolivia as
a landlocked country.
1880 - Flour rolling mill patented (John Stevens of Wisc)
1881 - Boers & Britain sign peace accord; end 1st Boer
war
1881 - Gas lamp sets fire to Nice France opera house; 70 die
1889 - Pres Harrison opens Oklahoma for white colonization
1889 - The free Woolwich Ferry officially opens in east
London.
1889 - The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was established by
Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian India.
1896 - Umberto Giordano's opera "Andrea Chénier,"
premieres in Milan
1896 - The Raines Law is passed by the New York State Legislature,
restricting Sunday sale of alcohol to hotels.
1901 - Dame Nellie Melba, reveals secret of her now famous
toast
1903 - Wright brothers obtain airplane patent
1908 - American diplomat Durham Stevens is attacked by
Korean assassins Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan, leading to his death in a
hospital two days later.
1910 - 1st race at Los Angeles Motordrome (1st US auto
speedway)
1912 - Dixie Cup invented
1915 - Zion Mule Corp forms
1917 - Tornadoes kills 211 over 4 days in Midwest US
1918 - Alick Wickham dives 200' into Australia's Yarra River
1918 - Crépy-en-Laonnoise: German artillery shells Paris,
256 killed
1918 - Lithuania proclaims independence
1918 - Paris bombs "Thick Bertha's Dike" (nickname
for the widow Krupp)
1919 - Bashkir ASSR, in RSFSR, constituted
Italian Dictator Benito MussoliniItalian Dictator Benito
Mussolini 1919 - Benito Mussolini forms Fascist movement in Milan Italy
1919 - Moscow's Politburo/Central Committee forms
1920 - Perserikatan Communist of India (PKI) political party
forms
1922 - 1st airplane lands at the US Capitol in Washington,
DC
1922 - KMJ-AM in Fresno CA begins radio transmissions
1922 - WEW-AM in Saint Louis MO begins radio transmissions
1923 - Frank Silver & Irving Conn release "Yes, We
Have No Bananas"
1925 - Tennessee becomes 1st state to outlaw teaching theory
of evolution
1926 - NHL Championship: Mont Canadiens outscore Pitt
Pirates, 6-4 in 2 games
1929 - 1st telephone installed in White House
1930 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Maribel
Vinson
1930 - US Mens Figure Skating championship won by Roger
Turner
1931 - Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev embrace the gallows
during the Indian struggle for independence. Their request to be shot by a
firing squad is refused.
1933 - Enabling Act: German Reichstag grants Adolf Hitler
dictatorial powers
1933 - Kroll Opera in Berlin opens
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi
Germany Adolf Hitler 1934 - US Congress accepts Philippines independence in
1945
1936 - Italy, Austria & Hungary sign Pact of Rome
1937 - LA Railway Co starts using PCC streetcars
1938 - Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis frees 74 St L Cardinals
minor leaguers
1940 - 1st radio broadcast of "Truth or
Consequences" on CBS
1940 - All-India-Moslem League calls for a Moslem homeland
1940 - The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the
then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the
All India Muslim League.
1942 - 2,500 Jews of Lublin massacred or deported
1942 - Japanese forces occupy Andaman Islands in Indian
Ocean
1942 - US move native-born of Japanese ancestry into
detention centers
1943 - German counter attack on US lines in Tunisia
1944 - Bomb assassination against Southern Tirol
congregation in Rome, 33 die
1944 - Nicholas Alkemade falls 5,500 m without a parachute
& lives
1945 - British 7th Black Watch crosses the Rhine
1945 - Largest operation in Pacific war, 1,500 US Navy ships
bomb Okinawa
1945 - Premier Churchill visits Montgomery's headquarter in
Straelen
1946 - 8th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Oklahoma
State beats NC 43-40
1948 - John Cunningham sets world altitude record (54,492'
(18,133 m))
1949 - Sidney Kingsley's "Detective Story,"
premieres in NYC
1950 - "Great to Be Alive" opens at Winter Garden
Theater NYC for 52 perfs
1950 - 22rd Academy Awards - "All King's Men,"
Crawford & De Havilland win
1950 - Sophocles Venizelos forms liberal Greeks government
1950 - UN World Meteorological Org established
1951 - Wages in France increase 11%
1952 - Rangers with less than 14 minutes to go blow a 6-2
lead, losing 7-6 to Chicago Black Hawks. Mosienko scores 3 times in 21 seconds
1956 - 18th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: SF beats
Iowa 83-71
1956 - Pakistan proclaimed an Islamic republic in Commonwealth
(Natl Day)
1956 - Sudan becomes independent
1957 - 19th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: NC beats
Kansas 54-53 (3 OTs)
1957 - US army sells last homing pigeons
1960 - Explorer (8) fails to reach Earth orbit
1962 - JFK visits SF
1962 - Nawab of Pataudi captains India cricket v WI age 21
years 77 days
1962 - Wake Forest coach "Bones" McKinney becomes
2nd person to play & coach
1962 - William DeWitt buys Cin Reds for $4,625,000
1963 - 25th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: Loyola beats
Cin 60-58 (OT)
1963 - Rolf Hochhuth's "Der Stellvertreter,"
premieres in Berlin
1964 - UNCTAD 1 world conference opens in Geneva
1965 - Gemini 3 launched, 1st US 2-man space flight (Grissom
& Young)
1965 - Moroccan army shoots on demonstrators, about 100
killed
1966 - 1st official meeting after 400 years of Catholic
& Anglican Church
1968 - 30th NCAA Men's Basketball Championship: UCLA beats
NC 78-55
1968 - Rev Walter Fauntroy, is 1st non-voting congressional
delegate from DC
1969 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Port Charlotte Golf
Invitational
1969 - Rally for Decency (Miami)
1970 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1971 - USSR performs underground nuclear test
Motorcycle Daredevil Evel KnievelMotorcycle Daredevil Evel
Knievel 1972 - Evel Knievel breaks 93 bones after successfully clearing 35 cars
1972 - NY Yanks agree to continue playing ball in the Bronx
1973 - After a 5½ year run soap "Love is a Many
Splendored Thing" ends
1973 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1973 - Yoko Ono is granted permanent residence in US
1975 - Sue Roberts wins LPGA Bing Crosby International Golf
Classic
1976 - International Bill of Rights goes into effect (35
nations ratifying)
1978 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1979 - Larry Holmes TKOs Osvaldo Ocasio in 7 for heavyweight
boxing title
1979 - Wings release "Goodnight Tonight"
1980 - Border completes 150 in each inning of Test Cricket v
Pakistan
1980 - Donna Caponi Young Pro-Am wins LPGA National Golf
Tournament
1980 - France performs nuclear test
1980 - Shah of Iran arrives in Egypt
1981 - Supreme Court upholds law making statutory rape a
crime only for men
Artist & Musician Yoko OnoArtist & Musician Yoko Ono
1981 - Supreme Court rules states could require, with some exceptions, parental
notification when teen-age girls sought abortions
1982 - Guatemala military coup under gen Rios Montt, pres
Romeo Lucas flees
1982 - Isle's Mike Bossy's 20th career hat trick-4 goals
1983 - US President Ronald Reagan introduces "Star
Wars"-plan (SDI)
1984 - Andrea Schone skates ladies world record 3 km
(4:20.91)
1984 - Ice Dance Championship at Ottawa won by J Torvill
& Chris Dean (GRB)
1984 - Ice Pairs Championship at Ottawa won by Underhill
& Paul Martini (CAN)
1984 - Ladies Fig Skating Championship in Ottawa won by
Katarina Witt (GDR)
1984 - Men's Fig Skating Championship in Ottawa won by Scott
Hamilton (USA)
1985 - Discovery moves to Vandenberg AFB for mating of STS
51-D mission
1985 - Julian Lennon's 1st concert (San Antonio Texas)
1985 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1986 - 6th Golden Raspberry Awards: Rambo: First Blood Part
II wins
1986 - Heavyweight Trevor Berbick KOs Pinklon Thomas
1986 - Penny Pulz wins LPGA Circle K Tucson Golf Open
US President & Actor Ronald ReaganUS President &
Actor Ronald Reagan 1987 - Soap "Bold & Beautiful" premieres
1987 - US offers military protection to Kuwaiti ships in the
Persian Gulf
1987 - West Germany SPD chairman Willy Brandt resigns
1989 - 2 Utah scientists claim they have produced fusion at
room temperature
1989 - Joel Steinberg sentenced to 25 yrs for killing his
adopted daughter
1990 - Former Exxon Valdez Captain Joseph Hazelwood ordered
to help clean up Prince William Sound & pay $50,000 in restitution for 1989
oil spill
1991 - 20 Tornadoes kill 5 in Tennessee
1991 - Sergei Bubka pole vaults world record indoor (6.12m)
1991 - 1st World League of American Football games, London
beats Frankfurt 24-11, Sacramento beats Raleigh-Dur 9-3 & Mont beats
Birmingham 20-5
1992 - Florida Marlins begin selling tickets
1993 - Belgian government of Dehaene, resigns
1993 - NY Knicks & Phoenix Suns get into a major brawl
1994 - Amy Fisher's lover Joey Buttafuoco is released from
jail
1994 - Graeme Obree bicycles world record 10 km (11:28)
1994 - Howard Stern formally announces his Libertarian run
for NY governor
Radio shock jock Howard SternRadio shock jock Howard Stern
1994 - Joey Buttafuoco, released from jail after 4 months & 9 days
1994 - Last day of Test cricket for Kapil Dev
1994 - Russian Airbus A-310 crashes in Siberia (74-75
killed)
1994 - Wayne Gretzky sets NHL record with 802 goals scored
1994 - Richard Jacobs buys naming rights to Indians new ball
park at Gateway for $13.8 million (renamed Jacobs Field)
1995 - "How To Succeed in Business..." opens at R
Rodgers NYC for 548 perfs
1995 - Dollar equals 88.41 yen (record)
1996 - Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses
Lee Teng-hui as President.
1997 - "Mandy Patinkin in Concert," closes at
Lyceum Theater NYC
1997 - 17th Golden Raspberry Awards: Striptease wins
1997 - Betsy King wins LPGA Standard Register PING
1997 - Liberty Legends of Senior Golf
1997 - Phil Mickelson wins Bay Hill Golf Invitiational
1997 - Wrestlemania XIII in Chicago, Undertaker beats Psycho
Sid for title
1997 - wins Standard Register PING
Actor Jack NicholsonActor Jack Nicholson 1998 - 70th Academy
Awards - "Titanic," Jack Nicholson & Helen Hunt win
1999 - Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis
María Argaña.
2001 - The Russian Mir space station is disposed of,
breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean
near Fiji.
2002 - 22nd Golden Raspberry Awards: Freddy Got Fingered
wins
2003 - In Nasiriyah, Iraq, 11 soldiers of the 507th
Maintenance Company as well as 18 U.S. Marines are killed during the first
major conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
2003 - 75th Academy Awards - "Chicago," Adrien
Brody & Nicole Kidman win
2004 - Andhra Pradesh Federation of Trade Unions holds its
first conference in Hyderabad, India.
2005 - The United States 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a
2-1 decision, refuses to order the reinsertion of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube.
2005 - A major explosion at the Texas City Refinery kills 15
workers.
2006 - The Federal Reserve discontinues publishing M3 money
supply.
2007 - Burnley Tunnel catastrophe occurs in Melbourne,
Australia.
2007 - Iranian Navy seize Royal Navy personnel in Iraqi
waters.
2012 - African Union suspends Mali's membership following a
coup
2013 - 20 people are killed and 200 are injured by a tornado
in Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh
2013 - The US Senate approves its first budget in four years
by a margin of 50–49
1026 - Koenraad II crowned himself king of Italy. 1066 - The 18th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet took place. 1490 - The first dated edition of Maimonides "Mishna Torah" was published. 1657 - France and England formed an alliance against Spain. 1775 - American revolutionary Patrick Henry declared, "give me liberty, or give me death!" 1794 - Josiah G. Pierson patented a rivet machine. 1806 - Explorers Lewis and Clark, reached the Pacific coast, and began their return journey to the east. 1808 - Napoleon's brother Joseph took the throne of Spain. 1835 - Charles Darwin reached Los Arenales, in the Andes. 1836 - The coin press was invented by Franklin Beale. 1839 - The first recorded use of "OK" [oll korrect] was used in Boston's Morning Post. 1840 - The first successful photo of the Moon was taken. 1848 - Hungary proclaimed its independence of Austria. 1857 - Elisha Otis installed the first modern passenger elevator in a public building. It was at the corner of Broome Street and Broadway in New York City. 1858 - Eleazer A. Gardner patented the cable streetcar. 1861 - John D. Defrees became the first Superintendent of the United States Government Printing Office. 1861 - London's first tramcars began operations. 1868 - The University of California was founded in Oakland, CA. 1880 - John Stevens patented the grain crushing mill. The mill increased flour production by 70 percent. 1881 - The Boers and Britain signed a peace accord ending the first Boer war. 1881 - A gas lamp caused a fire in an opera house in Nice, France. 70 people were killed. 1889 - U.S. President Harrison opened Oklahoma for white colonization. 1901 - Dame Nellie Melba, revealed the secret of her now famous toast. 1901 - It was learned that Boers were starving in British concentration camps in South Africa. 1901 - Shots were fired at Privy Councilor Pobyedonostzev, who was considered to be Russia's most hated man. 1902 - In Italy, the minimum legal working age was raised from 9 to 12 for boys and from 11 to 15 for girls. 1903 - The Wright brothers obtained an airplane patent. 1903 - U.S. troops were sent to Honduras to protect the American consulate during revolutionary activity. 1909 - British Lt. Shackleton found the magnetic South Pole. 1909 - Theodore Roosevelt began an African safari sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society. 1910 - In the Canary Islands, women offered candidates for legislative elections. 1912 - The Dixie Cup was invented. 1917 - Austrian Emperor Charles I made a peace proposal to French President Poincare. 1917 - In the Midwest U.S., four tornadoes kill 211 people over a four day period. 1918 - Lithuania proclaimed independence. 1919 - Benito Mussolini founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy. 1920 - Britain denounced the U.S. because of their delay in joining the League of Nations. 1920 - The Perserikatan Communist of India (PKI) political party was formed. 1921 - Arthur G. Hamilton set a new parachute record when he safely jumped from 24,400 feet. 1922 - The first airplane landed at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. 1925 - The state of Tennessee enacted a law that made it a crime for a teacher in any state-supported public school to teach any theory that was in contradiction to the Bible's account of man's creation. 1932 - In the U.S., the Norris-LaGuardia Act established workers' right to strike. 1933 - The German Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act. The act effectively granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial legislative powers. 1934 - The U.S. Congress accepted the independence of the Philippines in 1945. 1936 - Italy, Austria & Hungary signed the Pact of Rome. 1937 - The L.A. Railway Co. started using PCC streetcars. 1940 - "Truth or Consequences" was heard on radio for the first time. 1942 - The Japanese occupy the Andaman Islands. 1942 - During World War II, the U.S. government began evacuating Japanese-Americans from West Coast homes to detention centers. 1950 - "Beat the Clock" premiered on CBS-TV. 1951 - U.S. paratroopers descended from flying boxcars in a surprise attack in Korea. 1956 - Pakistan became the first Islamic republic. It was still within the British Commonwealth. 1956 - Sudan became independent. 1957 - The U.S. Army sold the last of its homing pigeons. 1965 - America's first two-person space flight took off from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Virgil I. Grissom and John W. Young aboard. The craft was the Gemini 3. 1965 - The Moroccan Army shot at demonstrators. About 100 people were killed. 1967 - Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. called the Vietnam War the biggest obstacle to the civil rights movement. 1970 - Mafia "Boss" Carlo Gambino was arrested for plotting to steal $3 million. 1972 - The U.S. called a halt to the peace talks on Vietnam being held in Paris. 1972 - Evel Knievel broke 93 bones after successfully jumping 35 cars. 1973 - The last airing of "Concentration" took place. The show had been on NBC for 15 years. 1980 - The deposed shah of Iran, Muhammad Riza Pahlavi, left Panama for Egypt. 1981 - U.S. Supreme Court upheld a law making statutory rape a crime for men but not women. 1981 - CBS Television announced plans to reduce "Captain Kangaroo" to a 30-minute show each weekday morning. 1983 - U.S. President Reagan first proposed development of technology to intercept enemy missiles. The proposal became known as the Strategic Defense Initiative and "Star Wars." 1983 - Dr. Barney Clark died after 112 days with a permanent artificial heart. 1989 - A 1,000-foot diameter asteroid missed Earth by 500,000 miles. 1989 - Joel Steinberg was sentenced to 25 years for killing his adopted daughter. 1989 - Two electrochemists, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman, announced that they had created nuclear fusion in a test tube at room temperature. 1990 - Former Exxon Valdez Captain Joseph Hazelwood was ordered to help clean up Prince William Sound and pay $50,000 in restitution for the 1989 oil spill. 1993 - U.N. experts announced that record ozone lows had been registered over a large area of the Western Hemisphere. 1994 - Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexico's leading presidential candidate, was assassinated in Tijuana. Mario Aburto Martinez was arrested at the scene and confessed to the killing. 1994 - Wayne Gretzky broke Gordie Howe's National Hockey League (NHL) career record with his 802nd goal. 1994 - Howard Stern formally announced his Libertarian run for New York governor. 1996 - Taiwan held its first democratic presidential elections. 1998 - Germany's largest bank pledged $3.1 million to Jewish foundations as restitution for Nazi looting. 1998 - The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that term limits for state lawmakers were constitutional. 1998 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin fired his Cabinet. 1998 - The movie "Titanic" won 11 Oscars at the Academy Awards. 1998 - The German company Bertelsmann AG agreed to purchase the American publisher Random House for $1.4 billion. The merger created the largest English-language book-publishing company in the world. 1999 - Paraguay's Vice President Luis Maria Argana was shot to death by two gunmen. 1999 - NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana gave formal approval for air strikes against Serbian targets. 1999 - Near Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan, a bus fell into a fast-moving canal. Nine were confirmed dead, 31 were missing and presumed dead, and 20 were injured. 2001 - Russia's orbiting Mir space station plunged into the South Pacific after its 15-years of use.
1775 Patrick Henry declared "Give me liberty, or give me death." 1806 Lewis and Clark began their return journey east. 1919 Benito Mussolini founded his own party in Italy, the Fasci di Combattimento. 1983 U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed a space-based missile defense system called the Strategic Defense Initiative or “Star Wars.” 1998 The motion picture epic “Titanic” won 11 Oscars at the 70th Academy Awards, tying it with “Ben-Hur” for the most ever. 2001 Russia's Mir space station ended its 15-year orbit of the Earth, splashing down in the South Pacific. 2003 A U.S. Army convoy was ambushed in Iraq with 11 killed and seven captured, including Pfc. Jessica Lynch. 2010 President Barack Obama signed a health-care overhaul bill, called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, into law.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/mar23.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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