Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in 1502, Vasco da Gama returned to Calicut for the second time. In 1697 on this day, Germany signed a French/English/Spanish/Neth/Brandenburgs peace treaty ending Nine Year War. THe US Navy formed on this day in 1775. In 1886 on this day, Great-Britain and Germany divided the boundaries in East Africa between one another. On this day in 1893, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, honoring the 400th anniversary of Columbus "discovering" America, closed. The beautiful "White City" built for this occasion burned down and was largely lost forever not long afterwards. On this day in 1918, the Ottoman Empire came to peace terms with the Allied nations, ending their fight in World War I. In 1938 on this day, right here in the Garden State of New Jersey, the infamous radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds" was taken by many listeners as news reports of a real alien invasion, causing a bit of a panic regionally. On this day in 1995, advocates of a sovereign Québec very narrowly lost a referendum that might have given Québec independence. A narrow majority of voters there chose to remain a part of Canada.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
• 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
• 701 - John VI of Greece begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 942 - Alberic nominates Pope Marinus II (Martinus III)
• 1077 - German king Henry IV gives away bisdom Utrecht county Staveren
• 1137 - Battle of Rignano between Ranulf of Apulia and Roger II of Sicily.
• 1270 - The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis ends by agreement between Charles I of Sicily (brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis.
1340 - Battle of Rio Salado.
Royal France
• 1389 - French king Charles VI visits pope Clemens VII
• 1468 - Charles the Stout occupies & plunders Luik
• 1470 - Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle.
• 1485 - Henry VII of England crowned at Westminster Abbey, London
• 1489 - Peace of Tours, between emperor Maximilian I & Flemings
• 1502 - Vasco da Gama returns to Calicut for the second time.
1503 - Queen Isabella of Spain bans violence against indians
1534 - English Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the English church - a role formerly held by the Pope
1611 - Gustaaf II Adolf (17) becomes king of Sweden
• 1629 - King Charles I gives Bahamas to Sir Robert Heath
• 1697 - Germany signs French/English/Spanish/Neth/Brandenburgs peace treaty ending 9 year War
Picture of a bust of John Adams
• 1735 - John Adams, the second President of the United States, was born in Braintree, MA. His son became the sixth President of the U.S.
• 1739 - England declares war on Spain: War of Jenkin's Ear [NS=Oct 19]
King of England King Charles IKing of England King Charles I
• 1768 - 1st Methodist church in US initiated (Wesley Chapel, NYC)
Picture of a statue of British explorer Captain James Cook
• 1772 - Captain James Cook arrived with ship Resolution in Cape Town
• 1775 - 1st navy in US forms
Pictures of the statue of Simón Bolívar just outside of Central Park in New York City.
• 1817 - The independent government of Venezuela was established by Simon Bolivar. On October 30, 1817, Simón Bolívar was made President of the Third Republic of Venezuela. This event established an independent government in Venezuela and marked a key moment in the country's struggle for independence from Spain.
• 1851 - Alfred de Mussets "Bettine," premieres in Paris
• 1864 - Helena, Montana's capital, founded
1866 - Jesse James gang robs bank in Lexington Missouri ($2000)
1868 - John Menard of Louisiana is 1st black elected to Congress
1871 - Phila Athletics beat Chicago for 1st Natl Association baseball pennant
1873 - P T Barnum's circus, "Greatest Show on Earth," debuts (NYC)
• 1883 - Austria-Hungary/Germany/Romania signs military treaty
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• 1886 - Great-Britain/Germany divide boundaries in East Africa
1888 - John J Loud patents ballpoint pen
1888 - Ndebele-king Lobengula grants Cecil Rhodes, Mashonaland £100 per month
• 1893 - Senate approves repealing Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
1894 - Daniel Cooper patents time clock
Outlaw Jesse JamesOutlaw Jesse James 1894 - Domenico Melegatti obtains a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially.
1896 - Martha Hughes Cannon of Utah becomes 1st female senator
The Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, South Africa.
• 1899 - Battle at Ladysmith Natal: Boers beat lt-general Whites army
Statue of soldier, author and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London
• 1899 - British Morning Post reporter Winston Churchill reaches Capetown
1900 - 1st-ever US auto show opens in Madison Square Garden in NYC
1901 - Battle at Bakenlaagte: lt-col Bensons unit vs Boers
• 1905 - "October Manifesto" Russian Tsar Nicholas II grants civil liberties
1905 - GB Shaw's "Mrs Warren's Profession," premieres in NYC
• 1905 - Tsar of Russia accepts 1st Duma (Parliament)
1911 - Clark Griffith is named manager of Wash Senators
1914 - Allied offensive at Ypres (Belgium) begins
• 1917 - British government gives final approval to Balfour Declaration
• 1918 - Slovakia asks for creation of Czechoslovakian state
1919 - Baseball league presidents call for abolishment of spitball
1920 - The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney.
Absolute monarch Nicholas IIAbsolute monarch Nicholas II 1922 - Anxious to compete with the Yankees, the NY Giants pay $65,000 & 3 players for Jack Bentley (hits .349 & is 13-1 as pitcher in 1922)
• 1922 - Benito Mussolini forms government in Italy
1925 - KUT-AM in Austin TX begins radio transmissions
1929 - The Stuttgart Cable Car is constructed in Stuttgart, Germany.
• 1930 - Turkey & Greece sign a treaty of friendship
1931 - W2XB TV channel 1 in NYC, NY (NBC) begins broadcasting
• 1938 - Orson Welles panics a nation with broadcast of "War of the Worlds"
• 1939 - USSR & Germany agree on partitioning Poland, Hitler deports Jews
1939 - German U boat fails on attack of English battleship Nelson with Winston Churchill, Dudley Pound & Charles Forbes aboard
1940 - Cole Porters musical "Panama hattie," premieres in NYC
1941 - USS Reuben James torpedoed by Germans, even though US is not in war
1942 - 8th day of battle at El Alamein: new Australian assault
1942 - US aircraft carrier Enterprise reaches Noumea
• 1943 - Molotov-Eden-Cordell Hull accord over operations at UN
• 1943 - Soviet forces under Tolbuchin stick Sivash-bay about
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler 1944 - Aaron Copland's "Appalachian Spring," premieres in Wash DC
• 1944 - Anne Frank (of Diary fame) is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen
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Auschwitz
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• 1944 - Last transport for Auschwitz arrives in Birkenau
• 1944 - Scottish Highlanders liberate Waalwijk
1944 - Sweden announces intention to stay neutral & refuse sanctuary in WW II
1944 - Tholen Island freed
1945 - Branch Rickey signs Jackie Robinson to a Montreal Royals
• 1945 - US government announces end of shoe rationing
• 1947 - 23 countries sign GATT agreement in Geneva
1947 - Darius Milhauds 3rd Symphony "Hymnus Ambrosianus," premieres in Paris
1948 - 20 die & 6,000 made ill by smog in Donora Pennsylvania
1948 - Operation Hiram: Israelis take control of Galilee
1949 - "Lost in the Stars" opens at Music Box Theater NYC for 281 perfs
1949 - Kurt Weill & Maxwell Anderson's musical premieres in NYC
1950 - David Diamond's 3rd Symphony, premieres
Baseball Player Jackie RobinsonBaseball Player Jackie Robinson 1950 - Pope Pius XII witnesses "The Miracle of the Sun" while at the Vatican.
1951 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1952 - Clarence Birdseye sells 1st frozen peas
Nobel Prize
• 1953 - Dr Albert Schweitzer & Gen George C Marshall win Nobel Peace Prize
• 1954 - Defense Department announces elimination of all segregated regiments
1954 - US Armed Forces end segregation of races
1954 - 1st use of 24-sec shot clock in pro basketball (Rochester vs Boston)
1955 - Imtiaz Ahmed scores 209 v NZ, the record for a no 8 batsman
1956 - Israel captures Egyptian militay post at El-Thamad
1956 - Dodgers sell Ebbets Field to a real estate group They agree to stay until 1959, with an option to stay until 1961
1957 - Dmitri Sjostakovitch's 11th Symphony premieres in Moscow
1957 - Soviet Union launches, Sputnik II, carrying a dog named Laika
1957 - WLWI (now WTHR) TV channel 13 in Indianapolis, IN (ABC) 1st broadcast
1957 - WYTV TV channel 33 in Youngstown, OH (ABC) begins broadcasting
1960 - Guatemala's "La Hora" reports plan for invasion on Cuba
1960 - Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
• 1961 - Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb
• 1961 - UN unanimously elects U Thant acting secretary general of the UN
Soviet Union Premier Joseph StalinSoviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin
• 1961 - Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square
1962 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Johnston Island
• 1963 - Morocco & Algeria signs cease fire
1963 - Sandy Koufax wins NL MVP award
1964 - Tran Van Huong appointed premier of South Vietnam
1965 - Clifford Ann Creed wins LPGA Las Cruces Golf Open
1965 - Fireworks explosions kill 50 in Cartagena, Colombia
1966 - Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Las Cruces Ladies Golf Open
1967 - Arthur Allyn says White Sox will play 9 games in Milwaukee in 1968
1967 - Ferdinand Bracke bicycles world record time (48,093 km)
1967 - USSR Kosmos 186 & 188 make 1st automatic docking & Venmera 13 launch
1968 - Nobel prize for chemistry awarded to Lars Onsager (thermodynamics)
1968 - Nobel prize for physics awarded to Luis Alvarez (bubble chamber)
1968 - Queen Juliana opens IJ tunnel in Amsterdam
1969 - WXPO (now WNDS) TV channel 50 in Manchester, NH (IND) 1st broadcast
1970 - KVEW TV channel 42 in Kennewick, WA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1972 - 45 die in a train crash in Chicago Ill
1972 - Worst US rail accident in 14 years; 45 die in Chicago
1973 - Tom Seaver becomes 1st non-20-game winner to win Cy Young award
• 1973 - The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time.
1974 - California Angel Nolan Ryan throws fastest recorded pitch (100.9 MPH)
1974 - Catfish Hunter is named AL Cy Young Award
Heavyweight Boxing Champion Muhammad AliHeavyweight Boxing Champion Muhammad Ali 1974 - Muhammad Ali KOs George Foreman in 8th round in Kinshasa Zaire ('The Rumble in the Jungle')
1975 - Giants pitcher John "the Count of" Montefusco wins NL Rookie of Year
1975 - John Bucyk, Boston, became 7th NHLer to score 500 goals
1975 - Juan Carlos assumes power in Spain
1975 - NY Daily News runs headline "Ford to City: Drop Dead"
1976 - "Going Up" closes at John Golden Theater NYC after 49 performances
1976 - Jane Pauley becomes news co-anchor of Today Show
1976 - Rev Joseph Evans elected president of United Church of Christ
1977 - Panama 747SP lands after polar flight around Earth in record 54:07
1978 - Laura Nickel & Curt Noll find 25th Mersenne prime, 2 ^ 21701-1
1978 - Uganda troops attack Tanzania
1979 - NASA launches space vehicle S-203
1979 - Richard Arrington elected mayor of Birmingham
• 1980 - Honduras & El Salvador settle their boundary dispute
1980 - NASA launches Flt Satcom-4
Flag of Portugal
• 1982 - Portugal revises constitution
1983 - The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.
1984 - Tigers reliever Willie Hernandez wins AL Cy Young Award
Picture of the space shuttle at Expo Park in Los Angeles, California
• 1985 - 22nd Space Shuttle Mission (61-A)-Challenger 9-launched
1986 - Discovery moves to OPF where more than 200 modification are made
1987 - In Japan, NEC releases the first 16-bit home entertainment system, the TurboGrafx-16, known as PC Engine.
1988 - 2 gambling clubs & 1 player share 61.38 M California lotto jackpot
1988 - Beth Daniel wins Nichirei Ladies Cup US-Japan Team Golf Championship
1988 - Jim Elliott (US) completes 24-hr paced outdoor race for 548.9 mi
1988 - NY Jets finally beat Pittsburgh Steelers for 1st time
1989 - August A Busch III becomes CEO of St Louis Cards
1989 - Smith Dairy at Orrville Ohio, makes largest milk shake (1,575.2 gal)
1990 - England-France complete "Chunnel"
• 1991 - Colombian government negotiate with M-19-guerrilla
1991 - Mark Sauer becomes CEO of Pittsburgh Pirates
1991 - Mid East peace conference begins in Madrid Spain
1992 - MTA begins installing automated fare collection turnstiles
1993 - Toronto Maple Leafs lose 1st game of season after going 10-0-0
• 1994 - Leftist coalition wins Marcedonia parliamentary election
1994 - Thomas Nicely reports bug in Intel's Pentium-processor on Internet
1994 - US wins Nichirei LPGA Golf International
• 1995 - Quebec Referendum votes to remain part of Canada
1997 - "Cherry Orchard," opens at Martin Beck Theater NYC
1997 - Shirley Allen, 51, held Illinois police off for 39 days captured
2002 - British Digital terrestrial television (DTT) Service Freeview begins transmitting in parts of the United Kingdom.
• 2005 - The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.
2012 - Walt Disney purchases Lucasfilm Ltd and its rights for Star Wars and Indiana Jones for $4.05 billion
1831 - Escaped slave Nat Turner was apprehended in Southampton County, VA, several weeks after leading the bloodiest slave uprising in American history. 1875 - The constitution of Missouri was ratified by popular vote. 1893 - The U.S. Senate gave final approval to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. 1894 - The time clock was patented by Daniel M. Cooper of Rochester, NY. 1938 - Orson Welles' "The War of the Worlds" aired on CBS radio. The belief that the realistic radio dramatization was a live news event about a Martian invasion caused panic among listeners. 1943 - In Moscow, a declaration was signed by the Governments of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and China called for an early establishment of an international organization to maintain peace and security. The goal was supported on December 1, 1943, at a meeting in Teheran. 1944 - Martha Graham's ballet "Appalachian Spring" premiered at the Library of Congress. 1945 - The U.S. government announced the end of shoe rationing. 1953 - General George C. Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 1961 - The Soviet Union tested a hydrogen bomb with a force of approximately 58 megatons. 1961 - The Soviet Party Congress unanimously approved an order to remove Joseph Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb. 1972 - U.S. President Richard Nixon approved legislation to increase Social Security spending by $5.3 billion. 1972 - In Illinois, 45 people were killed when two trains collided on Chicago's south side. 1975 - Prince Juan Carlos assumed power in Spain as dictator Francisco Franco was near death. 1975 - The New York Daily News ran the headline "Ford to City: Drop Dead." The headline came a day after U.S. President Gerald R. Ford said he would veto any proposed federal bailout of New York City. 1982 - Portugal's constitution was revised for the first time since it was ratified on April 25, 1976. 1984 - In Poland, police found the body of kidnapped pro-Solidarity priest Father Jerry Popieluszko. His death was blamed on four security officers. 1989 - Mitsubishi Estate Company announced it would buy 51 percent of Rockefeller Group Inc. of New York. 1993 - Martin Fettman, America's first veterinarian in space, performed the world's first animal dissections in space, while aboard the space shuttle Columbia. 1993 - The United Nations deadline concerning ousted Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide passed with country's military still in control. 1995 - Federalist prevailed over separatists in Quebec in a referendum concerning secession from the federation of Canada. 1997 - The play revival "The Cherry Orchard" opened. 1998 - The terrorist who hijacked a Turkish Airlines plane and the 39 people on board was killed when anti-terrorist squads raided the plane. 2001 - In New York City, U.S. President George W. Bush threw out the first pitch at Game 3 of the World Series between the New York Yankees and the Arizona Diamondbacks. 2001 - Michael Jordan returned to the NBA with the Washington Wizards after a 3 1/2 year retirement. The Wizards lost 93-91 to the New York Knicks.
1534 The English parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the English church. 1938 Radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds, starring Orson Welles, caused nationwide panic among listeners. 1944 Martha Graham's ballet Appalachian Spring, with music by Aaron Copland, premiered. 1953 Gen. George C. Marshall won the Nobel Peace Prize for originating the Marshall Plan. 1974 Muhammad Ali knocked out George Foreman in the eighth round of a 15-round bout in Kinshasa, Zaire ("rumble in the jungle") to regain his world heavyweight title.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
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