On this day in 43 BCE, the Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian", later "Caesar Augustus"), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony was formed. On this day in 1793 during the French Revolution, the Republican calendar replaced the Gregorian calendar in France. In 1835 on this day, the HMS Beagle (with Charles Darwin aboard) left Tahiti, bound for New Zealand. In 1922 on this day, archaeologists enter the tomb of King Tut, forever changing our collective understanding of ancient Egypt. On this day in 1941, American President Franklin D Roosevelt established the fourth Thursday of every November as Thanksgiving Day. Also on this day in 1941, a Japanese task force left for Pearl Harbor. In 1944 on this day, Himmler ordered the destruction of Auschwitz & Birkenau crematoriums. In 1950 on this day during the Korean War, Chinese counterattacks in Korea change the nature of that war.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
• 43 BCE - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian", later "Caesar Augustus"), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony is formed.
• 579 - Pelagius II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 783 - Asturian queen Adosinda was put in the monastery of San Juan de Pravia, where she lived out the rest of her life, to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus.
• 1476 - Vlad III Dracula defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Bathory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time.
• 1527 - Pope Clemens VII signs treaty with emperor Karel I
• 1580 - French Huguenots & Roman Catholics sign peace treaty 1598 - Jacob of Neck's merchant fleet reaches Bantam West-Java
• 1648 - Pope Innocent X condemns Peace of Westphalia
• 1688 - Duke of Savoye signs on to League of Augsburg
• 1688 - French King Louis XIV declares war on Netherlands
• 1688 - King James II escapes back to London
• 1702 - Premiere of Colley Cibber's "King Imposter"
• 1703 - Great storm hits Southern England thousands killed, Royal Navy losses 13 ships and around 1,500 seamen
• 1716 - 1st lion exhibited in America (Boston)
• 1741 - French & Beiers army occupies Prague
• 1764 - France bans Jesuit enorde
Picture of a statue of British explorer Captain James Cook
• 1778 - Captain Cook discovers Maui in the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii)
• 1784 - Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of the United States established.
• 1789 - 1st national Thanksgiving in United States
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• 1793 - Republican calendar replaces Gregorian calendar in France
• 1805 - Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, carrying the Llangollen canal 126 feet above the River Dee 1825 - 1st college fraternity founded (Kappa Alpha (Union College, NY)) 1832 - 1st streetcar railway in America starts operating (NYC) (12 cent fare) 1835 - HMS Beagle leaves Tahiti for NZ
• 1841 - 1st date in James Clavell's novel Tai-Pan 1842 - The University of Notre Dame is founded. 1847 - Alfred de Mussets "Un Caprice" premieres in Paris
• 1859 - Last weekly installment of Charles Dickens' "A Tale Of Two Cities" is published in literary periodical All the Year Round
• 1861 - West Virginia created as a result of dispute over slavery with Virginia 1863 - -Dec 2] Mine Run campaign, VA 1864 - Confederate troops vacate Sandersville Georgia 1864 - Skirmish at Sylvan Brutal/Waynesboro, Georgia
• 1865 - "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll published in USA
• 1865 - Battle of Papudo: The Spanish navy engages a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet north of Valparaiso, Chile.
Author and Mathematician Lewis CarrollAuthor and Mathematician Lewis Carroll 1867 - Refrigerated railroad car patented by JB Sutherland of Detroit 1868 - 1st baseball game played in enclosed field in SF, at 25th & Folsom 1885 - 1st meteor photograph
• 1894 - King Lafia "Absalamu" of Nikki signs accord with France 1895 - Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association forms 1896 - 1st large indoor football game, U of Chic beats U of Mich 7-6 1896 - A A Stagg of U Chicago creates American football huddle
• 1898 - -27) Snow/ice storm over US; 455 die 1898 - SS Portland “The Titanic of New England” leaves for Cape Cod, shipwrecked off Cape Ann, all 192 on board killed 1909 - Sigma Alpha Mu is founded in the City College of New York by 8 Jewish young men. 1910 - 2nd CFL Grey Cup: University of Toronto defeats Hamilton Tigers, 16-7
• 1913 - Russian kingdom forbids Polish congregation of speakers 1913 - Phi Sigma Sigma is founded at Hunter College in New York City.
1914 - Battleship HMS Bulwark explodes at Sheerness Harbour, England, 788 die 1916 - Greece declares war on Germany
• 1918 - The Podgorica Assembly votes for "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia. Archaeologist and Discoverer of Tutankhamun Howard CarterArchaeologist and Discoverer of Tutankhamun Howard Carter
• 1922 - English archaeologist Howard Carter opens Toetanchamon's (Tut) tomb
Nov 26, 1922: Archaeologists enter tomb of King Tut
In Egypt's Valley of the Kings, British archaeologists Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first souls to enter King Tutankhamen's tomb in more than 3,000 years. Tutankhamen's sealed burial chambers were miraculously intact, and inside was a collection of several thousand priceless objects, including a gold coffin containing the mummy of the teenage king.
When Carter first arrived in Egypt, in 1891, most of the ancient Egyptian tombs had been discovered, and the majority of these had been hopelessly plundered by tomb raiders over the millennia. However, Carter was a brilliant excavator, and in the first years of the 20th century he discovered the tombs of Queen Hatshepsut and King Thutmose IV. Around 1907, he became associated with the Earl of Carnarvon, a collector of antiquities who commissioned Carter to supervise excavations in the Valley of the Kings. By 1913, most experts felt there was nothing in the Valley left to be uncovered. Carter, however, persisted in his efforts, convinced that the tomb of the little-known King Tutankhamen might still be found.
King Tutankhamen was enthroned in 1333 B.C. when he was still a child. He died a decade later at the age of 18 and thus made only a faint impression on the history of ancient Egypt. In the 13th century B.C., Tutankhamen and the other "Amarna" kings were publicly condemned, and most records of them were destroyed--including the location of Tutankhamen's tomb. A century later, in the 12th century B.C., workers building a tomb for Ramses VI inadvertently covered Tutankhamen's tomb with a deep layer of chips, further protecting it from future discovery.
After World War I, Carter began an intensive search for Tutankhamen's tomb and on November 4, 1922, discovered a step leading to its entrance. Lord Carnarvon rushed to Egypt, and on November 23 they broke through a mud-brick door, revealing the passageway that led to Tutankhamen's tomb. There was evidence that robbers had entered the structure at some point, and the archaeologists feared they had discovered yet another pillaged tomb. However, on November 26 they broke through another door, and Carter leaned in with a candle to take a look. Behind him, Lord Carnarvon asked, "Can you see anything?" Carter replied, "Yes, wonderful things."
It was the antechamber of Tutankhamen's tomb, and it was gloriously untouched. The dusty floor still showed the footprints of the tomb builders who left the room more than 3,000 years before. Apparently, the robbers who had broken into Tutankhamen's tomb had done so soon after it was completed and were caught before moving into the interior chambers and causing serious damage.
Thus began a monumental excavation process in which Carter carefully explored the four-room tomb over several years, uncovering an incredible collection of several thousand objects. In addition to numerous pieces of jewelry and gold, there was statuary, furniture, clothes, a chariot, weapons, and numerous other objects that shed a brilliant light on the culture and history of ancient Egypt. The most splendid find was a stone sarcophagus containing three coffins nested within each other. Inside the final coffin, made out of solid gold, was the mummified body of the boy-king Tutankhamen, preserved for 3,200 years. Most of these treasures are now housed in the Cairo Museum.
Nov 26, 1922: Archaeologists enter tomb of King Tut by HISTORY.com Editors Published: February 09, 2010 Last Updated: May 28, 2025:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-26/archaeologists-enter-tomb-of-king-tut
• 1924 - Mongolian People's Republic proclaimed
• 1925 - Netherlands & Germany sign trade agreement
1927 - 15th CFL Grey Cup: Toronto Balmy Beach defeats Hamilton Tigers, 9-6 1928 - Paul Claudel's "Lepdrehumily" premieres in Dresden 1928 - Philip Barry's "Holiday" premieres in NYC 1932 - Bradman completes 10,000 runs in first-class cricket, 126 innings 1933 - Camille Chautemps becomes French premier
• 1934 - German theologist Karl Barth surrenders to Nazis
• 1934 - Turkish regiment decrees importing family names
• 1939 - 4 soviet soldiers killed on Finnish-Russian border
• 1940 - Leidse students strike
• 1940 - Nazi Germany began walling off the Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw
Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C.
• On this day in 1941, American President Franklin D. Roosevelt officially established the modern Thanksgiving holiday.
Nov 26, 1941: FDR establishes modern Thanksgiving holiday
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs a bill officially establishing the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day.
The tradition of celebrating the holiday on Thursday dates back to the early history of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, when post-harvest holidays were celebrated on the weekday regularly set aside as "Lecture Day," a midweek church meeting where topical sermons were presented. A famous Thanksgiving observance occurred in the autumn of 1621, when Plymouth governor William Bradford invited local Indians to join the Pilgrims in a three-day festival held in gratitude for the bounty of the season.
Thanksgiving became an annual custom throughout New England in the 17th century, and in 1777 the Continental Congress declared the first national American Thanksgiving following the Patriot victory at Saratoga. In 1789, President George Washington became the first president to proclaim a Thanksgiving holiday, when, at the request of Congress, he proclaimed November 26, a Tuesday, as a day of national thanksgiving for the U.S. Constitution. However, it was not until 1863, when President Abraham Lincoln declared Thanksgiving to fall on the last Thursday of November, that the modern holiday was celebrated nationally.
With a few deviations, Lincoln's precedent was followed annually by every subsequent president--until 1939. In 1939, Franklin D. Roosevelt departed from tradition by declaring November 23, the next to last Thursday that year, as Thanksgiving Day. Considerable controversy surrounded this deviation, and some Americans refused to honor Roosevelt's declaration. For the next two years, Roosevelt repeated the unpopular proclamation, but on November 26, 1941, he admitted his mistake and signed a bill into law officially making the fourth Thursday in November the national holiday of Thanksgiving Day.
Nov 26, 1941: FDR establishes modern Thanksgiving holiday by HISTORY.com Editors Published: February 09, 2010 Last Updated: May 28, 2025:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/december-26/fdr-establishes-modern-thanksgiving-holiday
1941 - British North African commandant General Cunningham lay-offs
1941 - British troops conquer Belhamed, Sidi Rezegh & El Duda
1941 - Japanese naval carrier force left its base & moves east toward Pearl Harbor
Nov 26, 1941: Japanese task force leaves for Pearl Harbor
On this day in 1941, Adm. Chuichi Nagumo leads the Japanese First Air Fleet, an aircraft carrier strike force, toward Pearl Harbor, with the understanding that should "negotiations with the United States reach a successful conclusion, the task force will immediately put about and return to the homeland."
Negotiations had been ongoing for months. Japan wanted an end to U.S. economic sanctions. The Americans wanted Japan out of China and Southeast Asia-and to repudiate the Tripartite "Axis" Pact with Germany and Italy as conditions to be met before those sanctions could be lifted. Neither side was budging. President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull were anticipating a Japanese strike as retaliation—they just didn't know where. The Philippines, Wake Island, Midway—all were possibilities. American intelligence reports had sighted the Japanese fleet movement out from Formosa (Taiwan), apparently headed for Indochina. As a result of this "bad faith" action, President Roosevelt ordered that a conciliatory gesture of resuming monthly oil supplies for Japanese civilian needs canceled. Hull also rejected Tokyo's "Plan B," a temporary relaxation of the crisis, and of sanctions, but without any concessions on Japan's part. Prime Minister Tojo considered this an ultimatum, and more or less gave up on diplomatic channels as the means of resolving the impasse.
Nagumo had no experience with naval aviation, having never commanded a fleet of aircraft carriers in his life. This role was a reward for a lifetime of faithful service. Nagumo, while a man of action, did not like taking unnecessary risks—which he considered an attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor to be. But Chief of Staff Rear Adm. Isoruku Yamamoto thought differently; while also opposing war with the United States, he believed the only hope for a Japanese victory was a swift surprise attack, via carrier warfare, against the U.S. fleet. And as far as the Roosevelt War Department was concerned, if war was inevitable, it desired "that Japan commit the first overt act."
Nov 26, 1941: Japanese task force leaves for Pearl Harbor by HISTORY.com Editors Published: February 09, 2010 Last Updated: May 28, 2025:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-26/japanese-task-force-leaves-for-pearl-harbor
1941 - Lebanon gains independence from France
1942 - "Casablanca" premieres at Hollywood Theatre, NYC 1942 - Anti-fascist Council for National Liberation (AVNOJ) forms 1944 - 1st allied marines move onto Antwerp harbor 1944 - Himmler orders destruction of Auschwitz & Birkenau crematoriums 1945 - During snow storm, school bus crashes, kills 15 (Washington) 1948 - Belgian government of Spaak resigns 1949 - 37th CFL Grey Cup: Montreal Alouettes defeat Calgary Stampeders, 28-15 1949 - India adopts a constitution as a British Commonwealth Republic
1950 - China enters Korean conflict, sends troops across Yalu River
Nov 26, 1950: Chinese counterattacks in Korea change nature of war
In some of the fiercest fighting of the Korean War, thousands of communist Chinese troops launch massive counterattacks against U.S. and Republic of Korea (ROK) troops, driving the Allied forces before them and putting an end to any thoughts for a quick or conclusive U.S. victory. When the counterattacks had been stemmed, U.S. and ROK forces had been driven from North Korea and the war settled into a grinding and frustrating stalemate for the next two-and-a-half years.
In the weeks prior to the Chinese attacks, ROK and U.S. forces, under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, had succeeded in driving deeper into North Korea and were nearing the border with the People's Republic of China (PRC). The PRC issued warnings that the Allied forces should keep their distance, and beginning in October 1950 troops from the Chinese People's Liberation Army began to cross the border to assist their North Korean ally. Their numbers grew to around 300,000 by early November. Some bloody encounters occurred between the Chinese and ROK and U.S. forces, but the Chinese troops suddenly broke off offensive operations on November 6. This spurred MacArthur, who had always discounted the military effectiveness of the Chinese troops, to propose a massive new offensive by U.S. and ROK forces. Alternately referred to as the "End the War" or "Home by Christmas" offensive, the attack began on November 24. The offensive almost immediately encountered heavy resistance, and by November 26 the Chinese were launching destructive counterattacks along a 25-mile front. By December, U.S. and ROK forces had been pushed out of North Korea. Eventually, U.S. and ROK forces stopped the Chinese troops and the war settled into a military stalemate.
The massive Chinese attack brought an end to any thoughts that U.S. boys would be "home by Christmas." It also raised the specter of the war expanding beyond the borders of the Korean peninsula, something U.S. policymakers-leery of becoming entangled in a land war in Asia that might escalate into a nuclear confrontation with the Soviets-were anxious to avoid.
Nov 26, 1950: Chinese counterattacks in Korea change nature of war by HISTORY.com Editors Published: February 09, 2010 Last Updated: May 28, 2025:
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-26/chinese-counterattacks-in-korea-change-nature-of-war
1952 - 1st modern 3-D movie "Bwana Devil" premieres in Hollywood 1953 - KBOI (now KBCI) TV channel 2 in Boise, ID (CBS) begins broadcasting 1953 - WJHL TV channel 11 in Johnson City, TN (CBS) begins broadcasting
• 1953 - Yamada Koun, leader of Sanbo Kyodan line of Zen, found 1st awakening 1954 - Test Cricket debut of Colin Cowdrey v Australia at Gabba 1955 - "Boy Friend" closes at Royale Theater NYC after 483 performances 1955 - 43rd CFL Grey Cup: Edmonton Eskimos defeats Montreal Alouettes, 34-19 1955 - Emergency crisis proclaimed in Cyprus Country Singer Johnny CashCountry Singer Johnny Cash 1955 - Johnny Cash debuts Top 10 country song "Cry! Cry! Cry!" 1956 - "The Price Is Right" debuts on NBC 1956 - USSR single sculls winner Vyacheslav Ivanov wins Olympic gold medal in his excitement he jumps for joy, & loses his medal, it sinks 1957 - WCVB TV channel 5 in Boston, MA (ABC) begins broadcasting 1960 - 48th CFL Grey Cup: Ottawa Rough Riders defeats Edmonton Eskimos, 16-6 1960 - Minneapolis-St Paul baseball club takes the name Twins 1961 - For 2nd time in his career, St Louis' Jerry Norton has 4 interceptions 1961 - Pro Baseball Rules Committee votes 8-1 against legalizing the spitball 1962 - 1st recording session under name "Beatles" 1962 - Caribbean Air Transport Me NV (CLTM Airlines) forms 1962 - Fab Four have their 1st recording session under name Beatles 1963 - 29th Heisman Trophy Award: Roger Staubach, Navy (QB) 1963 - Cincinnati 2nd baseman Pete Rose wins NL Rookie of Year 1963 - Explorer 18 launched 1965 - Dodgers 2nd baseman Jim Lefebvre is voted NL Rookie of Year
• 1965 - France launches 1st satellite, 92 lb (42 kg) A1-capsule (Asterix) 1966 - "Walking Happy" opens at Lunt Fontanne Theater NYC for 161 perfs 1966 - 1st major tidal power plant opens at Rance estuary, France 1966 - 54th CFL Grey Cup: Saskatchewan Roughriders defeats Ottawa, 29-14 1967 - Browns' Carl Ward sets club record with a 104-yd kickoff return
• 1967 - Cloud burst over Lisbon kills about 450 1968 - 34th Heisman Trophy Award: O J Simpson, Southern Cal (RB) 1969 - 35th Heisman Trophy Award: Steve Owens, Oklahoma (RB)
• 1969 - Cream's final concert (Royal Albert Hall)
• 1969 - Lottery for Selective Service draftees bill signed by President Nixon
• 1970 - In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever on record. 1972 - Pete Gogolak scores NY Giant record 8 pts after a touchdown 1973 - Nixon's personal sec, Rose Mary Woods, tells a federal court she accidentally caused part of 18½ minute gap in a key Watergate tape 1974 - Approximately 140 die when suspension bridge collapses (Nepal) 1974 - Catfish Hunter & Charlie Finley meet in arbitration 1974 - Greenidge scores 107 in 2nd innings of Test Cricket debut v India 1975 - Fed jury finds Lynette Fromme guilty of attempted assassination 1975 - France performs nuclear test at Fangataufa Island 1975 - Fred Lynn becomes the 1st rookie to win MVP 1975 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
• 1976 - German DR deprives singer/poet Wolf Biermann citizenship 1976 - Ringo releases "Hey Baby" single 1976 - Sex Pistols release their debut single "Anarchy In The UK" 1976 - Willy Brandt elected chairman of Social International 1977 - 'Vrillon', claiming to be the representative of the 'Ashtar Galactic Command', takes over Britain's Southern Television for six minutes at 5:12 PM. 1978 - 10 die as fire erupts at Holiday Inn in Rochester, NY 1978 - 1st lesbian theme TV movie - "Question of Love" 1978 - 66th CFL Grey Cup: Edmonton Eskimos defeats Montreal Alouettes, 20-13
• 1979 - Intl Olympic Committee votes to readmit China after 21 years
• 1980 - Columbia mated to SRBs & external tank at Vehicle Assembly Building 1980 - Mike Schmidt is unanimous choice as NL MVP 1982 - Clyde King named Yankee manager
• 1982 - Yasuhiro Nakasone elected PM of Japan succeeding Zenko Suzuki 1982 - Howard Cossell calls his last fight after being disgusted by Larry Holmes-Tex Cobb mismatch 1983 - Heathrow Airport, robbed of 6,800 gold bars worth $38.7 million 1984 - After 518 goals & 14 years with Mont Canadiens, Guy LaFleur retires 1984 - John W Mercom Jr announces NO Saints are up for sale for $75 million 1984 - Kim Hughes tearfully resigns as Australian cricket captain 1
984 - US & Iraq regain diplomatic relations
• 1985 - 23rd Space Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-is launched 1985 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island 37th US President Richard Nixon37th US President Richard Nixon 1985 - Random House buys Richard Nixons memoires for $3,000,000
1988 - Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalev & Jean-Loup Chretien launch 1988 - Pioneer 6's closest approach to Earth since 1965 launch (1.87 M km) 1989 - 77th CFL Grey Cup: Saskatchewan defeats Hamilton Tiger-Cats, 43-40 1989 - Comores coup under Bob Benard 1989 - Luis Alberto Lacalle becomes pres of Uruguay 1989 - Rafael Callejas installed as president of Honduras 1990 - 1st Billboard Music Awards: Janet Jackson & Phil Collins win 1990 - Buffalo Bills become 6th 1st place NFL team to lose on same weekend 1990 - Matsushita purchases MCA for $6.6 billion
• 1990 - Mikhail Gorbachev tells Iraq to get out of Kuwait
• 1990 - Premier Mazowiecki of Poland, resigns
• 1991 - Condoms are handed out to thousands of NY High School students 1993 - Political campaigners James Carville (49) & Mary Matalin wed 1995 - 33rd Tennis Fed Cup: Spain beats USA in Valencia Spain (3-2) Hall of Fame NFL Quarterback Dan MarinoHall of Fame NFL Quarterback Dan Marino 1995 - Dolphins QB Dan Marino sets NFL record with 343rd touchdown pass 1995 - New Zealand score 8-348 in 49 overs v India in Nagpur ODI 1996 - Baseball owners approve interleague play, 26-4 1996 - Colbert, Floyd & Irwin win Wendy's Senior 3 Tour Golf Challenge 1996 - Couples, Davies, Sheehan & Sorenstam win Wendy's Lady's 3 Tour Golf 1996 - Couples, Love & Stewart win Wendy's Men's 3 Tour Golf Challenge 1997 - Wash Capitals final game at USAir Arena, retire Rod Langway's #5
• 1998 - Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Republic of Ireland's parliament. 2003 - Concorde makes its last ever flight over Bristol, England. 2004 - Ruzhou School massacre: a man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China.
• 2008 - Terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India: Ten coordinated attacks by Pakistan-based terrorists kill 164 and injure more than 250 people in Mumbai, India.
• 2011 - 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani checkpost in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others.
• 2012 - 10 children are killed and 15 people are injured after a Syrian government Jet drops a cluster bomb on a playground
• 2012 - The cost of Hurricane Sandy to New York is announced to be $32 Billion
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