July 5th: This Day in History

 

Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history 

On this day in 649, St Martin I began his reign as Catholic Pope. In 767 on this day, Duke of Nepi named his brother (leek) Pope Constantine II. The brightest supernova (Crab Nebula) was first reported on this day in 1054. Scotland and France form an alliance, which would become the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England on this day in 1295. Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in English), more often simply known as the "Principia," was published by the Royal Society in England on this day in 1687. The "Principia" came to be known as one of the most important books in the history of science. It effectively laid the foundation for classical mechanics, as well introducing the world to Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravity. There was a slave revolt in Curacao on this day in 1750. On this day in 1775 in the early phase of the American Revolutionary War of Independence, the Continental Congress adopted the Olive Branch Petition, which was an appeal to King George IIII for reconciliation and peace. The Battle of Wagram began on this day in 1809, and would end the next day. It was a decisive victory for Napoleon's forces beats Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen. Venezuela became the first South American country to gain independence from Spain on this day in 1811. France invaded Algeria on this day in 1830, which marked the beginning of a gradual conquest that would take 40 years. The HMS Beagle, with British Botanist Charles Darwin aboard, departed Rio de Janeiro on this day in 1832. On this day in 1914 in the earliest phase of the Great War (now commonly known as World War I, Germany offered the Austro-Hungarian Empire assurances in order for them to aid Germany in the war against Russia in Serbia. There was a Republican offensive by Brunete during the Spanish Civil War on this day in 1937. France raised the tobacco tax 20% due to war in Algeria on this day in 1956. On this day in 1992 at the 106th Wimbledon Mens Tennis tournament, American Andre Agassi defeated Croatian Goran Ivanišević in the Men's Final 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 1-6, 6-4. It was the first Grand Slam championship in Agassi's career.

Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:

• On this day in 649, St Martin I began his reign as Catholic Pope

• In 767 on this day, Duke of Nepi named his brother (leek) Pope Constantine II

•  The brightest supernova (Crab Nebula) was first reported on this day in 1054.

1294 - Pietro del Murrone elected as Pope Coelestinus V

• Scotland and France form an alliance, which would become the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England on this day in 1295.

1436 - German emperor Sigismund signs peace with Hussieten

1450 - Pope Nicolas V names Walraven van Meurs bishop of Munster

• 1596 - English fleet under the earl of Essex plunder Cadiz 

• 1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. 

• 1626 - Battle at Lenz: Rebel Austrian Boers defeated 

• 1643 - 1st recorded tornado in US (Essex County, Massachusetts) 

Bust of Sir Isaac Newton

• Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in English), more often simply known as the "Principia," was published by the Royal Society in England on this day in 1687. The "Principia" came to be known as one of the most important books in the history of science. It effectively laid the foundation for classical mechanics, as well introducing the world to Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravity. 

•  There was a slave revolt in Curacao on this day in 1750. 

• 1770 - Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. 

• On this day in 1775 in the early phase of the American Revolutionary War of Independence, the Continental Congress adopted the Olive Branch Petition, which was an appeal to King George IIII for reconciliation and peace.

Jul 5, 1775: Congress adopts Olive Branch Petition

On this day in 1775, the Continental Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition, written by John Dickinson, which appeals directly to King George III and expresses hope for reconciliation between the colonies and Great Britain. Dickinson, who hoped desperately to avoid a final break with Britain, phrased colonial opposition to British policy as follows: "Your Majesty's Ministers, persevering in their measures, and proceeding to open hostilities for enforcing them, have compelled us to arm in our own defence, and have engaged us in a controversy so peculiarly abhorrent to the affections of your still faithful Colonists, that when we consider whom we must oppose in this contest, and if it continues, what may be the consequences, our own particular misfortunes are accounted by us only as parts of our distress."  

By phrasing their discontent this way, Congress attempted to notify the king that American colonists were unhappy with ministerial policy, not his own. They concluded their plea with a final statement of fidelity to the crown: "That your Majesty may enjoy long and prosperous reign, and that your descendants may govern your Dominions with honour to themselves and happiness to their subjects, is our sincere prayer."  

By July 1776, the Declaration of Independence proclaimed something very different: "The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States." Congress' language is critical to understanding the seismic shift that had occurred in American thought in just 12 months. Indeed, Congress insisted that Thomas Jefferson remove any language from the declaration that implicated the people of Great Britain or their elected representatives in Parliament. The fundamental grounds upon which Americans were taking up arms had shifted. The militia that had fired upon Redcoats at Lexington and Concord had been angry with Parliament, not the king, who they still trusted to desire only good for all of his subjects around the globe.  

This belief changed after King George refused to so much as receive the Olive Branch Petition. Patriots had hoped that Parliament had curtailed colonial rights without the kings full knowledge, and that the petition would cause him to come to his subjects' defense. When George III refused to read the petition, Patriots realized that Parliament was acting with royal knowledge and support. Americans' patriotic rage was intensified by the January 1776 publication by English-born radical Thomas Paine of Common Sense, an influential pamphlet that attacked the monarchy, which Paine claimed had allowed crowned ruffians to impoverish the nation and set it together by the ears.

1775  Congress adopts Olive Branch Petition HISTORY.com Editors  Published: November 13, 2009  Last Updated: May 27, 2025:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-5/congress-adopts-olive-branch-petition

• 1791 - Jose Maria Narvaez discovers Point Grey (now Vancouver BC) 

• 1803 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king). 

• 1808 - Battle of Buenos Aires 

French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

• The Battle of Wagram began on this day in 1809, and would end the next day. It was a decisive victory for Napoleon's forces beats Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

• Venezuela became the first South American country to gain independence from Spain on this day in 1811.

1813 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin. 

• 1814 - Americans defeat British & Canadians at Chippewa, Ontario 

• France invaded Algeria on this day in 1830, which marked the beginning of a gradual conquest that would take 40 years.

British Botanist Charles Darwin

• The HMS Beagle, with British Botanist Charles Darwin aboard, departed Rio de Janeiro on this day in 1832. 

1834 - Provisional government forms in Oregon Country 1841 - Thomas Cook opens 1st travel agency 1843 - Committee of 9 appointed to establish civil government in Oregon Country 1859 - Capt N C Brooks discovers Midway Islands 

1861 - Battle of Carthage, MO - US Gen Sigel attacks pro-secessionist 

Jul 5, 1861: Union and Rebel forces clash at Carthage, Missouri

On this day, the first large-scale engagement of the Civil War is fought in southwestern Missouri, signaling an escalation in the hostilities between the North and South.  

Missouri was the scene of some of the most bitter partisan fighting during the war, and the state was deeply divided after the clash at Fort Sumter, South Carolina in April 1861. The Missouri State Guardsmen, a force of 6,000 men commanded by Confederate Governor Claiborne Jackson and Colonel Sterling Price, were poorly equipped and outfitted mostly in civilian clothing. Their Union counterpart was a force of 1,100, mostly German-Americans from St. Louis, commanded by General Franz Sigel.  

Sigel's force occupied Springfield in late June, and then collided with the Confederates at nearby Carthage on July 5. Outnumbered, Sigel eventually withdrew, but was able to hold off several small attacks. By nightfall, the Union troops had retreated through Carthage and escaped a dangerous trap. Both sides declared victory, and losses were light: 13 Union men were killed and 31 were wounded, while 40 Confederates were killed and 120 were wounded. The forces remained in the area of Springfield, Missouri, gathering strength over the next month. They would fight again in August at Wilson's Creek, Missouri.

1861  Union and Rebel forces clash at Carthage, Missouri by History.com:

https://loki.editorial.aetnd.com/this-day-in-history/union-and-rebel-forces-clash-at-carthage-missouri

• 1863 - Battle of Jackson, MS & Battle of Birdsong Ferry, MS 1864 - Battle of Smith's Expedition, MS (Tupelo, Harrisburg) 1865 - Great Britain delegate's world 1st maximum speed laws 

• 1865 - US Secret Service began operating under the Treasury Department 

• 1871 - Trial against Kiowa chief Satanta (White Bear) & Big Tree, begins 

1878 - The coat of arms of the Baku governorate was established. 

• 1884 - German consul-general Gustav Nachtigal takes possession of Cameroon 

• 1884 - US Congress accept 2nd Chinese Exclusion Act 

1891 - Hail kills 6 horses in Rapid City, SD 

• 1900 - Compulsory education law passes Dutch 1st Chamber 

1913 - Queen Wilhelmina meets SDAP-leader Troelstra 

• On this day in 1914 in the earliest phase of the Great War (now commonly known as World War I, Germany offered the Austro-Hungarian Empire assurances in order for them to aid Germany in the war against Russia in Serbia. 

Jul 5, 1914: Germany gives Austria-Hungary blank check assurance

On July 5, 1914, in Berlin, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany pledges his country's unconditional support for whatever action Austria-Hungary chooses to take in its conflict with Serbia, a long-running rivalry thrown into crisis by the assassination, the previous June 28, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife by a Serbian nationalist during an official visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.  

Barely a week after Franz Ferdinand's murder, the Austrian Foreign Ministry sent an envoy, Alexander, Graf von Hoyos, to Berlin. Hoyos carried a memorandum from the office of the Austrian foreign secretary, Leopold Berchtold, expressing the need for action in the tumultuous Balkans region, as well as a personal letter to the same effect from Emperor Franz Josef to Kaiser Wilhelm. Both documents focused on the need for Austria-Hungary to establish an alliance with Bulgaria, in place of Romania—which Germany had previously favored as a possible Balkan ally—due to the latter nation's increasing closeness with Serbia and its powerful supporter, Russia. Neither the memorandum nor the emperor's letter specified that Austria-Hungary wanted war, but the memorandum—a new version of an earlier, less emphatic text written before Franz Ferdinand's assassination—stressed the need for immediate action, pointed to increased Serbian and Russian aggression and stated as an objective the elimination of Serbia as "a factor of political power in the Balkans."  

Austria's ambassador to Germany, Ladislaus Szogyeni-Marich, passed Hoyos' two documents to the kaiser over lunch on July 5, in Potsdam. Wilhelm was outraged by Franz Ferdinand's murder, and felt a sense of personal loss: the two had met at the archduke's country estate just two weeks before the assassination to discuss the situation in the Balkans. Though he initially demurred and said he needed to consult the German chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, he eventually—when pressed by the ambassador—responded with uncharacteristic decisiveness, promising Germany's "faithful support" for Austria-Hungary in whatever action it chose to take towards Serbia, even if Russia intervened. Later that afternoon, Wilhelm assembled a crown council, attended by Bethmann Hollweg, Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, and War Minister Erich von Falkenhayn, among others. From this meeting, a consensus emerged backing the kaiser's decision, which Bethmann Hollweg subsequently relayed to the Austrian representatives and Hoyos triumphantly carried back to Vienna.  

The kaiser's pledge, which historians have referred to as the carte blanche or "blank check" assurance, marked a decisive moment in the chain of events leading up to the outbreak of the First World War in Europe during the summer of 1914. Without Germany's backing, the conflict in the Balkans might have remained localized. With Germany promising to support Austria-Hungary's punitive actions towards Serbia, even at the cost of war with Russia, whose own powerful allies included France and Great Britain, the possible Balkan War threatened to explode into a general European one.

Germany gives Austria-Hungary “blank check” assurance HISTORY.com Editors  Published: November 05, 2009  Last Updated: January 25, 2025:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-5/germany-gives-austria-hungary-blank-check-assurance

1919 - 32nd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: S Lenglen beats Chambers (10-8 46 97) 1919 - Red Sox Babe Ruth hits 2 HRs in a game for his 1st of 72 times 1922 - 1st general election in Netherlands 1922 - Uprising of social righteousness in Rio de Janeiro 1922 - Women 1st vote in Dutch elections, Christian parties win Baseball Great Babe Ruth 1924 - Military revolt in Sao Paulo Brazil 1929 - 42nd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Helen Moody beats Helen Jacobs (61 62) 1929 - WOWO-AM, Indiana returns to air, 1 day after transmitter burns down 1930 - 50th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bill Tilden beats W Allison (63 97 64) 

Flag of Portugal

• 1932 - Antonio de Oliveira Salazar becomes premier/dictator of Portugal 

1933 - German party Catholic Center disbands 1934 - "Bloody Thursday" - Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco. 1935 - 1st "Hawaii Calls" radio program is broadcast 1935 - 1st time brothers on opposing teams hit HRs, Tony & Al Cuccunello 

Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C.

1935 - FDR signs National Labor Relations Act 

1936 - 120°F (49°C), Gannvalley, South Dakota (state record) 1937 - 117°F (47°C), Medicine Lake, Montana (state record) 1937 - Chicago Cub Frank Demaree gets 6 hits in 1st game & 2 in 2nd game 1937 - Joe DiMaggio's 1st grand slammer Yankee Clipper Joe DiMaggio 

Flag of Spain

• There was a Republican offensive by Brunete during the Spanish Civil War on this day in 1937. 

1937 - Spam, the luncheon meat, was introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation. 1938 - Herb Caen's 1st column in SF Chronicle 

• 1940 - Diplomatic relations broken between Britain & Vichy government in France 

1941 - German occupiers disband political parties 1942 - 1st performance of Heitor Villa-Lobos' Choros 6/9/11 1942 - Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada 1943 - Battle of Gulf of Kula 

• 1943 - Battle of Koersk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks) 1943 - Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biskaye 1943 - US invasion fleet (96 ships) sails to Sicily 1944 - Harry Crosby takes 1st rocket airplane, MX-324, for maiden flight 1945 - Labour Party wins British parliamentary election 

• 1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared. 

July 5, 1946: Bikini introduced   

On July 5, 1946, French designer Louis Reard unveils a daring two-piece swimsuit at the Piscine Molitor, a popular swimming pool in Paris. Parisian showgirl Micheline Bernardini modeled the new fashion, which Reard dubbed "bikini," inspired by a news-making U.S. atomic test that took place off the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean earlier that week.  

European women first began wearing two-piece bathing suits that consisted of a halter top and shorts in the 1930s, but only a sliver of the midriff was revealed and the navel was vigilantly covered. In the United States, the modest two-piece made its appearance during World War II, when wartime rationing of fabric saw the removal of the skirt panel and other superfluous material. Meanwhile, in Europe, fortified coastlines and Allied invasions curtailed beach life during the war, and swimsuit development, like everything else non-military, came to a standstill.  

In 1946, Western Europeans joyously greeted the first war-free summer in years, and French designers came up with fashions to match the liberated mood of the people. Two French designers, Jacques Heim and Louis Reard, developed competing prototypes of the bikini. Heim called his the "atom" and advertised it as "the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard's swimsuit, which was basically a bra top and two inverted triangles of cloth connected by string, was in fact significantly smaller. Made out of a scant 30 inches of fabric, Reard promoted his creation as "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit." Reard called his creation the bikini, named after the Bikini Atoll.  

In planning the debut of his new swimsuit, Reard had trouble finding a professional model who would deign to wear the scandalously skimpy two-piece. So he turned to Micheline Bernardini, an exotic dancer at the Casino de Paris, who had no qualms about appearing nearly nude in public. As an allusion to the headlines that he knew his swimsuit would generate, he printed newspaper type across the suit that Bernardini modeled on July 5 at the Piscine Molitor. The bikini was a hit, especially among men, and Bernardini received some 50,000 fan letters.  

Before long, bold young women in bikinis were causing a sensation along the Mediterranean coast. Spain and Italy passed measures prohibiting bikinis on public beaches but later capitulated to the changing times when the swimsuit grew into a mainstay of European beaches in the 1950s. Reard's business soared, and in advertisements he kept the bikini mystique alive by declaring that a two-piece suit wasn't a genuine bikini "unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring."  

In prudish America, the bikini was successfully resisted until the early 1960s, when a new emphasis on youthful liberation brought the swimsuit en masse to U.S. beaches. It was immortalized by the pop singer Brian Hyland, who sang "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini" in 1960, by the teenage "beach blanket" movies of Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon, and by the California surfing culture celebrated by rock groups like the Beach Boys. Since then, the popularity of the bikini has only continued to grow.

1946  Bikini introduced HISTORY.com Editors Published: March 03, 2010  Last Updated: May 27, 2025:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-5/bikini-introduced

1947 - 54th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Margaret Osborne beat Doris Hart (62 64)

1947 - Larry Doby signs with Cleveland Indians-1st black player in AL

1948 - Britain's National Health Service Act begins

1949 - NY Giants purchase Monty Irvin & Henry Thompson, their 1st blacks

1950 - Law of Return passes, guarantees all Jews right to live in Israel

1951 - Dodgers sweep the Giants & lead by 7½ games (Giants will win pennant)

1951 - Dr William Shockley invents junction transistor (Murray Hill NJ)


1954 - B-52A bomber made its maiden flight

1954 - The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.

1955 - English harbor strike ends

Flag of Algeria

• France raised the tobacco tax 20% due to war in Algeria on this day in 1956.



1957 - 71st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Lew Hoad beats Ashley J Cooper (62 61 62)

1957 - Tom Graveney scores 258 v West Indies at Trent Bridge

1958 - 65th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Althea Gibson beats A Mortimer (86 62) 1958 - J Pengel forms government/Emanuels premier of Suriname

1958 - First ascent of Gasherbrum I, 11th highest peak on the earth. 1959 - Ben-Gurion's Israeli government resigns 1959 - Indonesia restores constitution 1959 - Jack Gelber's "Connection," premieres in NYC 1960 - Mongolia adopts constitution 1961 - 80 die in collisions in Algiers 1961 - KUSD TV channel 2 in Vermillion, SD (PBS) begins broadcasting 1961 - St Louis Cardinal Bill White hits 3 HRs & a double 1962 - 96 murder at massacre in Oran, Algeria 1962 - Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule 1962 - Mantle hits 2 homers en route to 4 consecutive homers 1963 - 1st Beatle tune to hit US charts, Del Shannon "From Me to You" at #87 1966 - NYC transit fare rises from 15 cents to 20 cents 1966 - National Guard mobilizes in Omaha after 3rd night of rioting 1966 - Saturn I rocket launched at Cape Kennedy 

• 1967 - Congo uprising under Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme 

1968 - "Manifest of 1000 words" published in Prague 1968 - 82nd Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Rod Laver beats Tony Roche (63 64 62) 1968 - John Lennon sells his psychedelic painted Rolls-Royce 1968 - Phila 76'ers trade Wilt Chamberlain to LA Lakers 1969 - 83rd Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Rod Laver beats J Newcombe (64 57 64 64) 1969 - Rolling Stones play a free concert in London's Hyde Park 1970 - 25th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Donna Caponi Young 1970 - Air Canada DC-8 crashes 7 miles from Toronto's airport killing 109 1971 - 26th amendment certified (reduces voting age to 18) 1971 - Simon Gray's "Butley," premieres in London 1972 - Pierre Messmer appointed French premier 1973 - "Live & Let Die," James Bond film premieres 1973 - Isle of Man begins issuing their own postage stamps 

Flag of Rwanda

• 1973 - Maj Gen Juvenal Habyarimana becomes president of Rwanda 

• 1973 - Rwanda military coup under general-major Habyalimana 

1973 - Test Cricket umpiring debut of H D "Dickie" Bird v NZ at Leeds 1974 - 81st Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Chris Evert beats Olga Morzova (60 64) 

1975 - 89th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Arthur Ashe beats J Connors (61 61 57 64) 

Jul 5, 1975: Ashe becomes first black man to win Wimbledon    

On this day in 1975, Arthur Ashe defeats the heavily favored Jimmy Connors to become the first black man ever to win Wimbledon, the most coveted championship in tennis.  

Arthur Ashe began playing tennis as a boy in his hometown of Richmond, Virginia. After winning a tennis scholarship to UCLA, Ashe was taken under the wing of tennis star Pancho Gonzales, who recognized the young player’s potential. In 1968, Ashe became the first black man to win the U.S. Open. Two years later, he captured the Australian Open for his second Grand Slam title. Over the next seven years, Ashe won his share of tournaments, but no more majors, and, frustrated, he set his sights on victory at Wimbledon, one of the most celebrated championships in tennis.  

Arthur Ashe was 31 years old in 1975, and seemingly well past his prime, so his advancement to the 1975 Wimbledon finals came as somewhat of a surprise to the tennis establishment. While Ashe’s best finishes at Wimbledon had been losses in the semi-finals in 1968 and 1969, his opponent, the brash 22-year-old Jimmy Connors, was the defending Wimbledon champion. In their three previous meetings, Connors had handled Ashe easily. Furthermore, Connors was coming off an impressive semi-final win against Roscoe Tanner, whose intimidating serve observers called the hardest hitting ever at Wimbledon.  

Though many thought he didn’t have a chance, Ashe formulated a game plan for the match: hit nothing hard. He planned to serve strongly and then give Connors nothing but "junk" as Ashe himself described it. Connors won the first game of the first set, but then dropped the rest of the set in just 20 minutes, 6-1. Although Connors won just one game off Ashe in the second set, he took the third set 7-5. His confidence restored, Connors strutted around the court, while Ashe closed his eyes between sets, concentrating on the moment at hand. Finally, with the shocked crowd cheering him on, Ashe finished Connors off in the fourth set, 6-4.  

Ashe retired from competitive tennis in 1980 after suffering a heart attack. For his career, he won 51 tournaments. In retirement, Ashe wrote the three-volume book A Hard Road to Glory, first published in 1988, which detailed the struggle of black athletes in America. In 1983, after double-bypass surgery, Ashe was infected with HIV during a blood transfusion. After revealing his disease to the world in 1992, he set about educating the public about HIV and AIDS. He died of AIDS-related complications on February 6, 1993. In 1997, the U.S. Open’s new home court was named Arthur Ashe Stadium.

1975  Arthur Ashe becomes the first Black man to win Wimbledon HISTORY.com Editors  Published: November 16, 2009  Last Updated: January 31, 2025:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-5/ashe-becomes-first-black-man-to-win-wimbledon

• 1975 - Cape Verde Is gain independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule 

• 1977 - Pakistan's army, led by Gen Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, seizes power 

• 1978 - Soyuz 30 spacecraft touches down in Soviet Kazakhstan 1978 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1980 - 87th Wimbledon Womens Tennis: Evonne Goolagong beats C Evert (61 76) 1980 - 94th Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Bjorn Borg beats McEnroe (16 75 63 67 86) 1981 - 9th du Maurier Golf Classic (Peter Jackson Classic): Jan Stephenson 1981 - Premier Begin's Likud party wins Israeli elections 1981 - Rajan Mahadevan recites 31,811 digits of π (Pi) from memory 1981 - USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR 1982 - Challenger flies to Kennedy Space Center via Ellington AFB, Texas 1982 - ICC Trophy record p/ship, 257 Schoonheim/Liffman, Hol v Malay 1983 - France invades Algeria 1983 - NJ Devils purchase AHL Maine Mariners as their farm team 1983 - Woman gives birth to baby 84 days after brain death (Roanoke, VA) 1984 - Supreme Court weakens 70-year-old "exclusionary rule"-evidence seized with defective court warrants can now be used in criminal trials Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe 1985 - Premier Mugabe wins Zimbabwe elections 1985 - Nicholas Mark Sanders (England) begins circumnavigation of globe, covering 13,035 road miles in 78 days, 3 hr, 30 min 1986 - 93rd Wimbledon Womens Tennis: M Navratilova beats H Mandlikova (76 63) 1986 - Ingrid Kristiansen of Norway sets 10K woman's record (30:13.74) 

1986 - Nancy Reagan cuts red, white & blue ribbon; reopens Statue of Liberty 

1986 - Statue of Liberty is reopened after it is refurbished 

1987 - 101st Wimbledon Mens Tennis: Pat Cash beats Ivan Lendl (76 62 75) 1987 - A's Mark McGwire is 1st rookie to hit 30 home runs before All Star break 1987 - Jane Geddes wins LPGA Jamie Farr Toledo Golf Classic 1988 - Malcolm Marshall takes 7-22 at Old Trafford, England all out 93 1989 - Barry Bond's HR sets father-son (Bobby) HR record at 408 1989 - Mark McGwire's gets 100th HR, 2nd fastest (1400 at bats) (to Kiner) 1989 - Rod Stewart hits his head while on stage & knocks himself out 

Flag of South Africa during the apartheid era

Statue of Nelson Mandela in State Parliament Square, London, UK

• 1989 - South-African Pres Pieter Botha visits ANC leader Nelson Mandela 

1989 - Toronto Blue Jays are 10 games back in AL, & go on to win AL East Tennis Player Steffi Graf 1990 - Zina Garrison upsets Steffi Graf in Wimbledon semi-finals 1991 - Colorado Rockies & Florida Marlins given final approval by owners 1991 - France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island 1991 - Lillian Cucuzza wins name Florida baseball team contest (Marlins) 

• On this day in 1992 at the 106th Wimbledon Mens Tennis tournament, American Andre Agassi defeated Croatian Goran Ivanišević in the Men's Final 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 1-6, 6-4. It was the first Grand Slam championship in Agassi's career.

On this day in 1992 at the 106th Wimbledon Mens Tennis tournament, American Andre Agassi defeated Croatian Goran Ivanišević in the Men's Final 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 1-6, 6-4. It was the first Grand Slam championship in Agassi's career.

1992 - Sixto Durán Ballén elected president of Ecuador 

1993 - A's Rickey Henderson is 2nd to hit leadoff homers in doubleheader 1993 - Kurd guerrilla's murder 32 villager in East Turkey 1993 - Richard Chelimo run world record 10 km (27:07.91)

1994 - Boxer Buster Douglas comes out of a diabetic coma

1994 - US changes refugee policy, by sending Haitian boat people back

1994 - The United States announced it would refuse further unrestricted immigration from Haiti.

1995 - Columbia U beats Hartferd College to be 1st US to win Henley Regatta

Jul 5, 1996: First successful cloning of a mammal

On this day in 1996, Dolly the sheep--the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell--is born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland.  

Originally code-named "6LL3," the cloned lamb was named after the buxom singer and actress Dolly Parton. The name was reportedly suggested by one of the stockmen who assisted with her birth, after he learned that the animal was cloned from a mammary cell. The cells had been taken from the udder of a six-year-old ewe and cultured in a lab using microscopic needles, in a method first used in human fertility treatments in the 1970s. After producing a number of normal eggs, scientists implanted them into surrogate ewes; 148 days later one of them gave birth to Dolly.  

Dolly's birth was announced publicly in February 1997 to a storm of controversy. On one hand, supporters argued that cloning technology can lead to crucial advances in medicine, citing the production of genetically modified animals to be organ donors for humans as well as "therapeutic" cloning, or the process of cloning embryos in order to collect stem cells for use in the development of treatments for degenerative nerve diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Some scientists also looked at animal cloning as a possible way to preserve endangered species. On the other hand, detractors saw the new cloning technology as potentially unsafe and unethical, especially when it was applied to what many saw as the logical next step: human cloning.  

Over the course of her short life, Dolly was mated to a male sheep named David and eventually gave birth to four lambs. In January 2002 she was found to have arthritis in her hind legs, a diagnosis that raised questions about genetic abnormalities that may have been caused in the cloning process. After suffering from a progressive lung disease, Dolly was put down on February 14, 2003, at the age of six. Her early death raised more questions about the safety of cloning, both animal and human. Though Ian Wilmut, the lead scientist on the team that produced Dolly, has spoken out publicly against human cloning, its supporters are unlikely to be dissuaded. As for Dolly, the historic sheep was stuffed and is now on display at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

1996  Dolly the sheep becomes first successfully cloned mammal HISTORY.com Editors  Published: February 09, 2010  Last Updated: May 27, 2025:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/july-5/first-successful-cloning-of-a-mammal

2003 - SARS is declared to be contained by the WHO.

2004 - First Indonesian presidential election by the nation.

2006 - North Korea launched at least two short-range Nodong-2 missiles, one SCUD missile and one long-range Taepodong-2 missile.

 2006 - Emergency United Nations Security Council meeting held at the U.N in New York City because of the North Korean missile tests a day before.

2009 - Roger Federer wins a record 15th Grand Slam (tennis) in tennis, winning a five set match against Andy Roddick at Wimbledon.

2009 - Ethnic rioting broke out in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China

2012 - The Shard, the tallest building in Europe, is opened and stands at 309.6 metres (1,016 ft)

2012 - South Korea announce plans to begin "scientific' whaling of minke whales 2012 - Enrique Pena Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary Party is elected President of Mexico after a recount following irregularities



1806 - A Spanish army repelled the British during their attempt to retake Buenos Aires, Argentina.   1811 - Venezuela became the first South American country to declare independence from Spain.   1814 - U.S. troops under Jacob Brown defeated a superior British force at Chippewa, Canada.   1830 - France occupied the North African city of Algiers.   1832 - The German government began curtailing freedom of the press after German Democrats advocate a revolt against Austrian rule.   1839 - British naval forces bombarded Dingai on Zhoushan Island in China and then occupied it.   1863 - U.S. Federal troops occupied Vicksburg, MS, and distributed supplies to the citizens.   1865 - William Booth founded the Salvation Army in London.   1892 - Andrew Beard was issued a patent for the rotary engine.   1916 - Adelina and August Van Buren started on the first successful transcontinental motorcycle tour to be attempted by two women. They started in New York City and arrived in San Diego, CA, on September 12, 1916.   1935 - "Hawaii Call" was broadcast for the first time.   1935 - U.S. President Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act into law. The act authorized labor to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining.   1940 - During World War II, Britain and the Vichy government in France broke diplomatic relations.   1941 - German troops reached the Dnieper River in the Soviet Union.   1943 - The battle of Kursk began as German tanks attack the Soviet salient. It was the largest tank battle in history.   1946 - The bikini bathing suit, created by Louis Reard, made its debut during a fashion show at the Molitor Pool in Paris. Micheline Bernardini wore the two-piece outfit.   1947 - Larry Doby signed a contract with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first black player in the American League.   1948 - Britain's National Health Service Act went into effect, providing government-financed medical and dental care.   1950 - U.S. forces engaged the North Koreans for the first time at Osan, South Korea.   1951 - Dr. William Shockley announced that he had invented the junction transistor.   1962 - Algeria became independent after 132 years of French rule.   1975 - Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title when he defeated Jimmy Connors.   1984 - The U.S. Supreme Court weakened the 70-year-old "exclusionary rule," deciding that evidence seized with defective court warrants could be used against defendants in criminal trials.   1989 - Former U.S. National Security Council aide Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in the Iran-Contra affair. The convictions were later overturned.   1991 - Regulators shut down the Pakistani-managed Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in eight countries. The charge was fraud, drug money laundering and illegal infiltration into the U.S. banking system.   1995 - The U.S. Justice Department decided not to take antitrust action against Ticketmaster.   1998 - Japan joined U.S. and Russia in space exploration with the launching of the Planet-B probe to Mars.   2000 - Jordanian security agents shot and killed a Syrian hijacker after he threw a grenade that exploded and wounded 15 passengers aboard a Royal Jordanian airliner.   2000 - 10 Bengal tigers, including 7 rare white tigers, died at the Nandankanan Zoo in India. The tigers died of trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).   2000 - Euan Blair, the oldest son of British prime minister Tony Blair, was arrested after police found him drunk and lying on the ground in London's Leicester Square.


1811 Venezuela became the first South American country to declare independence from Spain. 1865 William Booth formed the Salvation Army in London, England. 1946 Larry Doby signed with the Cleveland Indians, becoming the first African American player in the American League. 1946 The bikini swimsuit made its debut at a Paris fashion show. 1954 Elvis Presley recorded "That's All Right," his first commercial record. 1975 Cape Verde became independent after 500 years of Portuguese rule. 1975 Arthur Ashe became the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title when he defeated Jimmy Connors. 1996 Dolly, the first sheep cloned from adult cells, was born. 2002 Baseball great Ted Williams died.


The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:

http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php

http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul05.htm

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory