Image courtesy of trialsanderrors' Flickr page - Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin by Neil Armstrong, Sea of Tranquility, Moon, 1969: https://www.flickr.com/photos/trialsanderrors/4642094852/in/photolist-85cX59-6Mng6S-7ZgKG1-r5jKBv-8fwvFX-h2AvB9-q9KQL6-bHz72D-eTW28i-iop8gq-q175Qk-ajfW7i-nfyFUv-6NzmuC-gWLFrP-cmgCvq-6gANFN-7hJz2r-o34GtH-8uCWv8-259ebwm-5KE4Nb-VK2QK7-4NeDFt-eeW8pG-4VSHm6-MijqYB-j6ZpET-5HMRtL-We9QKq-SahEKy-fLuxJJ-o6B7TP-cmgC1A-cxa1zW-8jCsG9-WTWPvB-pSkF8p-TfvPyi-TfpG6z-s8t3Wt-bBfpRi-7vZohy-2driQAD-7ScLXL-8F1atb-g1QzMC-dyQWp1-PLuE3y-iLKY7r
Creative Commons License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Creative Commons License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
July 21st proved to be a pretty busy day in history:
In 356 BCE, Herostratus set fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, which was one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. In 1588, the English fleet famously defeated the Spanish Armada, allowing the English to become the dominant sea power. In 1774, Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji to effectively end the Russo-Turkish War on this date. In 1798, Napoleon won the Battle of Embabeh, also known as the Battle of the Pyramids, in Egypt. In 1831, Belgium gained it's independence from the Netherlands. In 1836, the first Canadian railroad opened, which linked La Prairie across the St Lawrence River to Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, in the province of Québec. The first major battle of the American Civil War, the Battle of Bull's Run at Manassas Junction, came on this day in 1861. In 1865, the first ever western-style showdown took place at Market Square in Springfield, Missouri, with Wild Bill Hickok shooting and ultimately killing Davis Tutt. In 1873, the first train robbery took place on this date, with Jesse James and his gang responsible. It was on this day in 1898 that Spain ceded Guam to the United States. The so-called "Monkey Trial" ended in Dayton, Tennessee, ended on this day in 1925 - John T. Scopes had been convicted of violating the Tennessee state law for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution, although the conviction was later overturned. On this day in 1940, the Soviet Union annexed the three Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. This was one of the darkest days of the Holocaust back in 1941, as two hundred Jewish Toras are burned in the Ukraine, and on the same day, Himmler orders building of Majdanek concentration camp. On a brighter note, it was on this day in 1944 that Von Kluge warned Hitler of the inevitable collapse of the German front in the West in Normandy, France. Also on that same day in history, Hitler informed the German people that he was still alive just after a nearly successful assassination attempt. On this day in 1947, Indonesia started it's first election. The Dalai Lama returned to Tibet on this day in 1951. In 1954 on this day, the Geneva Convention officially partitioned North and South Vietnam. It was on this date for much of the world that Neil Armstrong first walked on the moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT). On this day in 1970, all Jewish property in Libya was confiscated. In 1976, British ambassador for Ireland Christopher Ewart-Biggs was assassinated by the Provisional IRA. The Egyptian–Libyan War, which is also sometimes referred to as the Four Day War (Arabic: حرب الأربعة أيام), began on this day in 1977. It was a war of brief duration between Libya and Egypt and ended just a few days later, on 24 July 1977. In 1978, Bolivia had a military coup d'état, when General Juan Pereda, forcing President Hugo Banzer to flee the country. Nineteen months of Martial Law ended on this day in 1983 in Poland. Here's a historical/cultural event that I can actually well remember. It was on this day that former Pink Floyd frontman Roger Waters gave one of the most well-attended concerts of all time on this day in 1990, performing "The Wall" in Berlin. He had been asked years earlier if he would ever perform a concert of Pink Floyd's "The Wall," and conditionally said only if the Berlin Wall fell. The summer after the Berlin Wall fell, and just months before the reunification of Germany, Waters made good on his promise and played "The Wall" concert on the site where the Berlin Wall had formerly stood. It was on this day in 1994 that future British Prime Minister Tony Blair won the leadership for the Labor Party. In 1997, the USS Constitution (also known as "Old Ironsides") was fully renovated on time for the 200th anniversary. It had served the United States against Great Britain during the War of 1812. It set sail for the first time in 116 years. In 2004, the White House was briefed by the September 11 commission regarding their final report, which was a nearly 600-page report, which would be released to the public on the following day. Ultimately, it determined that hijackers exploited "deep institutional failings within our government." In 2005, four terrorist bombs were planted around various public transportation sites in London, although none of them detonated. All four suspects were captured and later convicted and imprisoned. This had come just two weeks after similar attacks in London, which had caused serious damage. In 2007, the seventh and final installment of the popular Harry Potter series of books, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," was released. On this day in 2008, suspected Bosnian-Serb war criminal Radovan Karadžić was arrested in Serbia, and indicted by the United Nation's International Court Tribunal. Finally in 2011, NASA's space shuttle program ended officially on this date when Space Shuttle Atlantis landed at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on mission STS-135.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/jul21.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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