Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in the year 800, Charlemagne judged the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican. In 1821 on this day, Santo Domingo (present day Dominican Republic) proclaimed independence from Spain. Dom Pedro was crowned Emperor of Brazil on this day in 1822. This day in 1830 was the due date for Victor Hugo's new book, "Notre Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame)," although he wound up needing more time. In 1835 on this day, Hans Christian Andersen published his first book of fairy tales. On this day in 1900, Boer leader Paul Kruger visited Flanders. On this day in 1918, Iceland became an independent state under the Danish crown after the Danish Parliament passed an act to grant Iceland independent. The Serbian-Croatian-Slovic Kingdom of Yugoslavia was proclaimed in Belgrade on this day in 1918. In 1934 on this day, Leningrad mayor Sergey Kirov was assassinated, which was used by Stalin as an excuse to begin the Great Purge of 1934-38. On this day in 1955, the incident involving Rosa Parks on an Alabama bus in the racially segregated Jim Crow South ignited the bus boycott. The Johnson Administration made plans to bomb North Vietnam on this day in 1964. In 1990 on this day, there was a breakthrough for the Chunnel between Britain and France.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
• 772 - Pope Adrian I elected
Statue of Charlemagne in front of Notre Dame Cathdral in Paris
Pictures of the statue of Charlemagne outside of the Notre Dame de Paris
• 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican.
• 1167 - Northern Italian towns form Lombardi League
• 1420 - Henry V of England enters Paris.
• 1566 - Spanish king Philip II names Fernando Alvarez, duke of Alva
• 1626 - Pasha Muhammad ibn Farukh tyrannical gov of Jerusalem, driven out
• 1640 - Portugal regains independence after 60 years of Spanish rule
• 1641 - Mass becomes 1st colony to give statutory recognition to slavery
• 1653 - An athlete from Croydon is reported to have run 20 miles from St Albans to London in less than 90 minutes
• 1656 - Germany promises Poland aid against Sweden
• 1708 - Great Alliance occupies Brussels
• 1742 - Empress Elisabeth orders expulsion of all Jews from Russia
• 1750 - 1st American school to offer manual training courses opens, Md
• 1768 - The slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøy in Norway.
• 1783 - Jacques Charles & Nicolas Roberts make first untethered ascension with gas hydrogen balloon in Paris
• 1821 - Santo Domingo (Dominican Rep) proclaims independence from Spain
The flag of Brazil.
• 1822 - Dom Pedro crowned emperor of Brazil
• 1822 - Franz Liszts (11) debut as pianist Isabella Colbran
• 1824 - House of Reps begins to end election deadlock between JQ Adams
Composer/Pianist Franz LisztComposer/Pianist Franz Liszt 1824 - Jackson, WH Crawford & H Clay Adams eventually declared president
1831 - Erie Canal closes for entire month due to cold weather
1835 - Hans Christian Andersen published his 1st book of fairy tales
1843 - 1st chartered mutual life insurance company opens
1852 - Telegraph company opens throughout Netherlands
1864 - Raid at Stoneman: Knoxville, TN to Saltville, VA
1864 - Skirmish at Millen Brutal, Georgia
1868 - John D Rockefeller begins anti oil war
1878 - 1st White House telephone installed
• 1884 - American Old West: Near Frisco, New Mexico, deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys who want to kill him for arresting Charles McCarthy.
1887 - Sherlock Holmes 1st appears in print: "Study in Scarlet"
• 1887 - Sino-Portuguese treaty recognizes Portugal's control of Macao
1891 - James Naismith creates the game of basketball
1896 - 1st certified public accountants receive certificates (NY)
The statue of Boer leader and President of the Transvaal, Paul Kruger, Pretoria, South Africa
• 1900 - South African president Paul Kruger visits Flanders
Inventor James NaismithInventor James Naismith 1903 - "The Great Train Robbery", the 1st Western film, released
1906 - Cinema Omnia Pathe, world's 1st cinema, opens (Paris)
1906 - Shoemaker Wilhelm Voigt (Capt of Köpenick) sentenced to 4 yrs
1909 - 1st Christmas Club payment made, to Carlisle Trust Co, Pa
1909 - 1st Israeli kibbutz founded, Deganya Alef
1913 - 1st drive-up gasoline station opens (Pitts)
1913 - Continuous moving assembly line introduced by Ford (car every 2:38)
1917 - Boys Town founded by Father Edward Flanagan west of Omaha Neb
1918 - Danish parliament passed an act to grant Iceland independence
Flag of Iceland
• 1918 - Iceland becomes independent state under Danish crown
1918 - Serbian-Croatian-Slovic kingdom proclaimed in Belgrade
1918 - Yugoslavia declares independence; monarchy established
1919 - AA Milne's "Mr Pim Passes By" premieres in Manchester
1919 - Lady Nancy Astor sworn-in as 1st female member of British Parliament
1921 - 1st US helium-filled dirigible makes 1st flight
1921 - US Post Office establishes philatelic agency
1922 - 1st skywriting over US-"Hello USA"-by Capt Turner, RAF
• 1922 - Polish state chief marshal Jozef Pilsudski resigns
1923 - CFL Grey Cup: Queen's U beats Regina 54-0 at Toronto
1924 - Calles becomes president of Mexico
1924 - George/Ira Gershwin's musical "Lady Be Good" premieres in NYC
1925 - Treaty of Locarno signed
1928 - CFL Grey Cup: Ham Tigers beats Regina 30-0 at Hamilton
1928 - Railroad museum opens in Utrecht Neth
• 1929 - Game of Bingo invented by Edwin S Lowe
1930 - NHL drops 20 minute slashing-about-the-head penalty
1930 - Ruth Nichols becomes 1st woman pilot to cross continent
1931 - Ottawa branch of Royal Mint begins operation as Royal Canadian Mint
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler
• 1933 - Rudolf Hess & Earnest Rohm become a minister in Hitler government
• 1934 - Leningrad mayor Sergey Kirov assassinated, used by Stalin as the excuse to begin the Great Purge of 1934-38.
1935 - Austria has world's 1st Day of Postage Stamp
1936 - 2nd Heisman Trophy Award: Larry Kelley, Yale (E)
1936 - Bell Labs tests coaxial cable for TV use
1936 - EW Brundin & FF Lyon obtain patent on soilless culture of plants
• 1937 - Japan recognizes Franco government
1938 - School bus & train collide in Salt Lake City Utah
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Auschwitz
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• 1939 - SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews
1941 - British cruiser Devonshire sinks German sub Python
1941 - Japanese emperor Hirohito signs declaration of war
1941 - Last day of first-class cricket in Australia for 4 years
1941 - US Civil Air Patrol (CAP) organizes
1942 - Gasoline rationed in US
1942 - The Beveridge Report is published by the British government unveiling plans for a post-war welfare state
Spanish Dictator Francisco FrancoSpanish Dictator Francisco Franco
• 1943 - FDR, Churchill & Stalin agree to Operation Overlord (D-Day)
1944 - Béla Bartòk's Concerto for orchestra, premieres
• 1944 - Mail routing resumes in free South Netherlands
1944 - Prokofjev's 8th Piano sonata, premieres
1945 - CFL Grey Cup: Toronto beats Winnipeg 35-0 at Toronto
1946 - Australia compile 645 v India at the Gabba (Bradman 187)
1947 - Bradman scores 185 in the 1st Cricket Test v India at the Gabba
1947 - India cricket all out for 58 v Australia at the Gabba, Toshack 5-2
• 1948 - Arabic Congress names Abdullah of Trans Jordan as King of Palestine
1948 - Piet Roozenburg becomes world champion checker player
1949 - WBNG TV channel 12 in Binghamton, NY (CBS) begins broadcasting
1949 - WKTV TV channel 2 in Utica, NY (NBC) begins broadcasting
1951 - 17th Heisman Trophy Award: Dick Kazmaier, Princeton (HB)
1951 - Benjamin Britten's opera "Billy Budd" premieres in London
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge
• 1951 - Golden Gate Bridge closes due to high winds
1952 - The New York Daily News reports the first successful sexual reassignment operation.
1953 - Red Sox trade M McDermott & Tom Umphlett for Wash's Jackie Jensen
1953 - WAIM (now WAXA) TV channel 40 in Anderson, SC (IND) 1st broadcast
1953 - WCSH TV channel 6 in Portland, ME (NBC) begins broadcasting
1953 - Walter Alston named Dodger manager
1954 - Nationalist China & US sign dike agreement
1954 - Yanks send Miller, Segrist, Leppert & 2 minors to Orioles for Blayzka, Kryhoski, Johnson, Fridley & Del Guercio (completing 18 player deal)
Civil Rights Activist Rosa Lee ParksCivil Rights Activist Rosa Lee Parks 1955 - Rosa Parks (black) arrested for refusing to move to the back of bus
1956 - "Candide" opens at Martin Beck Theater NYC for 73 performances
1956 - Alain Mimoun wins 13th Olympics marathon (2:25:00.0)
1956 - Frank Robinson (NL) & Luis Aparicio (AL) voted Rookie of the Year
• 1956 - Indonesian VP Mohammed Hatta resigns
1957 - Sam Cooke and Buddy Holly and Crickets debut on Ed Sullivan Show
1958 - "Flower Drum Song" opens at St James Theater NYC for 602 performances
• 1958 - Central African Rep made autonomous member of Fr Comm (Natl Day)
• 1958 - Our Lady of Angels School burns, killing 92 students & 3 nuns (Chic)
1959 - 12 nations sign treaty for scientific peaceful use of Antarctica
1959 - 1st color photograph of Earth from outer space
1959 - 25th Heisman Trophy Award: Billy Cannon, LSU (HB)
1959 - The 1st color photograph of Earth received from outer space
• 1960 - Patrice Lumumba caught in the Congo
• 1960 - Paul McCartney and Pete Best arrested then deported from Hamburg, Germany for accusation of attempted arson.
• 1961 - The independent Republic of West Papua is proclaimed in modern-day Western New Guinea.
1962 - Grey Cup halted by fog, resumed next day (Winnipeg 28, Hamilton 27)
1962 - KGMB TV channel 9 in Honolulu, HI (CBS) begins broadcasting
1963 - NY Jets 1st shutout, beat KC 17-0
• 1963 - Nagaland becomes a state of Indian union
1964 - Houston Colt .45s change name to Astros
• 1964 - ML King speaks to J. Edgar Hoover about his slander campaign
• 1965 - Airlift of refugees from Cuba to US began
Flag of South Africa during the apartheid era
• 1965 - South Africa government says children of white fathers are white
Flag of Germany (formerly West Germany during the Cold War)
• 1966 - Georg Kiesinger elected West German chancellor
1966 - Radio time signal WWV moves from Greenbelt, Md to Boulder, Colo
1967 - Pacific Northwest Sports awarded AL expansion franchise (Seattle)
1967 - Queen Elizabeth inaugurates 98-inch (249-cm) Isaac Newton telescope
1967 - Seattle awarded one of the 2 AL expansion franchise teams
1967 - Wilt Chamberlain set NBA record of 22 free throws misses
1968 - "Promises Promises" opens at Shubert Theater NYC for 1281 performances
1968 - Burt Bacharach/Hal David's musical premieres in NYC
1968 - Gonzalo Barrios, Venezuelan presidential candidate
1968 - Peggy Wilson wins LPGA Hollywood Lakes Golf Open
1968 - Pirate Radio Modern (259) (England) begins transmitting
• 1969 - US government holds its 1st draft lottery since WW II
• 1970 - Luis Echeverria Alvarez sworn in as president of Mexico
1970 - NHL takes control of Pittsburgh Penguins
1970 - Independent People's Republic of South Yemen becomes People Democratic Republic of Yemen
1971 - Cubs release Ernie Banks & sign him as a coach
1971 - Galt MacDermot/John Guare's "2 gentlemen of Verona" opens at St James Theater NYC for 613 perfs
• 1971 - John & Yoko release "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" in US
1971 - People's Republic of South Yemen renames itself People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
• 1971 - Cambodian Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.
1972 - Wings release "Hi, Hi, Hi" in UK
• 1973 - Australia grants self-government to Papua New Guinea
1973 - Jack Nicklaus becomes 1st golfer to earn $2M in a year
1973 - Jan Ferraris wins LPGA-Japan Golf Classic
1973 - Stan Stasiak beats Pedro Morales in Philadelphia, to become WWF champ
1974 - Boeing 727 crashes in Upperville Virginia, 92 died
1974 - Jacqueline Hansen runs female world record marathon (2:43:54.5)
1974 - LA Skid Row slasher kills 1st of 8
• 1975 - US president Gerald Ford visits China PR
• 1976 - Angola admitted to UN
• 1976 - Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman declares himself president
1976 - Sex Pistols using profanity on TV, gets them branded as "rotten punks"
American President Jimmy Carter
• 1978 - Pres Carter more than doubles national park system size
1978 - Test Cricket debut of Rodney Hogg, v England at the Gabba
1978 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1980 - 46th Heisman Trophy Award: George Rogers, South Carolina (RB)
38th US President Gerald Ford38th US President Gerald Ford 1980 - Mel Harris appears on M*A*S*H in "Cementing Relationships"
1980 - US Justice Dept sues Yonkers siting racial discrimination
1981 - 180 dies as Yugoslav DC-9 jetliner slams into a mountain
1981 - Yugoslavic DC-9 crashes into mountain at Corsica, 174 killed
• 1981 - The AIDS virus is officially recognized.
1982 - Dentist Barney B Clark gets 1st artificial heart
• 1982 - Michael Jackson releases his album "Thriller"
• 1982 - Miguel de la Madrid inaugurated as pres of Mexico
1983 - Rita Lavelle, former head of EPA, convicted of perjury
1984 - 50th Heisman Trophy Award: Doug Flutie, Boston College (QB)
1984 - France performs nuclear test
1984 - Greg Page KOs Gerrie Coetzee in 8 for WBA heavyweight boxing title
1985 - Noraly Beyer becomes Neth's 1st black TV newscaster
1985 - STS 61-C vehicle moves to launch pad
• 1985 - South Africa's Cosatu union centre forms
• 1986 - Musée d'Orsay opens in Paris
• 1986 - Paul McCartney releases "Only Love Remains"
1987 - Digging begins to link England & France under English Channel
1988 - 596 dead after cyclone hits Bangladesh, half a million homeless
• 1988 - Benazir Bhutto named 1st female Prime Minister of a Moslem country (Pakistan)
• 1988 - Chinese minister of Foreign affairs Qian Qichen visits Moscow
1988 - NBC bids record $401M to capture rights to 1992 Barcelona Olympics
1988 - NY Islanders greatest shutout lose (8-0) vs St Louis Blues
1989 - "Day Without Art"-Artists demonstrate against AIDS
• 1989 - East Germany drops communist monopoly from its constitution
1989 - Mark Langston signs record $3.2 million per year Cal Angels contract
Sculpture of Pope John Paul II at the Salt Mines (Kopalnia soli Wieliczka) near Krakow, Poland
Picture of a bust of Pope John Paul II taken at the Basilique Saint-Sernin in Toulouse.
• 1989 - USSR Pres Mikhail S Gorbachev meets Pope John Paul II at the Vatican
1990 - 56th Heisman Trophy Award: Ty Detmer, Brigham Young (QB)
• 1990 - British & French workers meet in English Channel's tunnel (Chunnel)
1990 - Hissène Habré of Chad flees to Cameroon
264th Pope John Paul II264th Pope John Paul II 1990 - Iraq accepts Bush's offer for talks
• 1990 - Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia hold their 1st joint session
1990 - NY Knicks Patrick Ewing scores 50 points beating Charlotte 113-96
1991 - "Moscow Circus Cirk Valentin" closes at Gershwin NYC after 32 perfs
1991 - "Once on this Island" closes at Booth Theater NYC after 469 perfs
1991 - 80th Davis Cup: France beats USA in Lyon (3-1)
• 1991 - AIDS awareness day
• 1991 - Colorado party wins Paraguay parliamentary election
• 1991 - Nursultan Nazarbayev sworn in as president of Kazakhstan
• 1991 - US 75th manned space mission "STS 44" Atlantis 10 lands
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• 1991 - Ukrainian people vote for independence
1992 - 2 C-141B Starlifters collide in Montana & crash, 13 die
1992 - Amy Fisher sentenced 5-15 yrs for shooting Mary Jo Buttafuoco
1993 - Northwest Airlink plane crashes in Minn, killing 18
1994 - 3 Seattle Seahawks injured in a car accident
1994 - Cindy Crawford & Richard Gere announce they are seperating
1994 - Ernesto Zedillo innaugrated as president of Mexico
1994 - PTL leader Jim Bakker released from jail
1994 - Rober Schumanns 2nd Symphony premieres in London
1996 - 85th Davis Cup: France beats Sweden in Malmo (3-2)
1996 - Lance Klusener takes 8-64 in debut Test Cricket to trounce India
1997 - GS Warrior guard Latrell Sprewell, attacks his coach P J Carlesimo
1997 - Howard Stern Radio Show premieres in Davenport IA on KORB 93.5 FM
1997 - Westinghouse formally changes its name to CBS
1998 - Exxon announces a $73.7 billion USD deal to buy Mobil, thus creating Exxon-Mobil, the world's largest company.
• 2001 - Captain Bill Compton brings Trans World Airlines Flight 220, an MD-83, into St. Louis International Airport bringing to an end 76 years of TWA operations following TWA's purchase by American Airlines.
• 2012 - 8 people are killed and 36 injured after a bus overturns in Bolivia
• 2012 - Enrique Peña Nieto sworn in as President of Mexico
• 2012 - Ukranian Anna Ushenina wins the Women's World Chess Championship 2012
1835 - Hans Christian Andersen published his first book of fairy tales. 1909 - The Pennsylvania Trust Company, of Carlisle, PA, became the first bank in the in the U.S. to offer a Christmas Club account. 1913 - Ford Motor Co. began using a new movable assembly line that ushered in the era of mass production. 1913 - The first drive-in automobile service station opened, in Pittsburgh, PA. 1919 - Lady Astor was sworn in as the first female member of the British Parliament. 1925 - The Locarno Pact finalized the treaties between World War I protagonists. 1934 - Sergei M. Kirov, a collaborator of Joseph Stalin, was assassinated at the Leningrad party headquarters. 1941 - In the U.S., the Civil Air Patrol was created. In April 1943 the Civil Air Patrol was placed under the jurisdiction of the Army Air Forces. 1942 - In the U.S., nationwide gasoline rationing went into effect. 1943 - In Teheran, leaders of the United States, the USSR and the United Kingdom met to reaffirm the goal set on October 30, 1943. The previous meeting called for an early establishment of an international organization to maintain peace and security. 1952 - In Denmark, it was announced that the first successful sex-change operation had been performed. 1955 - Rosa Parks, a black seamstress in Montgomery, AL, refused to give up her seat to a white man. Mrs. Parks was arrested marking a milestone in the civil rights movement in the U.S. 1959 - 12 countries, including the U.S. and USSR, signed a treaty that set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, which would be free from military activity. 1965 - An airlift of refugees from Cuba to the United States began. 1969 - The U.S. government held its first draft lottery since World War II. 1984 - A remote-controlled Boeing 720 jetliner was deliberately crashed into California's Mojave Desert to test an anti-flame fuel additive. The test proved to be disappointing. 1986 - U.S. President Ronald Reagansaid he would welcome an investigation of the Iran-Contra affair if it were recommended by the Justice Department. 1987 - NASA announced four companies had been given contracts to help build a space station. The companies were Boeing Aerospace, G. E.'s Astro-Space Division, McDonnell Douglas Aeronautics, and Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International. 1989 - Dissidents in the Philippine military launched an unsuccessful coup against Corazon Aquino's government. 1989 - East Germany's Parliament abolished the Communist Party's constitutional guarantee of supremacy. 1990 - Iraq accepted a U.S. offer to talk about resolving the Persian Gulf crisis. 1990 - British and French workers digging the Channel Tunnel finally met under the English Channel. 1991 - Ukrainians voted overwhelmingly for independence from the Soviet Union. 1992 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin survived an impeachment attempt by hard-liners at the opening of the Russian Congress. 1994 - The U.S. Senate gave final congressional approval to the 124-nation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1998 - Exxon announced that it was buying Mobil for $73.7 billion creating the largest company in the world to date.
1824 The presidential election between John Q. Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, and Henry Clay was turned over to the House of Representatives due to the lack of an electoral-vote majority. 1887 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes appeared for the first time in print in the story "A Study in Scarlet." 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her front-section bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Ala. 1959 Twelve nations, including the United States, signed a treaty setting aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve free from military activity. 1997 Representatives from more than 150 countries gathered at a global warming summit in Kyoto, Japan, and over the course of ten days forged an agreement to control the emission of greenhouse gases. President Bush pulled the U.S. out of the Kyoto Protocol in 2001. 1998 Exxon and Mobil agreed to merge, creating the world's largest corporation.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/dec01.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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