Once again, it should be reiterated, that this does not pretend to be a very extensive history of what happened on this day (nor is it the most original - the links can be found down below). If you know something that I am missing, by all means, shoot me an email or leave a comment, and let me know!
On this day in 536, Byzantine General Belisarius entered Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully left the city, at least temporarily returning the old city back to the Empire it had once been the center of. In 1854 on this day, Alfred Tennyson's poem "Charge of the Light Brigade" was published. The Assemblée nationale of France voted in favor of the separation of church & state on this day in 1905. On the morning of this day in 1917, after Turkish troops move out of the region after only a single day s fighting, officials of the Holy City of Jerusalem offered the keys to the city to encroaching British troops. In 1941 on this day, the first American World War II bombing mission took place in the Far East, Luzon, Philippines. Also on this day in 1941, China declared war on Japan, Germany & Italy. Zanzibar gained some measure of independence from Britain on this day in 1963, when the United Kingdom abolished the Protectorate that had been in place since 1890. The UK did not grant Zanzibar sovereignty, but instead gave it full self-government within the Commonwealth. However, the Sultanate of Zanzibar was overthrown by a rebellion on January 12, 1964, just a month after gaining independence. It would shortly thereafter join with Tanganyika, and the new country would be named Tanzania, a blend of the names of the two regions. On this day in 1990, Lech Walesa, the founder of the Solidarity trade union, was elected president of Poland. He did so after winning a landslide election victory, thus becoming the first directly elected Polish leader following the end of Communist rule after the Cold War and the collapse of the Warsaw Pact.
Here's a more detailed look at events that transpired on this date throughout history:
• 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city, returning the old capital to its empire.
• 656 - Battle of Kameel: Kalief Al ibn Abu Talib beats rebellion
• 1212 - Frederik II crowns himself Roman Catholic king
• 1315 - Swiss Woudsteden renews Eternal Covenant (Oath Society)
• 1425 - Pope Martinus V forms University of Leuven
• 1570 - Geuzen under Herman de Ruyter occupies Loevestein
• 1625 - Netherlands & England sign military treaty
• 1640 - Settler Hugh Bewitt banished from Mass colony when he declares himself to be free of original sin
• 1658 - Dutch troops occupy harbor city Quilon (Coilan) India
• 1688 - King James II's wife & son flee England for France
• 1724 - Colley Cibber's "Caesar in Aegypt" premieres in London
• 1738 - Jews are expelled from Breslau Silesia
• 1747 - England & Netherlands sign military treaty
• 1762 - British parliament accept Treaty of Paris
• 1783 - 1st execution at English Newgate Jail
• 1793 - Noah Webster establishes NY's 1st daily newspaper, American Minerva
An image of the iconic "We the People" wording of the Constitution.
• 1803 - The 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress. With the amendment Electors were directed to vote for a President and for a Vice-President rather than for two choices for President
1805 - Comet 3D/1805 V1 (Biela) approaches within 0.0366 AUs of Earth
1824 - Battle of Ayacucho (Candorcangui), Peru defeats Spain
1842 - St M Glinka's opera "Russlan Ludmilla" premieres in Petersburg
Lexicographer Noah WebsterLexicographer Noah Webster 1851 - 1st Young Men's Christian Association in North America (Montreal)
• 1854 - Alfred Tennyson's poem, "Charge of the Light Brigade," published
• 1856 - The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces.
• 1861 - Battle of Bird Creek, Indian Terr (High Shoal, Chusto-Talasah)
• 1861 - American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1868 - 1st British government of Gladstone forms
1869 - Noble Order of Knights of Labor founded, Philadelphia
1875 - Massachusetts Rifle Association "America's Oldest Active Gun Club" is founded.
1878 - Joseph Pulitzer buys St Louis Dispatch for $2,500
Monuments to Thomas Edison at Menlo Park in Edison, NJ
• 1879 - Thomas Edison organized the Edison Ore Milling Company.
• 1883 - New Brunswick adopts Eastern Standard Time (until 1902)
1884 - Levant Richardson patents ball-bearing skate
1889 - President Harrison visits opening of Chicago Auditorium
• 1894 - Roman Catholics win Parliamentary election in Belgium
1897 - Activist Marguerite Durand founds the feminist daily newspaper, La Fronde in Paris.
Statue of the most famous Boer leader and president of the South African Republic, Paul Kruger, located at Church Square in Pretoria, the capital of the old Transvaal Republic, and now still the executive capital of modern day South Africa.
• On this day in 1900 during the Anglo-Boer War in what is modern day South Africa, Transvaal (Boer Republic of South Africa) President Paul Kruger & Queen Wilhelmina had a triumphant procession in The Hague, Netherlands.
Poet Alfred TennysonPoet Alfred Tennyson 1902 - AL announces purchase of grounds for a stadium in NY
• 1903 - Norwegian parliament vote unanimiously for female suffrage
• 1905 - Richard Strauss' opera "Salome" premiers in Dresden
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Le Drapeau Tricolore (Tricour Flag) which was a product of the French Revolution, and which remains the national flag of France to this day.
• The Assemblée nationale of France voted in favor of the separation of church & state on this day in 1905.
• 1906 - NY American reports Belgian King Leopold II bribed US Senate commission on the Congo
1907 - 1st Christmas Seals sold (Wilmington Del post office)
• 1907 - Gustav Mahler departs Vienna
• 1909 - 1st US monoplane flown (Henry W Walden, Long Island, NY)
• 1910 - French troops occupy Morrocan harbor city Agadir
1913 - Heavyweight Jack Johnson-Jim Johnson fight to no decision in Paris
1913 - John K Tener becomes president of baseball's National League
1917 - British forces under General Allenby capture Jerusalem
• 1918 - French troops occupies Mainz
1922 - Gabriel Narutowicz elected Polish president
1924 - Dutch & Hungary trade treaty signed
1924 - Michael Hainisch re-elected Austrian president
1925 - AL extends Ban Johnson's contract to 1935 & raise to $40,000
1925 - Pro football a hit in NYC; Grange & Bears beat Giants before 73,000
1926 - USGA leagalizes steel shaft golf clubs
1931 - Benn W Levy's "Springtime for Henry" premieres in NYC
• 1931 - Japanese army attacks Chinese province of Jehol
Flag of Spain
• 1931 - Spain becomes a republic
1931 - Baseball cuts squad from 25 to 23 players & NL continues to prohibit uniform numbers
1933 - 21st CFL Grey Cup: Toronto Argonauts defeats Sarnia Imperials, 4-3
1933 - Romania disallows fascist Iron Guard
1934 - NY Giants defeat Chicago Bears 30-13 for NFL championship
1935 - Walter Liggett American newspaper editor and muckraker killed in gangland murder.
1936 - AL OKs night baseball for St Louis
1936 - Australia all out 58 v England, Bradman out for a duck
1939 - 27th Grey Cup: Winnipeg Blue Bombers defeats Ottawa Rough Riders, 8-7
• 1939 - Russian air raid on Helsinki
• 1940 - British assault on Banghazi Libya
• 1940 - British troops 1st major offensive in No Africa (Libya) during WW II
1940 - Illeagal Jewish immigrants to Haifa are deported to Mauritius
1940 - South Australia all out for 47 v NSW, O'Reilly 5-11
1941 - 1st US WW II bombing mission in Far East, Luzon, Philippines
1941 - 300 Montgomery, SF opens as new Bank of America HQ
1941 - 7th Heisman Trophy Award: Bruce Smith, Minnesota (HB)
• 1941 - China declares war on Japan, Germany & Italy
1941 - Citizen Register reports "Hostile planes reported nearing Westchester"
Dictator of Nazi Germany Adolf HitlerDictator of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler
• 1941 - Hitler orders US ships torpedoed
Flag of the United Nations
• 1948 - UN General Assembly unanimously approves Convention on Genocide
• 1949 - Dutch 2nd Chamber accepts Indonesian sovereignty
• 1949 - NFL merges Cleveland Browns, SF '49ers & Balt Colts from AAFC
Flag of Germany (formerly West Germany during the Cold War)
• 1951 - Voters approve merger of 3 states to form Baden-Wurttemberg, W Germany
• 1953 - General Electric announces all Communist employees will be fired
1953 - Mont Canadiens (106) & Toronto Maple Leafs (98) get 204 penalty mins
• 1954 - Dmitri Sjostakovitsj appointed honored guest of Swed Royal Music Acad
• 1957 - 1st Japanese ambassador to Israel
• 1958 - Robert H W Welch Jr & 11 other men meet in Indianapolis to form anti-Communist John Birch Society
1960 - 1st broadcast of "Coronation Street" on British ITV
1961 - "From the Second City" closes at Royale Theater NYC after 87 perfs
1961 - "Let It Ride" closes at Eugene O'Neill Theater NYC after 68 perfs
• 1961 - SS Col Adolf Eichmann found guilty of war crimes in Israel
• 1961 - Tanganyika gains independence from Britain takes name Tanzania
1961 - Wilt Chamberlain of NBA Phila Warriors scores 67 points vs NY
1962 - "I Can Get It For You Wholesale" closes on Broadway
• 1962 - Tanganyika becomes a republic within British Commonwealth
1963 - Frank Sinatra Jr is kidnapped
• 1963 - Zanzibar gains independence from Britain
• 1965 - "A Charlie Brown Christmas" premieres
1965 - Frank Robinson is traded from Cincinnati to the Orioles
1965 - Nikolai Podgorny replaces Anastas Mikoyan as president of Presidium
• 1967 - Jim Morrison, arrested on stage for disturbing the peace
• 1967 - Nicolea Ceausescu becomes president (dictator) of Romania
1968 - KRNE TV channel 12 in Merriman, NB (PBS) begins broadcasting
1968 - NLS (a system for which hypertext and the computer mouse were developed) is publicly demonstrated for the first time in San Francisco.
• 1970 - Dutch Antilles: government of Petronia falls
1971 - Lewis F Powell Jr appointed to Supreme Court
1973 - "Pajama Game" opens at Lunt Fontanne Theater NYC for 65 performances
1973 - Bruno Sammartino beats Stan Stasiak in NY, to become WWF champ
1973 - St Louis Cardinal Jim Bakken kicks 6 field goals vs Atlanta Falcons
1973 - Sunningdale Agreement in Northern Ireland
1974 - Dow Jones index hits 570.01
1974 - Jack Brisco beats Giant Baba in Tokyo, to become NWA wrestling champ
• 1974 - Johnson Grigsby freed after 66 years in jail in Indiana
Nobel Prize
• 1975 - Jelena Bonner receives Andrei Sacharov's Nobel Prize
• 1975 - Pres Gerald Ford signs $2.3 Bn loan-authorization for NYC
• 1978 - Pioneer Venus 2 drops 5 probes into atmosphere of Venus
1978 - 1st game of Women's Pro Basketball League (WBL), Chicago Hustle vs Milwaukee Does
1979 - Murle Breer/Dave Eichelberger wins LPGA J C Penney Golf Classic
1980 - 61°F in Boston at 1 AM
1981 - Porn star John Holmes charged with Laurel Canyon murders
1982 - Mary-Beth & William Hurt divorce
• 1983 - Att Gen Edwin Meese says people go to soup kitchens "...because food is free & that's easier than paying for it"
1983 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1984 - 59th Australian Womens Tennis: Chris Evert beats H Sukova (67 61 63)
1984 - 6 day hijack of Kuwaiti jet ends
1984 - Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
1984 - Iranian commandos end capture of Kuwaiti plane
1984 - LA Ram Eric Dickerson rushes 215 yards for season record 2,003 yards
1984 - Vicki Alvarez/Mike McDonald wins LPGA J C Penney Golf Classic
1985 - 74th Australian Mens Tennis: S Edberg beats Mats Wilander (64 63 63)
1985 - Jerry Rice begins NFL streak of 100+ consecutive game receptions
1985 - Phoenix Arizona, gets 3" of snow
Flag of Argentina
• 1985 - In Argentina, five former military junta members received sentences in prison for their roles in the "dirty war" in which nearly 9,000 people had "disappeared."
NBA Legend Larry BirdNBA Legend Larry Bird 1987 - Larry Bird, ends streak of 59 consecutive free throws
• 1987 - Palestine uprising begin in Israeli-occupied West Bank
1988 - NY Yankees sign 12-year television contract with MSG for $500M
1988 - The Michael Hughes Bridge in Sligo, Ireland is officially opened.
1989 - "Les Miserables" opens at Princess Theatre, Melbourne
1990 - Betsy King wins Itoman LPGA World Match Play Golf Championship
1990 - Gunda Niemann skates ladies world record 3k ladies (4:10.80)
1990 - Houston scores most points against Cleveland, Oilers 58, Browns 14
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Visual reminders of the Solidarity struggle in Poland currently on display at the fortification at Mount Kościuszko in Krakow, Poland.
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• 1990 - Lech Walesa won Poland's first direct presidential election in the country's history.
• 1990 - Slobodan Milosovic was elected president in Serbia's first free elections in 50 years.
1990 - NFL NY Giant Otis Anderson becomes 8th to rush for 10,000th yard
1991 - 2nd Billboard Music Awards
1992 - 3rd Billboard Music Awards
1992 - Cin Red owner Marge Schott apologizes for racist remarks
• 1992 - Clair George, former CIA spy chief, was convicted of lying to the U.S. Congress about the Iran-Contra affair. U.S. President George H.W. Bush later pardoned George.
• 1992 - Operation Restore Hope - US Marines land in Somalia
1992 - Sri Lanka's third-ever Test Cricket victory (v NZ by 9 wkts)
1992 - NJ Devils organization announces that it will change its colors to black, red, & white for the 1992-93 season
1993 - "My Fair Lady" opens at Virginia Theater NYC for 165 performances
• 1993 - At Princeton University in New Jersey, scientists produced a controlled fusion reaction equivalent to 3 million watts.
• 1993 - Ivory Coast Premier Ouattara resigns
1994 - 5m meteor 1994 XM1 passes within 100,000 km of Earth
1994 - US Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders resigns after comments about masturbation
1995 - 61st Heisman Trophy Award: Eddie George, Ohio State (RB)
2003 - A blast in the center of Moscow kills six people and wounds several more.
Flag of Australia
• 2003 - In Australia, thieves broke into a home and stole two 300-year-old etchings by Rembrandt. The 4-by-4-inch etchings, a self-portrait and a depiction of the artist's mother, were valued around $518,000.
• 2006 - Moscow suffers its worst fire since 1977, killing 45 women in a drug rehabitational center.
• 2008 - The Governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich, is arrested by federal officials for a number of alleged crimes including attempting to sell the United States Senate seat being vacated by President-elect Barack Obama's election to the Presidency..
• 2012 - 13 people are killed and 10 are injured after a bus rolls of a cliff and falls 100 meters in Taiwan
• 2012 - 6 people are killed and 41 are injured after a bus plunges 30 metres down a gorge in Guatemala
• 2012 - Incumbent Ghanaian president John Mahama wins the general election amidst allegations of fraud
• 2012 - The Social Liberal Union Party and Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta win by a landslide in the parliamentary elections
• 2012 - Juan Manuel Márquez knocks out Manny Pacquiao in round six for the WBO light welterweight title
1594 - Gustavus II of Sweden was born. 1608 - English poet John Milton was born in London. 1625 - The Treaty of the Hague was signed by England and the Netherlands. The agreement was to subsidize Christian IV of Denmark in his campaign in Germany. 1783 - The first executions at Newgate Prison took place. 1793 - "The American Minerva" was published for the first time. It was the first daily newspaper in New York City and was founded by Noah Webster. 1848 - American author and creator of "Uncle Remus and Brer Rabbit," Joel Chandler Harris was born. 1854 - Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem, "The Charge of the Light Brigade," was published in England. 1884 - Levant M. Richardson received a patent for the ball-bearing roller skate. 1892 - In London, "Widowers' Houses," George Bernard Shaw's first play, opened at the Royalty Theater. 1907 - Christmas Seals went on sale for the first time, in the Wilmington, DE, post office. 1926 - The United States Golf Association legalized the use of steel-shafted golf clubs. 1914 - The Edison Phonograph Works was destroyed by fire. 1917 - Turkish troops surrendered Jerusalem to British troops led by Viscount Allenby. 1940 - During World War II, British troops opened their first major offensive in North Africa. 1940 - The Longines Watch Company signed for the first FM radio advertising contract with experimental station W2XOR in New York City. 1941 - China declared war on Japan, Germany and Italy. 1942 - The Aram Khachaturian ballet "Gayane" was first performed by the Kirov Ballet. 1955 - Sugar Ray Robinson knocked out Carl Olson and regained his world middleweight boxing title. 1958 - In Indianapolis, IN, Robert H.W. Welch Jr. and 11 other men met to form the anti-Communist John Birch Society. 1960 - Sperry Rand Corporation unveiled a new computer, known as "Univac 1107." 1960 - The first episode of "Coronation Street" was screened on ITV. 1962 - "Lawrence of Arabia," by David Lean had its world premiere in London. 1965 - Nikolai V. Podgorny replaced Anastas I. Mikoyan as president of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. 1975 - U.S. President Gerald R. Ford signed a $2.3 billion seasonal loan authorization to prevent New York City from having to default. 1978 - The first game of the Women's Pro Basketball League (WBL) was played between the Chicago Hustle and the Milwaukee Does. 1983 - NATO foreign ministers called on the Soviet Union to join in a "comprehensive political dialogue" to ease tensions in the world. 1984 - Iranian security men seized control of the plane ending a five-day hijacking of a Kuwaiti jetliner, which was parked at the Tehran airport. 1987 - West Bank Palestinians launched an intifada (uprising) against Israeli occupation. 1987 - In the Gaza Strip, an Israeli patrol attacked the Jabliya refugee camp. 1990 - Lech Walesa won Poland's first direct presidential election in the country's history. 1990 - Slobodan Milosovic was elected president in Serbia's first free elections in 50 years. 1990 - The first American hostages to be released by Iraq began arriving in the U.S. 1991 - European Community leaders agreed to begin using a single currency in 1999. 1992 - Britain's Prince Charles and Princess Diana announced their separation. 1992 - U.S. troops arrived in Mogadishu, Somalia, to oversee delivery of international food aid, in operation 'Restore Hope'. 1993 - The U.S. Air Force destroyed the first of 500 Minuteman II missile silos that were marked for elimination under an arms control treaty. 1993 - Astronauts aboard the space shuttle Endeavor completed repairs to the Hubble Space Telescope. 1994 - Representatives of the Irish Republican Army and the British government opened peace talks in Northern Ireland. 1994 - U.S. President Clinton fired Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders after learning that she had told a conference that masturbation should be discussed in school as a part of human sexuality. 1996 - UN Secretary General Boutros-Ghali approved a deal allowing Iraq to resume its exports of oil and easing the UN trade embargo imposed on Iraq in 1990. 1999 - The U.S. announced that it was expelling a Russian diplomat that had been caught gathering information with an eavesdropping device at the U.S. State Department. 2002 - United Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after losing $4 billion in the previos two years. It was the sixth largest bankruptcy filing.
1941 China declared war against Japan, Germany, and Italy. 1958 The anti-Communist John Birch Society was formed. 1965 "A Charlie Brown Christmas" premiered. 1990 Lech Walesa was elected president of Poland. 1993 U.S. astronauts completed repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope. 1996 Archaeologist and anthropologist Mary Leakey died in Kenya at age 83.
The following links are to web sites that were used to complete this blog entry:
http://www.historyorb.com/today/events.php
http://on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/dec09.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory
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